Q&A Hero

Q: Explain and distinguish between semantic and pragmatic meanings of language.

Q: _____ does not use words that apply only to one sex, race, or other group as though they represent everyone. a. Concrete language b. Colloquial language c. Inclusive language d. Specific language

Q: Unlike semantic meaning, pragmatic meaning: a. focuses on what words mean. b. is based on denotative meaning of words. c. changes across speakers and situations. d. can be understood only in intercultural communication.

Q: A(n) _____ is the utterance of a verbal message and what it implies about how the listener should respond. a. phrase act b. entailment c. fallacy d. speech act

Q: Derek was unable to go to work as he had a fever. He informed his boss over a call and his boss asked him to take the day off. This scenario reflects _____. a. an argument b. a monologue c. a speech act d. nonverbal communication

Q: In the context of the relationship between language and meaning, which of the following is a guideline to improve pragmatics? a. Assume the best first. b. Rationalize that you are protecting your listeners. c. Provide as much information as possible. d. Avoid repeatedly linking your messages to the purpose of the conversation.

Q: _____ varies according to the norms of a particular culture or co-culture. a. Plain meaning b. Literal meaning c. Sociolinguistic meaning d. Denotative meaning

Q: Thomas is a senior sales manager at Rue and West Bros., a furniture company. The company received a series of complaints regarding the last few batches of delivery. The CEO of Rue and West Bros. sent an e-mail to Thomas asking him to take care of the complaints immediately. In this scenario, which of the following replies would be considered an idiom? a. Ill find the reason behind the latest complaints and inform you. b. Ill look into the matter immediately. c. The complaints will be taken care of soon. d. Ill sort the complaints at the drop of a hat.

Q: Which of the following statements is true of a direct verbal style? a. It is usually followed across cultures. b. It is the least preferred style of straightforward communication. c. It openly states a speakers intention. d. It contributes to sociolinguistic misunderstanding.

Q: Guidelines and decrees Incorrect Axioms Incorrect Lexicons Incorrect Syntax and grammar Correct refer to the rules for combining words to form sentences. a. Guidelines and decrees b. Axioms c. Lexicons d. Syntax and grammar

Q: Connotative meaning Incorrect Semantic meaning Incorrect Denotative meaning Incorrect Pragmatic meaning Correct comes from understanding a message related to its conversational context. a. Connotative meaning b. Semantic meaning c. Denotative meaning d. Pragmatic meaning

Q: When a person uses words like "mumbles," "whispers," "blusters," or "drones," instead of "speaks in a weird way," the person uses idiomatic language Incorrect concrete language Correct inclusive language Incorrect pragmatic language Incorrect . a. idiomatic language b. concrete language c. inclusive language d. pragmatic language

Q: Instead of "loyal," when a speaker adds "I mean, he never criticizes friends behind their backs," he or she is using slang Incorrect jargon Incorrect descriptive details Correct idiomatic expression Incorrect . a. slang b. jargon c. descriptive details d. idiomatic expression

Q: Laura said to Adam, "I need a few suggestions regarding work." Then, she added, "I need suggestions on how to compute a quarterly report of the new sales team." In this scenario, Laura uses _____. a. denotative language b. abstract language c. specific language d. concrete language

Q: Which of the following statements is true of concrete language? a. It appeals to the senses. b. It uses words that impair semantic meaning. c. It is vague and unclear. d. It masks the speakers true intentions.

Q: A(n) _____ is a unique form of a general language spoken by a specific culture or co-culture. a. accent b. dialect c. syntax d. idiolect

Q: Which of the following statements is true of a speech community? a. It comprises less than 10,000 speakers. b. It is a small group that speaks a common dialect. c. It comprises people within a single neighborhood. d. It is also known as a melting pot for language.

Q: A(n) _____ is a persons own personal symbol system that includes and his or her unique pronunciations, grammar, and syntax. a. noesis b. idiolect c. accent d. dialect

Q: In any language, _____ are arbitrarily chosen symbols used to represent thoughts and feelings. a. pronunciations b. idiolects c. dialects d. words

Q: For a word to have meaning, it must: a. be used in a complete sentence. b. have a literal connection to the thing it represents. c. be used in all speech communities. d. stand for a particular object, idea, or feeling.

Q: George is an octogenarian. Every time he visits his granddaughter, he finds that she uses strange and new words like YOLO and tweeting. Likewise, his granddaughter misinterprets some of his vocabulary, and both of them end up explaining their vocabulary to each other. Which of the following characteristics of language is indicated in this scenario? a. Language is arbitrary. b. Language is abstract. c. Language is concrete. d. Language is constantly changing.

Q: Madison looks up the dictionary to find the meaning of the word "restitution." In this case, she is looking for the _____ of the word. a. indirect meaning b. metaphorical meaning c. implicit meaning d. denotative meaning

Q: _____ is the implicit additional meaning we associate with a word. a. Indication b. Extension c. Formation d. Connotation

Q: When we experience an emotional response parallel to another persons actual or anticipated display of emotion, it is termed as _____. a. empathic responsiveness b. perspective taking c. mirroring d. sympathy

Q: Each language is different from other languages in its fundamentals and purposes. a. True b. False

Q: In the context of understanding a message, _____ occurs when we use everything we know about the sender and his or her circumstances to understand their feelings. a. empathic responsiveness b. perspective taking c. paraphrasing d. evaluating

Q: A languages lexicon refers to a collection of words and expressions. a. True b. False

Q: In the context of remembering, a common technique to form a mnemonic is by: a. adding extra details to the information that has to be remembered. b. recording a speech in a tape recorder or a CD. c. forming a word with the first letters of the information that has to be remembered. d. paraphrasing the information that has to be remembered with related words.

Q: Different speech communities within a language community may use different words to represent the same phenomenon. a. True b. False

Q: In the context of active listening, which of the following is a strategy for evaluating messages effectively? a. Constructing mnemonics b. Probing for information c. Combining facts and inferences d. Avoiding repetitive information

Q: An indirect verbal style is characterized by language that openly states a speakers intention in a straightforward and unambiguous way. a. True b. False

Q: In the context of response strategies, verbal feedback should be given: a. by interrupting a speaker during a speech. b. whenever a speaker rambles without focusing a point. c. after a speaker has ended his or her speech. d. while a speaker is pausing in the middle.

Q: To achieve linguistic sensitivity, only superior dialects must be used. a. True b. False

Q: Which of the following is a characteristic of nonverbal feedback cues? a. They finish a speakers sentence. b. They create an environment of anger and disgust. c. They communicate listeners attention and comprehension. d. They are one of the methods of perception checking.

Q: A(n) _____ is a complete unit of talk bounded by a speakers silence. a. utterance b. syllable c. letter d. morpheme

Q: Alex is an attentive undergraduate student. In Mr. Greys class, he gets restless because Mr. Grey usually talks about topics that are outside the scope of syllabus. Sometimes, he elaborates on topics that will not be asked in the exams. Given this information, Alex is a(n) _____. a. time-oriented listener b. action-oriented listener c. content-oriented listener d. people-oriented listener

Q: Elaine and her friend, Catherine, frequently end up arguing when discussing any topic. Elaine feels the reason behind this is that they both are extremely critical in their discussions. Elaine wants to appear supportive while stressing her points in a discussion. In this scenario, which of the following can help Elaine? a. She can make Catherine understand that she is not her friend when they argue. b. She can tell what Catherine wants to hear. c. She can make false statements to support Catherine. d. She can express acceptance instead of criticizing Catherine.

Q: Which of the following statements best defines the term phonology? a. It refers to the implicit additional meaning people associate with a word. b. It is the study of a unique form of language spoken by a specific group of people. c. It refers to the sounds used to pronounce words. d. It is the study of word origins and root words.

Q: _____ prefer brief and hurried conversations and often use nonverbal and verbal cues to signal that their partner needs to be more concise. a. Time-oriented listeners b. Action-oriented listeners c. Content-oriented listeners d. People-oriented listeners

Q: Elsa frequently attends conferences and public meetings. She wants to be constructive while she criticizes speakers. In this scenario, which of the following can Elsa do? a. She can cite something positive before offering her comments. b. She can assert the superiority of the strength of her expertise. c. She can use "you" language while speaking to the speaker. d. She can provide a generalized criticism rather than pointing the specific parts.

Q: Which of the following statements is true of a language community? a. Members of the community use different dialects of the same language. b. Members of the community speak different languages. c. Members of the community are centered in the same country. d. Members of the community communicate largely through sign language.

Q: _____ is the habitual and unconscious process of receiving messages. a. Passive listening b. Dynamic listening c. Informational listening d. Empathic listening

Q: Concentrating Incorrect Listening Correct Hearing Incorrect Hearkening Incorrect is the process of receiving, constructing meaning from, and responding to spoken and/or nonverbal messages. a. Concentrating b. Listening c. Hearing d. Hearkening

Q: Maurice is a high-school science teacher. Whenever she begins her class, she says to her students, "Close your books. Keep your personal stuff inside your bag. Sit upright. Face the board." In this scenario, Maurice is involved in: a. making her students physically ready to listen. b. identifying the main topic of discussion. c. observing students nonverbal cues. d. empathizing with her students.

Q: Listening as a(n) affective Incorrect physiological Incorrect behavioral Correct physiological Incorrect process involves responding with verbal and nonverbal feedback. a. affective b. physiological c. behavioral d. physiological

Q: Which of the following techniques will help listeners improve their attending skills? a. Empathizing with the conditions of a speaker b. Reducing potential distractions from the listening environment c. Playing intense music to focus on a speech d. Providing feedback cues when a speaker speaks

Q: In the context of active listening, evaluating Incorrect responding Incorrect attending Correct understanding Incorrect is the process of willfully perceiving and focusing on a message. a. evaluating b. responding c. attending d. understanding

Q: Which of the following statements is true of paraphrasing? a. It is a repetition of what a speaker has said. b. It causes a listener to forget a speakers message. c. It becomes necessary when communicating long and complex messages. d. It is a listeners effort to look at things from another persons point of view.

Q: Attending Incorrect Responding Incorrect Evaluating Correct Understanding Incorrect is the process of critically analyzing a message to determine its truthfulness, utility, and trustworthiness. a. Attending b. Responding c. Evaluating d. Understanding

Q: Lisa is a high-school student. She has poor listening skills. After much effort, she improved her attending skills. In this case, which of the following should Lisa do to improve her understanding skills? a. She should neglect the pragmatic meaning and focus on the semantic meaning. b. She should mentally rehearse what she has heard. c. She should paraphrase the speakers message in her own words. d. She should take notes while listening to a conversation.

Q: In the process of active listening, attending Incorrect understanding Incorrect evaluating Incorrect responding Correct is the process of providing feedback. a. attending b. understanding c. evaluating d. responding

Q: A content paraphrase focuses on: a. the denotative meaning of a message. b. how a listener feels about a message. c. the unconscious process of receiving a message. d. how a speaker sounds when he or she speaks.

Q: Explain listening style and the types of listeners. List the characteristics of each type of listeners that differentiates them from the other types.

Q: A _____ focuses on the emotions attached to a message. a. mnemonic device b. content paraphrase c. feedback cue d. feelings paraphrase

Q: Briefly explain the five processes of active listening.

Q: Which of the following strategies will help a listener paraphrase a message effectively? a. Focusing on as many details as possible b. Empathizing with the feelings and attitudes of the speaker c. Sending a feedback that will be encouraging to the speaker d. Noticing the images and feelings the listener experiences from the message

Q: Briefly explain how listeners should respond with verbal and nonverbal cues. Explain formal constructive speech critique strategies.

Q: Pedro is giving a speech about marine life. He has prepared many presentational aids like slide shows, models, and handouts. In this scenario, which of the following strategies will help Pedro to effectively handle his presentational aids? a. He should pass his models and handouts through his audience during his speech. b. He should face the screen while explaining slides. c. He should display the aids so that everyone in the audience can see them. d. He should present the presentational aids throughout his speech.

Q: Supportive responses create an environment that encourages the other person to talk about and make sense of a distressing situation. a. True b. False

Q: To adapt with virtual audiences, you should not: a. use presentational aids. b. address uninformed, apathetic, and oppositional audiences who may view your speech virtually. c. say anything to one specific audience that you would not want to broadcast to a wider audience. d. use an attention getter to pique curiosity.

Q: Unlike listening, hearing is a(n): a. physiological process that is mainly concerned with human body. b. affective process that motivates a person to attend to a message. c. cognitive process that includes understanding and interpreting a message. d. behavioral process that is related to responding with a feedback.

Q: Which of the following statements is true of evaluating speeches? a. It rarely deals with what went wrong during a speech. b. It is done by the speaker himself after the speech. c. It is done on the basics of content, structure, and delivery. d. It negatively affects a speakers successive speaking experiences.

Q: Which of the following statements is true of listening apprehension? a. It helps one in attentively focusing on a message. b. It increases with the intensity of a message. c. It is not dependent on any factor other than the message. d. It increases when one worries about misinterpreting a message.

Q: A speech critique checklist: a. can be used during rehearsal of a speech. b. has items related to a speech rather than the speaker. c. has no purpose other than documentation. d. can be used as an effective presentational aid during a speech.

Q: Which of the following statements is true of content-oriented listeners? a. They fail to evaluate the facts offered as evidence. b. They notice the inconsistencies that a speaker makes. c. They are sensitive to their partners emotional needs. d. They elicit more information by asking questions.

Q: When we have a performance orientation Correct systematic desensitization Incorrect cognitive restructuring Incorrect a communication orientation Incorrect , we believe we must impress a hypercritical audience with our knowledge and delivery. a. a performance orientation b. systematic desensitization c. cognitive restructuring d. a communication orientation

Q: Which of the following statements best defines people-oriented listeners? a. They focus on the feelings their conversational partners may have about what they are saying. b. They focus on the ultimate point a speaker is trying to make. c. They focus on and evaluate the facts and evidence. d. They prefer brief and hurried conversations and often use nonverbal and verbal cues to signal that their partner needs to be more concise.

Q: Visualization Correct A performance orientation Incorrect Cognitive restructuring Incorrect A communication orientation Incorrect helps us reduce anxiety by developing a mental picture of ourselves giving a masterful speech. a. Visualization b. A performance orientation c. Cognitive restructuring d. A communication orientation

Q: In the context of listening style, _____ focus on the ultimate point the speaker is trying to make. a. time-oriented listeners b. action-oriented listeners c. content-oriented listeners d. people-oriented listeners

Q: Systematic desensitization Incorrect Cognitive restructuring Correct A performance orientation Incorrect A communication orientation Incorrect helps reduce anxiety by replacing anxiety arousing negative self-talk with anxiety-reducing positive self-talk. a. Systematic desensitization b. Cognitive restructuring c. A performance orientation d. A communication orientation

Q: A speech is said to be dramatic Incorrect conversational Correct animated Incorrect intelligible Incorrect when the audience feels you are talking with them. a. dramatic b. conversational c. animated d. intelligible

Q: A(n) euphony Incorrect posture Incorrect monotone Correct accent Incorrect refers to a voice in which the pitch, volume, and rate remain constant, with no word, idea, or sentence differing significantly from any other. a. euphony b. posture c. monotone d. accent

Q: Discuss the three phases of public speaking apprehension.

Q: Briefly describe the following three methods of speech delivery: scripted speeches, extemporaneous speeches, and impromptu speeches. Give an example of when each method would be most appropriate.

Q: Discuss how speeches are evaluated. Explain the advantages of a critical analysis.

Q: Which of the following statements is true of speaking notes? a. They are word-for-word reproduction of the speech outline. b. They are written in small letters so as to fit as much material on your note cards as possible. c. They contain the fewest words possible. d. They can be used in impromptu speeches.

Q: Hearing and listening are synonymous with each other. a. True b. False

Q: Which of the following is an effective strategy to develop speaking notes? a. Typing the entire text of the speech and pasting it onto notecards b. Using as many notecards as possible c. Omitting information like examples and statistics d. Writing the information in large lettering

Q: Listening style is the conscious style adopted by a person to fit an appropriate situation. a. True b. False

Q: In the context of speaking notes, which of the following statements is true of incorporating delivery cues? a. Cues to use voice and body are noted in a separate card. b. Words that need to be stressed are underlined. c. Slash marks are used to indicate increase in rate or volume of speech. d. They include an expected nonverbal response from the audience.