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Medicine & Health Science
Q:
Incidence can be affected by an increase in the risk factor and changes in preventive measures.
Q:
Validity and reliability are really measuring the same thing.
Q:
In a cohort study, two groups free of disease are followed forward in time.
Q:
Prospective studies are most useful for investigating diseases of high incidence.
Q:
Referring to the data in the table, what was the incidence rate of cancer?
Q:
Variable that could be the cause of the disease (alcohol use)
Match the term with the correct descriptor.
a. Independent variable
b. Dependent variable
c. Institutional review board
d. Risk factors
e. Specificity
f. Confounding variables
g. Case
h. Control
i. Research question
j. Historical-prospective study
k. Recall bias
l. Interviewer bias
Q:
Characteristics that could cause the disease
Match the term with the correct descriptor.
a. Independent variable
b. Dependent variable
c. Institutional review board
d. Risk factors
e. Specificity
f. Confounding variables
g. Case
h. Control
i. Research question
j. Historical-prospective study
k. Recall bias
l. Interviewer bias
Q:
Percent of all true non-cases correctly identified
Match the term with the correct descriptor.
a. Independent variable
b. Dependent variable
c. Institutional review board
d. Risk factors
e. Specificity
f. Confounding variables
g. Case
h. Control
i. Research question
j. Historical-prospective study
k. Recall bias
l. Interviewer bias
Q:
Past records used to collect data, then followed over time
Match the term with the correct descriptor.
a. Independent variable
b. Dependent variable
c. Institutional review board
d. Risk factors
e. Specificity
f. Confounding variables
g. Case
h. Control
i. Research question
j. Historical-prospective study
k. Recall bias
l. Interviewer bias
Q:
Tend to ask questions differently or probe more
Match the term with the correct descriptor.
a. Independent variable
b. Dependent variable
c. Institutional review board
d. Risk factors
e. Specificity
f. Confounding variables
g. Case
h. Control
i. Research question
j. Historical-prospective study
k. Recall bias
l. Interviewer bias
Q:
Poor memory when interviewed
Match the term with the correct descriptor.
a. Independent variable
b. Dependent variable
c. Institutional review board
d. Risk factors
e. Specificity
f. Confounding variables
g. Case
h. Control
i. Research question
j. Historical-prospective study
k. Recall bias
l. Interviewer bias
Q:
Age, sex, race
Match the term with the correct descriptor.
a. Independent variable
b. Dependent variable
c. Institutional review board
d. Risk factors
e. Specificity
f. Confounding variables
g. Case
h. Control
i. Research question
j. Historical-prospective study
k. Recall bias
l. Interviewer bias
Q:
Individual without the disease under study
Match the term with the correct descriptor.
a. Independent variable
b. Dependent variable
c. Institutional review board
d. Risk factors
e. Specificity
f. Confounding variables
g. Case
h. Control
i. Research question
j. Historical-prospective study
k. Recall bias
l. Interviewer bias
Q:
Individual with the disease under study
Match the term with the correct descriptor.
a. Independent variable
b. Dependent variable
c. Institutional review board
d. Risk factors
e. Specificity
f. Confounding variables
g. Case
h. Control
i. Research question
j. Historical-prospective study
k. Recall bias
l. Interviewer bias
Q:
Ovarian cancer
Match the term with the correct descriptor.
a. Independent variable
b. Dependent variable
c. Institutional review board
d. Risk factors
e. Specificity
f. Confounding variables
g. Case
h. Control
i. Research question
j. Historical-prospective study
k. Recall bias
l. Interviewer bias
Q:
Research and human rights committee
Match the term with the correct descriptor.
a. Independent variable
b. Dependent variable
c. Institutional review board
d. Risk factors
e. Specificity
f. Confounding variables
g. Case
h. Control
i. Research question
j. Historical-prospective study
k. Recall bias
l. Interviewer bias
Q:
Question to be answered
Match the term with the correct descriptor.
a. Independent variable
b. Dependent variable
c. Institutional review board
d. Risk factors
e. Specificity
f. Confounding variables
g. Case
h. Control
i. Research question
j. Historical-prospective study
k. Recall bias
l. Interviewer bias
Q:
Morbidity, mortality, satisfaction, pain
Match the term with the correct descriptor.
a. Cross-sectional study
b. Descriptive study
c. Analytic study
d. Case-control study
e. Odds ratio
f. Relative risk
g. Prospective study
h. Clinical trial
i. Life-table analysis
j. Outcome measures
Q:
Used when researcher has loss of subjects
Match the term with the correct descriptor.
a. Cross-sectional study
b. Descriptive study
c. Analytic study
d. Case-control study
e. Odds ratio
f. Relative risk
g. Prospective study
h. Clinical trial
i. Life-table analysis
j. Outcome measures
Q:
Intervention tested on selected subjects in a clinical setting
Match the term with the correct descriptor.
a. Cross-sectional study
b. Descriptive study
c. Analytic study
d. Case-control study
e. Odds ratio
f. Relative risk
g. Prospective study
h. Clinical trial
i. Life-table analysis
j. Outcome measures
Q:
Cohort study
Match the term with the correct descriptor.
a. Cross-sectional study
b. Descriptive study
c. Analytic study
d. Case-control study
e. Odds ratio
f. Relative risk
g. Prospective study
h. Clinical trial
i. Life-table analysis
j. Outcome measures
Q:
Retrospective study
Match the term with the correct descriptor.
a. Cross-sectional study
b. Descriptive study
c. Analytic study
d. Case-control study
e. Odds ratio
f. Relative risk
g. Prospective study
h. Clinical trial
i. Life-table analysis
j. Outcome measures
Q:
Incidence rate of exposed/incidence rate of unexposed
Match the term with the correct descriptor.
a. Cross-sectional study
b. Descriptive study
c. Analytic study
d. Case-control study
e. Odds ratio
f. Relative risk
g. Prospective study
h. Clinical trial
i. Life-table analysis
j. Outcome measures
Q:
Estimate of relative risk
Match the term with the correct descriptor.
a. Cross-sectional study
b. Descriptive study
c. Analytic study
d. Case-control study
e. Odds ratio
f. Relative risk
g. Prospective study
h. Clinical trial
i. Life-table analysis
j. Outcome measure
Q:
Disease is examined to determine possible causes.
Match the term with the correct descriptor.
a. Cross-sectional study
b. Descriptive study
c. Analytic study
d. Case-control study
e. Odds ratio
f. Relative risk
g. Prospective study
h. Clinical trial
i. Life-table analysis
j. Outcome measures
Q:
Concurrently describes characteristics at one point in time
Match the term with the correct descriptor.
a. Cross-sectional study
b. Descriptive study
c. Analytic study
d. Case-control study
e. Odds ratio
f. Relative risk
g. Prospective study
h. Clinical trial
i. Life-table analysis
j. Outcome measures
Q:
Study used to generate hypotheses
Match the term with the correct descriptor.
a. Cross-sectional study
b. Descriptive study
c. Analytic study
d. Case-control study
e. Odds ratio
f. Relative risk
g. Prospective study
h. Clinical trial
i. Life-table analysis
j. Outcome measures
Q:
Determines what research has been previously conducted
Match the term with the correct descriptor.
a. Hypothesis
b. Methodology
c. Specific aims
d. Literature review
e. Validity
f. Reliability
g. Bias
h. Prevalence
i. Incidence
Q:
Step-by-step of what will be done in the research study
Match the term with the correct descriptor.
a. Hypothesis
b. Methodology
c. Specific aims
d. Literature review
e. Validity
f. Reliability
g. Bias
h. Prevalence
i. Incidence
Q:
Goals or objectives within a research proposal
Match the term with the correct descriptor.
a. Hypothesis
b. Methodology
c. Specific aims
d. Literature review
e. Validity
f. Reliability
g. Bias
h. Prevalence
i. Incidence
Q:
Reproducibility
Match the term with the correct descriptor.
a. Hypothesis
b. Methodology
c. Specific aims
d. Literature review
e. Validity
f. Reliability
g. Bias
h. Prevalence
i. Incidence
Q:
Accuracy
Match the term with the correct descriptor.
a. Hypothesis
b. Methodology
c. Specific aims
d. Literature review
e. Validity
f. Reliability
g. Bias
h. Prevalence
i. Incidence
Q:
New cases
Match the term with the correct descriptor.
a. Hypothesis
b. Methodology
c. Specific aims
d. Literature review
e. Validity
f. Reliability
g. Bias
h. Prevalence
i. Incidence
Q:
Existing cases
Match the term with the correct descriptor.
a. Hypothesis
b. Methodology
c. Specific aims
d. Literature review
e. Validity
f. Reliability
g. Bias
h. Prevalence
i. Incidence
Q:
Error
Match the term with the correct descriptor.
a. Hypothesis
b. Methodology
c. Specific aims
d. Literature review
e. Validity
f. Reliability
g. Bias
h. Prevalence
i. Incidence
Q:
Assertion to be proved
Match the term with the correct descriptor.
a. Hypothesis
b. Methodology
c. Specific aims
d. Literature review
e. Validity
f. Reliability
g. Bias
h. Prevalence
i. Incidence
Q:
Person time/person years
Match the descriptor with the correct term.
a. Faulty memory
b. The tendency to select persons under frequent medical care
c. The tendency to ask questions differently or probe more if it is known that the person has the disease
d. Quantifies the amount of risk due to a certain characteristic Ire/IRo
e. The ability of a test instrument to measure what it is supposed to measure
f. Identified by pre-existing records developed in the past
g. Accumulated period of time each person is in the study
h. Percent of all true non-cases correctly identified
i. Reliability between more than one research assistant or observer
j. Examples: all new employees within a hospital, all new students in the first grade
Q:
Interviewer bias
Match the descriptor with the correct term.
a. Faulty memory
b. The tendency to select persons under frequent medical care
c. The tendency to ask questions differently or probe more if it is known that the person has the disease
d. Quantifies the amount of risk due to a certain characteristic Ire/IRo
e. The ability of a test instrument to measure what it is supposed to measure
f. Identified by pre-existing records developed in the past
g. Accumulated period of time each person is in the study
h. Percent of all true non-cases correctly identified
i. Reliability between more than one research assistant or observer
j. Examples: all new employees within a hospital, all new students in the first grade
Q:
Specificity
Match the descriptor with the correct term.
a. Faulty memory
b. The tendency to select persons under frequent medical care
c. The tendency to ask questions differently or probe more if it is known that the person has the disease
d. Quantifies the amount of risk due to a certain characteristic Ire/IRo
e. The ability of a test instrument to measure what it is supposed to measure
f. Identified by pre-existing records developed in the past
g. Accumulated period of time each person is in the study
h. Percent of all true non-cases correctly identified
i. Reliability between more than one research assistant or observer
j. Examples: all new employees within a hospital, all new students in the first grade
Q:
Recall bias
Match the descriptor with the correct term.
a. Faulty memory
b. The tendency to select persons under frequent medical care
c. The tendency to ask questions differently or probe more if it is known that the person has the disease
d. Quantifies the amount of risk due to a certain characteristic Ire/IRo
e. The ability of a test instrument to measure what it is supposed to measure
f. Identified by pre-existing records developed in the past
g. Accumulated period of time each person is in the study
h. Percent of all true non-cases correctly identified
i. Reliability between more than one research assistant or observer
j. Examples: all new employees within a hospital, all new students in the first grade
Q:
Interobserver reliability
Match the descriptor with the correct term.
a. Faulty memory
b. The tendency to select persons under frequent medical care
c. The tendency to ask questions differently or probe more if it is known that the person has the disease
d. Quantifies the amount of risk due to a certain characteristic Ire/IRo
e. The ability of a test instrument to measure what it is supposed to measure
f. Identified by pre-existing records developed in the past
g. Accumulated period of time each person is in the study
h. Percent of all true non-cases correctly identified
i. Reliability between more than one research assistant or observer
j. Examples: all new employees within a hospital, all new students in the first grade
Q:
Validity
Match the descriptor with the correct term.
a. Faulty memory
b. The tendency to select persons under frequent medical care
c. The tendency to ask questions differently or probe more if it is known that the person has the disease
d. Quantifies the amount of risk due to a certain characteristic Ire/IRo
e. The ability of a test instrument to measure what it is supposed to measure
f. Identified by pre-existing records developed in the past
g. Accumulated period of time each person is in the study
h. Percent of all true non-cases correctly identified
i. Reliability between more than one research assistant or observer
j. Examples: all new employees within a hospital, all new students in the first grade
Q:
Cohort
Match the descriptor with the correct term.
a. Faulty memory
b. The tendency to select persons under frequent medical care
c. The tendency to ask questions differently or probe more if it is known that the person has the disease
d. Quantifies the amount of risk due to a certain characteristic Ire/IRo
e. The ability of a test instrument to measure what it is supposed to measure
f. Identified by pre-existing records developed in the past
g. Accumulated period of time each person is in the study
h. Percent of all true non-cases correctly identified
i. Reliability between more than one research assistant or observer
j. Examples: all new employees within a hospital, all new students in the first grade
Q:
Historical cohort
Match the descriptor with the correct term.
a. Faulty memory
b. The tendency to select persons under frequent medical care
c. The tendency to ask questions differently or probe more if it is known that the person has the disease
d. Quantifies the amount of risk due to a certain characteristic Ire/IRo
e. The ability of a test instrument to measure what it is supposed to measure
f. Identified by pre-existing records developed in the past
g. Accumulated period of time each person is in the study
h. Percent of all true non-cases correctly identified
i. Reliability between more than one research assistant or observer
j. Examples: all new employees within a hospital, all new students in the first grade
Q:
Selection bias
Match the descriptor with the correct term.
a. Faulty memory
b. The tendency to select persons under frequent medical care
c. The tendency to ask questions differently or probe more if it is known that the person has the disease
d. Quantifies the amount of risk due to a certain characteristic Ire/IRo
e. The ability of a test instrument to measure what it is supposed to measure
f. Identified by pre-existing records developed in the past
g. Accumulated period of time each person is in the study
h. Percent of all true non-cases correctly identified
i. Reliability between more than one research assistant or observer
j. Examples: all new employees within a hospital, all new students in the first grade
Q:
Relative risk
Match the descriptor with the correct term.
a. Faulty memory
b. The tendency to select persons under frequent medical care
c. The tendency to ask questions differently or probe more if it is known that the person has the disease
d. Quantifies the amount of risk due to a certain characteristic Ire/IRo
e. The ability of a test instrument to measure what it is supposed to measure
f. Identified by pre-existing records developed in the past
g. Accumulated period of time each person is in the study
h. Percent of all true non-cases correctly identified
i. Reliability between more than one research assistant or observer
j. Examples: all new employees within a hospital, all new students in the first grade
Q:
The odds ratio is an estimate of the relative risk an individual has if he or she is exposed to a certain characteristic/risk factor. It is determined as part of which study design?
a. Prevalence or cross-sectional study
b. Case-control study
c. Prospective/incidence study
d. Clinical trial
Q:
In a case-control study, why are the cases and controls often matched on variables such as age and sex?
a. So that cases and controls are similar except for the disease and health characteristic under study
b. So that cases and controls are similar for all aspects of the study
c. So that cases and controls are similar except for the disease under study only
d. So that cases and controls are similar except for the health characteristic only
Q:
Which study concurrently describes characteristics and health outcomes at one specific point or period in time?
a. Case-control study
b. Prospective study
c. Prevalence or cross-sectional study
d. Clinical trial
Q:
What should be included in the significance section of a research proposal?
a. Goals or objectives
b. Importance of the research project
c. Step-by-step account of what will be done in the study
d. Data collection instrument
Q:
What is a tentative assertion called that is assumed by the researcher but not positively known until it is tested?
a. Specific aims
b. Hypothesis
c. Methodology
d. Significance
Q:
Results of a clinical trial show that 55 patients who received laser surgery for nearsightedness had severe nausea and vomiting after the procedure. The same local anesthetic was administered to all 55 patients. What information do you need to determine whether the anesthetic led to the nausea and vomiting these laser surgery patients had after their procedure?
a. The denominator
b. The numerator
c. The ratio
d. The proportion
Q:
The incidence rate of the exposed group divided by the incidence rate of the unexposed group is the formula to determine the
a. Relative risk.
b. Odds ratio.
c. Incidence.
d. Prevalence.
Q:
The average length of stay for a patient who was admitted and died on the same day is 1 day.
Q:
The standard deviation is the most common measure of variation and is represented by the symbol S.
Q:
The number of medications a person is taking is an example of ordinal data.
Q:
What would be the numerator for calculating the incidence rate of cardiovascular disease in the study?
Q:
It appears from the information that the leadership perceptions of the majority of students improved as a result of their clinical internship in management. Do you agree or disagree? Explain.
Q:
What kind of data is shown?
Q:
Which hospital had the fewest admissions for September?
Q:
Which hospital drew the fewest patients from the city?
Q:
Which hospital appears to be located in the suburbs?
Q:
What kind of data is shown?
Q:
What is the median LOS for patients having nosocomial viral pneumonia?
Q:
What is the mean LOS for patients having community-acquired viral pneumonia?
Q:
In which column is the ratio specified?
Q:
Which fiscal agent provided more covered care for females than for others?
Q:
What kind of data is shown?
Q:
What was the relative frequency for the data in the 10,000-14,999 interval?
Q:
What kind of data is shown?
Q:
The _________________________ demonstrates how values are spread around the mean and is the square root of the variance.
Q:
The ____________________ is the difference between the highest and lowest values.
Q:
____________________ is a measure of how often data are classified in the same manner.
Q:
The ____________________ denotes the middlemost value when the values are arranged in numerical order.
Q:
A whole number divided in 100 parts is a ____________________.
Q:
The ____________________ is the average number of observations.
Q:
The average lengths of stay in the intensive care, cardiac care, and intermediate care units were 13, 7, and 4 days, respectively. The three units have seen 18, 10, and 18 patients, respectively. What was the weighted average length of stay?
a. 6.2 days
b. 7.4 days
c. 7.9 days
d. 8.2 days
Q:
Ten patients were discharged from the obstetrical service on May 4 at Rocky Mountain Hospital. The day's stay for each patient was 3, 2, 1, 1, 6, 5, 1, 2, 2, and 4. What was the range for these patients' length of stay?
a. 5
b. 4
c. 3
d. 6
Q:
Ten patients were discharged from the obstetrical service on May 4 at Rocky Mountain Hospital. The day's stay for each patient was 3, 2, 1, 1, 6, 5, 1, 2, 2, and 4. What was(were) the mode(s) for these patients?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 1 and 2
d. 3
Q:
Ten patients were discharged from the obstetrical service on May 4 at Rocky Mountain Hospital. The day's stay for each patient was 3, 2, 1, 1, 6, 5, 1, 2, 2, and 4. What was the median day's stay for these patients?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4