Q&A Hero

Q: Which one of the following officers in a health care organization is responsible for developing a strategic plan for supporting the mission and goals of the organization? a. CEO b. COO c. CFO d. CIO

Q: Which one of the following officers in a health care organization serves as a liaison between the medical staff and the governing board? a. CEO b. COO c. CFO d. CIO

Q: All the following activities are a legitimate function of a hospital governing board except a. Delineation of clinical privileges. b. Financial stability of organization. c. Appointment of the president of the medical staff. d. Legal responsibility for the care provided.

Q: Which one of the following legislative acts led to a rapid increase in the construction of new hospitals, purchase of equipment, and renovation of existing hospitals? a. Hill-Burton Act b. Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act c. Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act d. Patient Self-Determination Act

Q: Which one of the following statements is true about the organization of community hospital governing boards? a. The membership is composed of employees who are empowered to conduct business on behalf of other employees. b. Members are salaried individuals who have a legal responsibility for the quality of care. c. The membership is composed of a diverse group, each of whom has a skill that is of value to the function of the board. d. The membership is composed largely of individuals who have a medical background.

Q: In addition to psychiatric care, what is the primary focus of health care in a psychiatric facility? a. Clinical laboratory and pathology services b. Restorative and adjustive services c. Psychological and social services d. Occupational and rehabilitative services

Q: How would a facility be classified by the American Hospital Association if the length of stay for its inpatients averaged 4.8 days? a. Long-term care b. Acute care c. Tertiary care d. Trauma care

Q: Which one of the following is most likely to be a state-financed health care facility? a. Public health service hospital b. Long-term psychiatric institution c. District hospital d. Veterans Administration hospital

Q: How would the ownership of a community hospital be classified by the American Hospital Association? a. Local, government-owned b. Voluntary, for-profit c. Voluntary, not-for-profit d. Investor-owned

Q: Which type of health insurance program would a retired army general be eligible for? a. Tricare b. Medicaid c. CHAMPUS d. Merchant Seaman Health Care

Q: Which classification of hospitals is organized for profit according to the American Hospital Association? a. State owned b. Federally owned c. Proprietary d. Voluntary

Q: Unbalanced coverage springs from news-making process rather than ideological bias.

Q: News is a product of audience preference, not a mirror of society.

Q: Economic pressure means that journalists have more competition and less time and resources to investigate and develop their stories.

Q: Media watchers and critics have few concerns about citizen journalism and its ability to fill coverage gaps left by eroding traditional media.

Q: Mobile audiences for news are growing rapidly.

Q: The Internet has reduced the power and influence of traditional media, even while providing new platforms for their content.

Q: Name a few features of new technologies that have the potential for generating major political change.

Q: What is citizen journalism? How is it different from traditional journalism?

Q: What are some possible negative consequences of media fragmentation and specialization?

Q: What is the objectivity norm? Where did it come from and what is the justification for it? What are some of the news content related consequences of the objectivity norm? On the whole, do you think the objectivity norm is a helpful thing or a harmful thing? Why?

Q: What are some ways the Internet has transformed journalism?

Q: Link the various information biases or structural biases we have learned about this term to the commercially oriented media system we have in the United States. Does our media system lead to the pervasiveness of such biases? How? What does all this together mean for what we get in our political news? Are there any solutions?

Q: What are some of the areas most in need of reform when it comes to federal regulation of broadcast media? Essay

Q: Whats more common, partisan news bias, affective news bias, or informational news bias? Which of these is most harmful from a democratic perspective? Why? What is the origin of this kind of bias? How could it be curbed?

Q: Do journalists and gatekeepers do a good job in selecting the types of news and entertainment they cover? Do they allot appropriate time and space to each of these categories? If not, what should they do differently? If so, is there room for improvement?

Q: The government agency regulating communication technologies is ______. A. FEC B. FCC C. SEC D. none of these

Q: How is content from the blogosphere different from traditional news content? Are the differences important? Why or why not? What advice might you offer citizens who utilize blogs as a source of political information?

Q: Journalists report which of the following as the biggest problem facing journalism overall? A. partisan cable news B. broken business model C. audience disinterest D. all of these E. none of these

Q: What should citizen-relevant news contain? What kinds of information do democratic citizens need for effective participation in governance? To what extent does our current media system provide such news?

Q: Exhausted election news audiences reported too much coverage of candidate experience and issue stances during the 2016 campaign.

Q: Why is it difficult to produce news content that is a mirror reflection of reality? To what extent is it a problem that news is not a perfect representation of reality? Is it a problem at all? If so, what can be fixed?

Q: Now that audiences have a lot of choices among media outlets, trust in media is on the rise.

Q: How are media outlets coping with the move away from the ad revenue model of journalism? How will good journalism be financed in the future? What successful models exist now?

Q: How does micro-targeting work? Explain the steps and assess the success and desirability or problems related to these kinds of strategic tactics.

Q: Structural media biases are far more common than political media biases.

Q: Describe and assess the consequences of media-dominated politics. How are media so influential? Is their role and power appropriate? Is the role of the media too powerful, not powerful enough, or just about right? Explain.

Q: What are the three major types of media bias that have been identified by scholarship and public debate?

Q: Describe how have the media venues on which and through which politicians appear changed over time with changes to the media landscape. What are the implications?

Q: Name and briefly define three of the four information biases.

Q: Where do most Americans think news bias comes from? A. consumer demand B. the biases of journalists within news organizations C. the sources consulted by reporters D. owners

Q: What is demand-side media bias? What is supply-side media bias?

Q: What are the four information biases that actually matter? A. fragmentation, personalization, dramatization, and ideological bias B. the authority-disorder bias, informational, personalization, and dramatization bias C. dramatization, fragmentation, personalization, and the authority-disorder bias D. none of these

Q: What are some common forms of negative political news content?

Q: Which of the following is largely to blame for negativity in campaign news coverage? A. the norms and routines of journalism B. the economics of news C. the campaigns behaviors and tactics D. the preferences of audiences E. all of these

Q: Describe negative consequences that may come from game frame campaign coverage.

Q: Of the three broad categories of media bias described in the textbook, which two are the most systematic and pervasive, according to research? A. affective and informational biases B. partisan and ideological biases C. partisan and affective biases D. ideological and informational biases E. ideological and affective biases

Q: What is the relationship between candidate behavior and negativity in campaign news coverage?

Q: Which of the following are worrisome possible consequences from incivility in political news? A. public cynicism B. inability to see credible arguments from the other side C. distrust of government and institutions D. none of these E. all of these

Q: What is a thematic news frame? Briefly describe and/or give an example. What is an episodic news frame? Briefly describe and/or give an example.

Q: Though audiences like it, critics complain about horserace coverage because of which of the following? A. It offers little relevant information for general election voters. B. It persuades people to like the winning candidate. C. It crowds more substantive stories out of the small news hole reserved for politics. D. A and C only

Q: What do we mean when we distinguish between supply-side media bias and demand-side media bias? Is one more problematic than the other? Why or why not? Which is more verified empirically? In your answer be sure to define both types of media bias and explain the difference before answering the second part of the question.

Q: Which of the following do journalists most often list as the main reason people distrust the media today? A. media errors B. general mistrust of institutions C. political polarization in mass public D. belief that media is corporate puppet E. all of these

Q: There are some positive aspects of partisan news.

Q: The fact that audiences are active means that there is less concern about persuasive effects from partisan news.

Q: What is the attack the frontrunner strategy?

Q: Demand-side bias comes from catering to the preferences of audiences.

Q: How do the routines of journalism influence the coverage and electoral advantages and disadvantages of incumbents and challengers?

Q: The most pervasive and systematic effect from media bias is persuasion.

Q: According to John Geer, why is there a reciprocal relationship between negative campaign ads and news coverage?

Q: Affective news biases are, in part, a response to the human negativity bias.

Q: Explain the recent trend which is the exception to campaign reporting free of useful information for evaluating the truth of competing claims between candidates.

Q: Negativity and incivility are examples of information bias in news.

Q: What is the main reason for uniformity in election coverage? A. the professional socialization of journalists B. uniformity in campaign behavior C. uniformity across candidates, events, and issues D. all of these

Q: Coverage focused on ______ makes up the bulk of campaign news coverage. A. policy issues B. the horse race C. candidate professional qualifications D. candidate personal traits

Q: What are the three main categories of uses and gratifications?

Q: When researchers looked at exposure to cross-ideology content on social media, they found which of the following? A. Social networks are somewhat diverse. B. Social networks are completely homogeneous (similar). C. People are hardly ever exposed to cross-ideology content. D. People are exposed to cross-ideology content, but not as often as like-minded content. E. A and D only

Q: What do cognitive balance theories tell us about news avoidance?

Q: Which of the following is an interesting little-known fact about candidate strategies in 2016? A. Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton invested heavily in social media. B. Donald Trump posted on social media more than Hillary Clinton. C. Hillary Clinton spent more on television ads than Donald Trump. D. Hillary Clinton posted on social media more than Donald Trump. E. All of these

Q: What is partisan selective exposure?

Q: Which of the following aspects of campaigning are relatively new and arrived as digital media technologies became more prevalent? A. microtargeting B. analytics C. personalization D. all of these E. none of these

Q: Describe the agenda-setting process.

Q: There is empirical evidence for a reciprocal relationship between negative political advertising and negative campaign news coverage.

Q: Name some common deterrents to political learning.

Q: News media use the horse race frame a lot in campaign coverage because it sells.

Q: How is learning from print media different from audiovisual media?

Q: What are three major ways that media influence high profile elections?

Q: What is political socialization?

Q: Briefly, compare and contrast political media bias with structural media bias.

Q: Do media stories really shape the thinking and behavior patterns of countless Americans? Are peoples values and attitudes about social and political issues influenced substantially by what they read, hear, and see? Do desirable and undesirable behaviors in television fiction and news programs produce imitations in real life? How much do people learn from the media, and what, precisely, do they learn?