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Q:
The Supreme Court case of Miami Herald Publishing Company v. Tornillo (1974) dealt with which of the following?
A. print press rights
B. the constitutionality of a Florida statue
C. the right to immediate reply when attacked by a newspaper
D. all of these
Q:
How to curb online hate speech is an emerging and complex challenge facing governments, nonprofits and corporations around the world.
Q:
The doctrine of executive privilege refers to ______.
A. chief executives ability to make and enforce restrictions on press access
B. chief executives right to conceal information they consider sensitive
C. chief executives power to take action against staff members who leak information
D. all of these
Q:
What are the three environments that are critical to press freedom?
Q:
In what case did the Supreme Court find that defendants had not had a fair trial because of widespread media publicity? A. Shepherd v. Florida (1951) B. Sheppard v. Maxwell (1966) C. all of these D. none of these
Q:
Compare and contrast controlled versus uncontrolled media.
Q:
Only about a third of the worlds countries have full press freedom.
Q:
The Supreme Court has denied that the press has a constitutional right of special access to nonpublic information. Discuss some examples of restrictions on media access.
Q:
Nearly 70% of countries are only partly free or are not free at all, according to Freedom House.
Q:
Name three hurdles limiting the usefulness of the Freedom of Information Act for news personnel.
Q:
The United States is generally considered to have press freedom, but its rating is far from perfect.
Q:
What are shield laws and why are they important for journalists?
Q:
Press freedom ratings are based only on legal, regulatory, and political controls on media content.
Q:
What makes the Sullivan rule challenging for public officials?
Q:
Columbia and Mexico have high rates of press freedom.
Q:
What are the national security challenges of a free press? What challenges does the post9/11 national security environment present for journalists? What are the tradeoffs between transparency and security?
Q:
An important constraint on press freedom is the extent to which journalists are under threats of violence.
Q:
Concerns over Slacktivism deal with ______.
A. whether political activism is declining among youths
B. whether working remotely from home erodes professionalization
C. whether the digitally enabled ease of clicking to join, volunteer, or sign up for something diminishes its meaning
D. all of these
Q:
Danger for journalists around the world is on the decline.
Q:
The only way government in the United States can limit press is through prior restraint.
Q:
Journalists' reliance on officials as sources is one effective manner of information control.
Q:
The American public is highly cognizant of First Amendment rights and enthusiastically defend them.
Q:
Digital media are more tightly controlled by the U.S. government than broadcast television.
Q:
Where does most public broadcasting revenue come from in the United States?
A. federal government
B. business
C. subscribers
D. other
Q:
Which of the following audience age groups is most prized for news organizations?
A. 2535
B. 3649
C. 50+
D. 1824
Q:
To what types of demographic characteristics do advertisers pay most attention to as indicators of programming preferences?
A. gender
B. age
C. education and income
D. primarily a and b
E. all of these
Q:
Usual ratings giant _____ was beaten by debates during the 2016 primary elections.
A. NFL Sunday Night Football
B. Greys Anatomy
C. Homeland
D. Big Bang Theory
Q:
Civic journalism refers to the fact that this kind of journalism is best for teaching civic facts.
Q:
Which of the following platform is seeing the most growth for news use? A. online news B. TV C. newspapers D. social media
Q:
The Chinese government has developed sophisticated methods for monitoring information on the Internet.
Q:
Normally, private sector ownership means that entertainment beats public affairs.
Q:
Government influence is the primary determinant of what and how things get covered in the U.S. media system.
Q:
As cable channel providers and the number of television channels per household has increased, audience shares for the three major broadcast networks have decreased.
Q:
It is said that media images are especially potent when they involve aspects of life that people experience only through the media. Why?
Q:
More than 60% of the public now get their news on social networking sites such as Facebook.
Q:
Name three of the four major societal functions performed by the mass media.
Q:
Name and briefly describe at least two business configurations of private media ownership.
Q:
Why is there a discrepancy between common perceptions of media influence and social science appraisals of media influence?
Q:
Why do some critics have concerns about conglomerates owning media enterprises?
Q:
Compare and contrast media roles under authoritarian regimes and democratic regimes.
Q:
What are the three additional factors (beyond ownership) that need to be considered when evaluating media influence?
Q:
Compare and contrast social responsibility journalism and totalitarian journalism.
Q:
What are the four forms of FCC control?
Q:
List at least four of the five models of news making.
Essay
Q:
What are the major issues of debate regarding media ownership and regulation? Lay out the arguments for both sides (including the information trends media critics and scholars are concerned about) and discuss the implications for democracy.
Q:
Explain the evolution of social science appraisals of media effects from the era of minimal effects to current appraisals of media effects.
Q:
What is the role of the media in democracies? What should it be? How well do the media in the United States fulfill that role? Is our media all that it should be in democratic terms? Why or why not?
Q:
What are the five models of news making? Describe and define each. Discuss how or whether these models reflect reality.
Q:
Outline the various important consequences of a commercially oriented media system such as ours. In doing so, explain how commercial pressures often shape political news content and how or why it matters.
Q:
What are the two key factors that influence media performance?
A. the FEC and regulation
B. investigative reporting and the availability of information
C. regulatory policy and market forces
D. the lack of government funding and donations
E. none of these
Q:
What are the advantages and disadvantages of big business control over substantial portions of the publics news supply?
Q:
________ is when journalists expose misconduct in government and produce reforms A. Feeding frenzy B. Muckraking C. Agenda setting D. All of these
Q:
Even though it is on the decline, television news is still the platform most people rely on primarily for news.
Q:
Socialization refers to the process where one learns the values and orientations that help them fit in their social environment.
Q:
Interpretation is one of the major functions of the mass media.
Q:
Which of the following statements reflects an assumption of democratic regimes? A. Governments know and serve peoples best interests. B. News should support major policies. C. News should stimulate critical thinking about major policies. D. All of these
Q:
Why is the mass media politically important?
A. News stories take millions of Americans, in all walks of life, to the political and military battlefields of the world.
B. They allow the public to share political experiences, such as watching political debates or congressional investigations.
C. Media experiences undergird public opinions and political actions.
D. all of these
Q:
What type of media has the largest news audience?
A. the Internet
B. newspapers
C. television news
D. radio
Q:
What does it mean to muckrake? Muckraking refers to ______.
A. politicians engaging in reform efforts
B. news organizations scooping of other news organizations on a story
C. journalists investigation of corruption
D. All of these
Q:
Which of the following methods is not useful in the facilitation of both evidence-based practice and research through the identification of questions, location of literature, systematic reviews, and resources?
1. Electronic literature searches
2. Online discussion groups
3. Comparative effectiveness research (CER)
4. Digital libraries
Q:
A busy, inner city CCU has had a record number of nosocomial infections during the month of December. The head nurse held a meeting with the department to begin a systematic review process of all of the infected patients. In order to facilitate the collection of relevant data, she can eliminate a barrier to the collection of data by the point of care staff through which of the following?
1. Allowing nurses who are comfortable with the research process to collect data
2. Hiring a consultant to create the research process and collect data
3. Providing workshops and preceptors to guide the nurses
4. Asking the staff to work an extra hour per week to facilitate collection
Q:
Which of the following technologies does collaborative computing not use to achieve its goals?
1. E-mail and desktop videoconferencing
2. Digital libraries
3. Handheld devices
4. Shared databases
Q:
Which of the following activities are involved in producing a thorough and comprehensive review of research databases?
Standard Text: Select all that apply.
1. Understanding the process of comprehensive and systematic search of databases
2. Selecting and appraising relevant studies
3. Extracting relevant information from the research articles that have been found to be scientifically rigorous and meritorious
4. Developing competency and skills in extracting relevant information
5. Structuring the results of the systematic review in a clear and succinct manner
Q:
Which form of technology has recently been designated as useful at the point of care?
1. Computer on wheels
2. Monitoring DVDs
3. Portable Dynamap
4. Personal digital assistant
Q:
The electronic health record (EHR) provides the database needed to support research and evidence-based practice. Which of the following best depicts the use of the EHR in the collection of data?
1. Only experienced clinicians understand the usage of EHR data.
2. Incorporation of evidence-based guidelines into the EHR can improve the quality of care.
3. Extrapolating data from an EHR can be a lengthy process and counterproductive.
4. The EHR can be a reservoir for research studies.
Q:
_______________________ provide up-to-date information from peer-reviewed data-based research.
Standard Text:
Q:
It is important for nurses to bridge the gap between practice and research to promote safe, evidence-based nursing care. One of the best ways to close this gap is by which of the following?
1. Extrapolate data from the electronic health record (EHR).
2. Write all patient data in the nurse's station notebook.
3. Analyze singular pieces of data and note its relevance to all patients.
4. Keep data that seem irrelevant from the research committee.
Q:
Which type of research is best suited for using nurmetrics?
1. The compilation of unified medical language systems into a universal language
2. The collapsing of databases into one large data set for research purposes
3. The generation and testing of new models of health care delivery using computers
4. The collection of data to create a uniform data set for nursing care and outcomes
Q:
Data collection via the Internet can offer special advantages. Which of the following tools also facilitates research?
Standard Text: Select all that apply.
1. Electronic databases
2. Online group discussions
3. Privacy standards
4. Cookies
5. Digital libraries
Q:
Which of the following is an advantage of uniform nursing languages, such as The Omaha System?
1. Standards for information systems are no longer needed.
2. Nursing data may be collected only in similar health care settings.
3. All contain the same type of data on nursing care and outcomes.
4. Studies using the same language may be replicated more easily.
Q:
____________________________________ have the capacity to locate a plethora of research, data, and information in a rapid period of time.
Standard Text:
Q:
Data mining supports sifting through large volumes of data at rapid speeds. In which instance would the use of data mining be inappropriate?
1. To provide information that may enhance the company's market share
2. To hide confidential information in databases using real values
3. To identify common factors relating to medication errors
4. To search databases to review trends in the health care arena
Q:
Which of the following is essential to provide the means to search the literature and apply clinical knowledge, improving practice and safety as well as meeting the standards of excellence required for regulatory and credentialing standards and Magnet status?
1. Information technology tools
2. Computerized databases
3. Technology websites
4. Online libraries
Q:
A nurse researcher selects a notebook computer to collect data for a research study. Which statement regarding data collection using mobile devices is accurate?
1. Transcription errors may occur during data transmission.
2. An interactive data collection tool may not be appealing to the participant.
3. Time and costs relating to scrubbing data are usually much reduced.
4. Redundant data entry may occur until the researcher becomes more skilled.
Q:
__________________________ is an approach to providing care that integrates nursing experience and intuition with valid and current clinical research to achieve the best patient outcomes
Standard Text:
Q:
From a health information technology perspective, health care research has faced some impediments. Which of the following has impeded health care research?
Standard Text: Select all that apply.
1. Slow adoption of uniform languages
2. Limited funding
3. Rapid adoption of data exchange standards
4. Confidentiality of private health information (PHI)
5. Failure to attain a birth-to-death electronic health record (EHR)
Q:
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) requires health care providers and insurers to obtain additional documentation from researchers related to assurances of patient safety and confidentiality. Which of the following is the key concern about human subjects in health care research?
1. That all subjects are protected from the researcher getting access to their confidential information before disclosing their health information
2. That authorization is still required even if an institutional review board grants a waiver or alteration of authorization requirements
3. That authorization is still required even if information has been de-identified according to Privacy Rule standards
4. That one signed authorization form for research is valid for a current research study and covers any future research projects
Q:
Constant changes in health care and its delivery creates challenges for clinicians to keep abreast of the latest evidence-based practice (EBP) findings and recommendations. What can health care professionals do in order to narrow the time in synthesizing research from the "bench" to the client's "bedside"?
Standard Text: Select all that apply.
1. Use available toolkits to locate existing guidelines and develop EBP guidelines.
2. Locate nursing research Web links.
3. Enroll in a doctoral program.
4. Foster health care informatics skills.
5. Join a focused online discussion group to help identify specific areas for EBP or original research.
Q:
Which of the following statements about evidence-based practice (EBP) is true?
1. Hospitals have not yet begun to build EBP into their clinical ladders.
2. The standards of practice are not currently established with evidence-based competencies.
3. Staff nurses indicate higher levels of familiarity with EBP than advanced practice nurses.
4. A number of facilities now consider EBP to be part of everyday clinical practice.
Q:
A program outcome essential for health care students is that they be skilled in which of the following?
1. Electronic spreadsheet applications
2. Electronic database management applications
3. Applications that facilitate electronic literature searches
4. Electronic slide presentation applications