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Q:
Which of the following is NOT a cause of unequal pupils?
A) Fright
B) Artificial eye
C) Stroke
D) Eye injury
Q:
What is the normal response of the pupils when exposed to bright light?
A) Fluttering
B) Dilation
C) Constriction
D) No effect
Q:
When the EMT checks the pupils he or she is checking for what three things?
A) Movement, gaze, and equality
B) Color, equality, and reactivity
C) Reactivity, gaze, and equality
D) Size, equality, and reactivity
Q:
Your patient is in late stages of liver failure and has requested to be transported to the emergency department. You take your body substance isolation and move him to your cot and notice his skin is warm and dry with a yellow color. Your radio report to the hospital should state your patient is:
A) flushed.
B) mottled.
C) jaundiced.
D) cyanotic.
Q:
Which of the following is the BEST way to assess a patient's skin temperature?
A) Place your cheek against the patient's forehead.
B) Place the back of your hand against the patient's forehead.
C) Place your cheek against the patient's abdomen.
D) Place the back of your hand against the patient's abdomen.
Q:
The term cyanosis is used when the patient's skin color is noted to be which of the following characteristics?
A) Yellow
B) Blue-gray
C) Very pale
D) Flushed
Q:
You are called to care for a child who has fallen out of a third-story window. You arrive to find the child in his mother's arms. As you approach, you notice the child's skin is pale with dark spots of cyanosis. You would report this uncommon condition of blotchy skin as:
A) mottling.
B) flushed.
C) jaundiced.
D) cyanotic.
Q:
The increase in the work of breathing is reported as:
A) labored breathing.
B) troubled breathing.
C) noisy breathing.
D) obstructed breathing.
Q:
You are assessing a 55-year-old male complaining of chest pain and have determined that his radial pulse is barely palpable. You also determine that there were 20 pulsations over a span of 30 seconds. Based on this, how would you report this patient's pulse?
A) Pulse 20, weak, and regular
B) Pulse 20 and weak
C) Pulse 40 and weak
D) Pulse 40, weak, and irregular
Q:
In a conscious adult patient, which of the following pulses should be assessed initially?
A) Brachial
B) Radial
C) Carotid
D) Pedal
Q:
Recording and documenting your patient's first set of vital signs is very important because, when combined with reassessments, it allows you to do which of the following?
A) Make an accurate diagnosis of the patient's illness.
B) Compare your patient's condition with other patients' conditions.
C) Discover trends and changes in the patient's condition.
D) Fill in all of the blanks on the patient care report form.
Q:
Vital signs should be reassessed every ________ minutes for a stable patient.
A) 15
B) 10
C) 5
D) 20
Q:
Where do baseline vital signs fit into the sequence of patient assessment?
A) Ongoing assessment
B) At primary assessment
C) At secondary assessment
D) At the patient's side
Q:
How often should a patient's vital signs be reassessed during transport to the hospital after he has had his pulse restored with CPR and the use of an AED?
A) Every 10 minutes
B) Every 15 minutes
C) Every 2 minutes
D) Every 5 minutes
Q:
You respond to a cafeteria to find an unconscious person with gurgling sounds upon exhalation and inhalation. What is the probable cause of the respiratory sounds?
A) Cardiac arrest
B) Complete airway obstruction
C) Fluids in the airway
D) Tongue blocking the airway
Q:
A patient being transported by ambulance to the hospital can have his blood pressure measured by which of the following methods?
A) Blood pressure monitor
B) Palpation
C) Auscultation
D) Any of the above
Q:
You are approaching an adult female lying supine on the ground with snoring respirations. You should:
A) open her airway with a jaw-thrust maneuver.
B) insert an oropharyngeal airway.
C) insert a nasopharyngeal airway.
D) ventilate with a bag-valve mask.
Q:
Your partner is assessing a 55-year-old man who was found sitting on the tailgate of his truck after being involved in a motor vehicle collision. In order to provide for stabilization of the patient's cervical spine, you should:
A) lay the patient down in the truck bed.
B) instruct the patient to stand up.
C) stand behind the patient in the truck bed.
D) assist the patient to the stretcher.
Q:
Which of the following findings is generally NOT used to assess an adult's circulation?
A) Patient's skin color, temperature, and condition
B) Patient's distal pulse rate
C) Evaluation for bleeding
D) Patient's capillary refill time
Q:
During the primary assessment of an unresponsive two-month old infant, which pulse should be palpated?
A) Brachial
B) Carotid
C) Umbilical
D) Radial
Q:
Which of the following differences should be expected when assessing a pediatric patient, as compared to the adult patient?
A) The normal pulse rate is slower.
B) Capillary refill is not as reliable an indicator of circulatory status.
C) The normal respiratory rate is faster.
D) An adult's tongue is proportionally larger than that of a child and should always be considered as a potential airway obstruction.
Q:
Which of the following is the proper position for maintaining the airway in a child with a decreased level of consciousness?
A) Hyperextension of the neck; placing a pillow under the back if necessary
B) Placing the head and neck in a neutral position; using a folded towel under the shoulders if necessary
C) Flexing the neck to place the chin on the chest; placing a folded towel under the back of the head if necessary
D) Using a cervical collar to keep the chin elevated
Q:
What is a normal capillary refill time in a pediatric patient?
A) 3 seconds
B) 1 minute
C) 5 seconds
D) less than 2 seconds
Q:
Which of the following is the correct manner for checking for responsiveness in an apparently unresponsive infant?
A) Pinching the earlobe
B) Rubbing the sternum with your knuckles
C) Flicking the soles of the feet
D) Shaking the child
Q:
Which of the following indicates a possible circulatory problem?
A) Weak, thready pulse that is normal in rate
B) Slow pulse
C) Rapid pulse
D) All of the above
Q:
Your patient is a 33-year-old man who has been ejected from his vehicle during a high-speed collision. During your primary assessment it is discovered that he is not moving, does not appear to have adequate respirations, and has suffered moderate external bleeding. Which of the following should be done first?
A) Control the bleeding with direct pressure.
B) Open the airway.
C) Begin bag-valve-mask ventilations.
D) Check the patient's carotid pulse.
Q:
You have arrived on the scene at a high school football field where a 17-year-old male is lying on the ground. He is unresponsive and cyanotic, and he is making obvious respiratory effort without moving adequate amounts of air. Which of the following should be done first?
A) Assist ventilations with a bag-valve-mask device and supplemental oxygen.
B) Open the patient's airway using a manual maneuver.
C) Apply high-concentration oxygen by nonrebreather mask.
D) Insert a nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal airway.
Q:
Which of the following is a good indication of an occluded airway?
A) The patient is crying loudly.
B) The patient is speaking clearly.
C) The patient is alert.
D) The patient has snoring respirations.
Q:
Which of the following is the most reliable means of determining whether a patient has any immediately life-threatening conditions?
A) Systematic approach to assessment
B) Obtaining a detailed medical history
C) Thorough scene size-up
D) Use of intuition
Q:
You find a teenage male lying supine in his bedroom. You hear gurgling sounds from the patient's mouth and see vomit with pill fragments on the floor. You should:
A) ventilate with oxygen.
B) suction the airway.
C) identify the pills.
D) perform chest thrusts.
Q:
You are approaching a 16-year-old male with bright red spurting blood coming from his leg. He is screaming, and he begs you to help him. You should:
A) control the bleeding.
B) ask him to calm down.
C) assess his airway.
D) apply oxygen.
Q:
Which of the following patients is a high priority for transport?
A) Adult male with dull abdominal pain
B) Adult male with sharp lower back pain
C) Adult male with a headache
D) Adult male with difficulty breathing
Q:
Your patient is a 42-year-old woman who fell two feet from a ladder and is complaining of pain in her ankle. Which of the following are you unable to determine from the information given?
A) Chief complaint
B) Airway status
C) General impression
D) Transport priority
Q:
During the primary assessment of a responsive adult patient, where should the pulse be checked?
A) At the radial artery
B) At the femoral artery
C) At the brachial artery
D) At the carotid artery
Q:
For which of the following patients would capillary refill be a reliable sign of circulatory status?
A) 24-year-old homeless man who has spent the night outside in the rain
B) 92-year-old man complaining of weakness on his right side
C) 50-year-old woman complaining of chest pain
D) 3-year-old child with a fever and cough
Q:
In the primary assessment, which of the following is NOT an acceptable method of assessing the patient's circulatory status?
A) Assessing the patient's skin color
B) Taking a blood pressure reading
C) Checking a radial pulse
D) Looking for serious bleeding
Q:
Which of the following presentations would be considered normal during the "Breathing" phase of the primary assessment?
A) Respiratory rate of 6 with shallow depth
B) Respiratory rate of 28 with adequate depth
C) Respiratory rate of 12 with adequate depth
D) Respiratory rate of 16 with altered mental status
Q:
You enter a room to find a 16-year-old female sitting upright in a chair with her back straight, leaning forward, and her arms supporting her. She is having a hard time talking to you. You should suspect:
A) abdominal pain.
B) chest discomfort.
C) allergic reaction.
D) respiratory distress.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT assessed during the "Breathing" phase of the primary assessment?
A) Determining the depth of respiration
B) Counting the respiratory rate
C) Determining the presence of respirations
D) Obtaining a pulse oximetry reading
Q:
Which of the following is NOT performed during the "Airway" phase of the primary assessment?
A) Head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver
B) Obtaining the respiratory rate
C) Suctioning
D) Insertion of an oropharyngeal airway
Q:
You are approaching a young adult male lying supine on the ground with his eyes closed. You should:
A) open his airway.
B) ask him if he is okay.
C) expose his chest.
D) feel for a pulse.
Q:
The mnemonic AVPU is used to evaluate which of the following?
A) Patient's chief complaint
B) Patient's level of responsiveness
C) Patient's transport priority
D) EMT's general impression of the patient's condition
Q:
Which of the following is NOT true regarding a patient who has a mental status of less than "alert"?
A) His brain may not be getting enough oxygen.
B) He is in a state of rapid eye movement sleep.
C) He may not have adequate blood circulation.
D) He requires high-concentration oxygen.
Q:
A patient whose mental status can be described as "verbal" is able to:
A) tell you his or her name, his or her location, and what day it is.
B) respond only to a stimulus such as the EMT rubbing his sternum with his knuckles.
C) talk spontaneously and respond to the EMT's questions.
D) respond to speaking or shouting by opening the eyes.
Q:
Which of the following questions will most likely elicit your patient's chief complaint?
A) What made you call 911 this evening?
B) Do you have any medical problems?
C) How have you been feeling lately?
D) Have you been drinking today?
Q:
Your patient is a 72-year-old female who has "twisted her ankle" coming down some steps. She is alert and complaining of pain in her right ankle, but she jokes about her "clumsiness." Which of the following should you do next?
A) Take immediate manual control of the patient's cervical spine.
B) Administer high-concentration oxygen by nonrebreather mask.
C) Determine the presence of a carotid pulse.
D) Ask if the patient has pain anywhere besides her ankle.
Q:
You find a middle-aged unresponsive man lying prone on the ground near a ladder. You should:
A) move the ladder out of the way.
B) roll him over to a supine position.
C) pick him up with a scoop stretcher.
D) manually immobilize his head.
Q:
Which of the following techniques is used when formulating the general impression?
A) Detecting odors
B) Listening for unusual sounds
C) Looking for visual clues
D) All of the above
Q:
Your patient is a middle-aged man who appears to be in distress and is clutching his chest. These observations lead you to suspect which type of problem?
A) Choking
B) Cardiac
C) Anaphylaxis
D) Digestive
Q:
You are at the scene where a 19-year-old female college student has been drinking large quantities of alcohol throughout the evening. On your arrival, the patient is lying on her back with no signs of trauma, has vomited, and has slow, wet sounding respirations. Which of the following should you do next?
A) Determine the respiratory rate.
B) Check for carotid and radial pulses.
C) Assist respirations with a bag-valve-mask device.
D) Open the patient's airway using a head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver.
Q:
Which of the following is true concerning the primary assessment?
A) Manual airway maneuvers must be performed on all patients.
B) The EMT should perform a sternal rub on all patients to test for response to painful stimuli.
C) External bleeding will be obvious as you enter the room and initially see the patient.
D) The primary assessment begins by just observing the patient as you enter the room.
Q:
Which of the following is the purpose of the primary assessment?
A) To detect and treat immediately life-threatening problems
B) To find all of the patient's signs and symptoms
C) To discover trends of improvement or deterioration in the patient's condition
D) To detect dangers to the patient and/or EMS crew
Q:
Which of the following BEST describes an EMS provider's "sixth sense"?
A) Diagnostic ability
B) General impression
C) Clinical judgment
D) Scene safety
Q:
Which of the following is completed first during the primary assessment?
A) Determining transport priority
B) Assessing mental status
C) Opening the airway
D) Forming a general impression
Q:
Which of the following represents the correct order of assessment for the EMT during the primary assessment from start to end?
A) General impression, mental status, airway, breathing, circulation, patient priority
B) Mental status, general impression, airway, breathing, circulation, patient priority
C) Patient priority, general impression, mental status, airway, breathing, circulation
D) None of the above
Q:
Which of the following describes the chief complaint?
A) Reason why the patient summoned EMS
B) Events immediately preceding the call for EMS
C) Overall impression of the patient's condition
D) All of the above
Q:
In EMS, which of the following BEST describes the term intervention?
A) Determining if there is a problem
B) Taking steps to correct a problem
C) Creating a permanent record of patient care
D) Decreasing the EMT's liability for negligence
Q:
In EMS, what does mental status refer to?
A) Patient's level of awareness of his surroundings
B) Any history of mental illness that the patient may have
C) Patient's general level of intelligence
D) None of the above
Q:
Which of the following is NOT part of the general impression?
A) Patient's facial expression
B) Patient's age and race
C) Position in which the patient is found
D) Patient's past medical history
Q:
What BEST defines the immediate sense of the patient's degree of distress, formulated from the patient's immediate environment, appearance, and chief complaint?
A) General impression
B) Primary assessment
C) Scene size-up
D) Secondary assessment
Q:
Which of the following is true concerning scene size-up?
A) The need for additional resources must be determined on both medical and trauma calls.
B) Scene size-up does not play a role in determining the nature of the illness.
C) Determining the number of patients is not important on a medical call.
D) Information from bystanders is not important on trauma calls.
Q:
You and your partner are en route to a motor vehicle crash involving a tanker truck on a rural road. Dispatch informs you that fluid is leaking from the truck, that there are several bystanders passed out on the ground near the cab of the truck, and that a caller has reported the code that appears on a placard attached to the tanker truck. You should:
A) remove the bystanders from the scene.
B) park about 50 feet from the truck.
C) consult the Emergency Response Guidebook.
D) park downwind from the tanker truck.
Q:
You should have a keen awareness that there may be injuries based on your scene size-up. This is known as which of the following?
A) Nature of illness
B) Law of inertia
C) Mechanism of injury
D) Index of suspicion
Q:
When should the EMT evaluate the need for Standard Precautions?
A) An evaluation should be made throughout the call.
B) An evaluation should be made once a general impression of the patient has been formed.
C) An evaluation should be made before arrival on-scene.
D) No evaluation is ever needed, since the precautions are the same for every call.
Q:
Which of the following may be a hazard at the scene of a vehicle collision?
A) Electrocution
B) Hazardous materials
C) Other emergency vehicles
D) All of the above
Q:
In which of the following situations should the EMT consult the Emergency Response Guidebook?A) Chlorine gas leak at a public swimming poolB) Domestic disturbance with the potential for violenceC) Patient with a suspected infectious diseaseD) Downed power lines at the scene of a vehicle collision
Q:
Which of the following situations will NOT require additional resources at the scene?
A) A patient with emphysema who is on oxygen therapy at home
B) A call for a sick person at home during which an odor of natural gas is detected
C) A call to a manufacturing plant where a worker has his hand caught in a machine
D) A 300-pound woman complaining of back pain
Q:
Which of the following BEST describes blunt-force trauma?
A) An object strikes the body, but it does not penetrate the body tissues.
B) The object is not sharp, but it penetrates the body when enough force is used.
C) The object penetrates soft tissue, but it cannot penetrate bone.
D) A rounded object impacts the body tissues.
Q:
A fall is considered severe anytime an adult patient has fallen more than ________ feet.
A) 20
B) 15
C) 10
D) 8
Q:
Where should the EMT assess for injury when caring for a patient who had a two-story fall and landed square on his feet?
A) Patient's lower back
B) Patient's ankles
C) Patient's femur
D) All of the above
Q:
Your patient fell out of a tree while putting the roof on a tree house. A 15-foot ladder is required to enter the tree house and there is enough room for an adult to stand up inside. Your patient should be transported to:
A) an urgent care center.
B) the closest hospital.
C) a trauma center.
D) a neurosurgery center.
Q:
An injury caused by an object that passes through the skin or other body tissue is known as which of the following?A) Cavitating traumaB) Puncturing traumaC) Penetrating traumaD) Impaling trauma
Q:
What law of physics explains why a patient's liver can be injured from the impact of his car with a tree?
A) Second law of motion
B) Newton's law of moving energy
C) Law of inertia
D) Law of kinetic energy
Q:
When determining possible injuries suffered from a gunshot wound, which of the following is true?
A) The EMT must ask the patient or bystanders exactly where the shooter was standing.
B) Bullets pass in a straight line through the body from the point of entry to the exit wound.
C) The EMT must determine the caliber of ammunition involved.
D) The EMT must be aware that bullets cause damage in more than one way.
Q:
Which of the following will deliver a medium velocity impact?
A) Bullet from a handgun
B) Ice pick
C) Butcher knife
D) Bullet from an assault rifle
Q:
When considering the potential for injury from a fall, which of the following is LEAST important?
A) Height of the fall
B) Type of surface onto which the patient fell
C) Whether the patient struck anything with his body on the way down
D) Patient's weight
Q:
Your patient, a 29-year-old female, was the front seat passenger in a vehicle that was struck in the passenger's side door by another vehicle that ran a red light. Which of the following is most likely to have occurred?
A) The patient impacted the steering wheel with her chest, causing a fracture of the sternum.
B) The patient took the "down and under" pathway, causing trauma to her lower extremities.
C) The patient's body was pushed forcefully out from under her head, causing injury to the cervical spine.
D) The patient took the "up and over" pathway, striking her head on the windshield.
Q:
You have just arrived on the scene of a motor vehicle collision in which a compact car was struck from behind by a delivery truck. The driver of the delivery truck is standing outside his vehicle talking to police when you arrive, but the driver of the car is still seated in the driver's seat. You have noted moderate damage to the rear of the car. For which of the following injuries should you have the highest level of suspicion?
A) Fractures of the lower extremities
B) Chest injury
C) Abdominal injuries
D) Neck injury
Q:
As you approach the scene of a motorcycle accident, you see an EMR trying to stop the bleeding on the patient's left arm. You notice that the EMR has blood covering the front of his shirt and running down his arms. What Standard Precautions are needed?
A) There is no need for Standard Precautions because you have no open injuries.
B) Gloves, gown, and face mask with eye shield are needed.
C) Gloves, gown, eye protection, and an N-95 or HEPA respirator are needed.
D) Gloves and gown only are needed.
Q:
You are dispatched to a local bar for the report of an unresponsive female patient found in the bathroom. As you approach the scene, you notice a large crowd outside the front door holding beer bottles. The group has pulled the patient outside. As you approach the scene, people from the group start yelling, "Do something! She's not breathing." What concerns you the most about this scene?
A) The large crowd that has been drinking and is now yelling at you
B) The fact that the patient has been moved from where she was found
C) The crowd stating the patient is not breathing
D) All of the above