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Q:
You are on the scene at a local park where a 51-year-old male is reported to be confused and having difficulty walking. Your partner notes that the patient is wearing a bracelet indicating he is diabetic. Upon questioning, the patient is able to report that he has not eaten in 8 hours. Your knowledge of pathophysiology suggests that the patient may be suffering from a diabetic emergency. Glucose is a building block for what form of energy in the cell?
A) Mitochondria
B) Electrolytes
C) ATP
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
Q:
Production of energy occurs in what part of the cell?
A) Endoplasmic reticulum
B) Mitochondria
C) Nucleus
D) Potassium pump
Q:
Janie is having difficulty breathing. Her current tidal volume is 350 mL, and she is breathing at 28 times per minute. What would be her minute volume?
A) 9,800 mL
B) 12.5 mL
C) 342 mL
D) 378 mL
Q:
Stroke volume depends on a series of factors: one is the force the myocardial muscle exerts to move the blood. This is known as:
A) preload.
B) contractility.
C) automaticity.
D) afterload.
Q:
Certain blood vessels that contain specialized sensors that detect the level of internal pressure and transmit messages to the nervous system, which then triggers the smooth muscle in the vessel walls to make any needed size adjustments, are called:
A) pressure receptors.
B) stretch receptors.
C) chemoreceptors.
D) volume receptors.
Q:
Plasma oncotic pressure is created by the movement of which of the following?
A) Large proteins
B) Contraction of the heart
C) Constriction of the vessels
D) Dilation of the vessels
Q:
The pressure that is created when the heart pushes the blood throughout the circulatory system is called:
A) hyperstatic pressure.
B) osmotic pressure.
C) oncotic pressure.
D) hydrostatic pressure.
Q:
Carbon dioxide is transported back to the lungs in two ways: via the red blood cells and:
A) white blood cells.
B) oncotic pressure.
C) hydrostatic pressure.
D) plasma.
Q:
In normal exhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax to contract the chest, which creates a positive pressure. This is what type of process?
A) Inspiration
B) Active
C) Passive
D) Respiration
Q:
Not all inspired air reaches the alveoli; 150 mL is stopped in the airway leading to the alveoli. This is called:
A) vital capacity.
B) bronchial air.
C) tidal volume.
D) dead air space.
Q:
The volume of air that is moved in and out of the chest in a normal breath cycle is called:
A) vital capacity.
B) tidal volume.
C) expiration.
D) inspiration.
Q:
The study of how disease affects the functioning of the human body is called:
A) psychology.
B) physiology.
C) pathophysiology.
D) anatomy.
Q:
Which organ secretes insulin after a person eats a large meal?
A) Gallbladder
B) Spleen
C) Liver
D) Pancreas
Q:
Which layer of the skin is exposed to the environment?
A) Adipose tissue
B) Dermis
C) Subcutaneous tissue
D) Epidermis
Q:
Which of the following are the components of the nervous system?
A) Brain and autonomic nerves
B) Spinal cord and motor nerves
C) Spinal cord and sensory nerves
D) Brain, spinal cord, and nerves
Q:
What is the strongest and most muscular part of the heart?
A) Left atrium
B) Right ventricle
C) Left ventricle
D) Right atrium
Q:
What vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
A) Venae cavae
B) Aorta
C) Pulmonary artery
D) Pulmonary veins
Q:
Which of the following structures receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the venae cavae?
A) Right ventricle
B) Left ventricle
C) Left atrium
D) Right atrium
Q:
Your patient is an 84-year-old male with difficulty breathing and peripheral edema. He tells you he has been suffering for many years with "heart failure" and his condition is worsening, especially with trouble breathing at night. Your knowledge of cardiovascular physiology suggests that his condition could have resulted from the failure of either the right or left side of his heart. Which chamber of the heart is the strongest, most muscular part of the heart and is primarily responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the rest of the body?
A) Left ventricle
B) Right ventricle
C) Left atrium
D) Right atrium
Q:
What type of blood vessels surround the alveoli?
A) Arterioles
B) Veins
C) Capillaries
D) Arteries
Q:
Which of the following structures closes over the trachea to protect it during swallowing?
A) Pharynx
B) Epiglottis
C) Cricoid cartilage
D) Diaphragm
Q:
You have been dispatched to a local shopping mall where a 63-year-old female patient has slipped and fallen in a department store. Upon your arrival, you find her supine on the ground, conscious and oriented with stable vital signs, complaining of severe pain to the upper portion of her left leg and hip. Her left leg is slightly shortened and rotated outward. The bone most commonly fractured with a "broken hip" is the:
A) femur.
B) tibia.
C) fibula.
D) ilium.
Q:
Your 15-year-old patient was playing baseball today and was struck in the face by a baseball bat. As you assess his injuries and manage spinal immobilization, you note that several of his teeth are broken and he seems to have deformity and pain isolated to his lower jaw. The lower jaw bone is also known as the:
A) orbit.
B) maxillae.
C) manubrium.
D) mandible.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT part of the upper extremities?
A) Carpals
B) Calcaneus
C) Clavicle
D) Scapula
Q:
Which of the following is the only movable bone of the face?
A) Mandible
B) Maxillae
C) Zygoma
D) Manubrium
Q:
At which of the following locations could you palpate a malleolus?
A) Elbow
B) Ankle
C) Spinal column
D) Wrist
Q:
What are the small bones that make up the wrist called?
A) Tarsals
B) Carpals
C) Metatarsals
D) Metacarpals
Q:
What is the long bone of the upper portion of the arm?
A) Humerus
B) Ulna
C) Scapula
D) Radius
Q:
What is the bone on the thumb side of the forearm?
A) Fibula
B) Acromion
C) Radius
D) Ulna
Q:
What is another name for the shoulder blade?
A) Pharynx
B) Clavicle
C) Patella
D) Scapula
Q:
What is the largest bone of the lower leg?
A) Tibia
B) Femur
C) Fibula
D) Patella
Q:
Which of the following is NOT part of the lower extremity?
A) Femur
B) Carpals
C) Pelvis
D) Patella
Q:
What is the large, wing-shaped bone on either side of the pelvis?
A) Ischium
B) Acetabulum
C) Pubis
D) Ilium
Q:
What is the inferior-most portion of the sternum?
A) Body
B) Sternal notch
C) Xiphoid process
D) Manubrium
Q:
What is another name for the eye socket?
A) Orbit
B) Parietal bone
C) Zygomatic arch
D) Odontoid process
Q:
Your unit has arrived on the scene of a multiple vehicle collision where several vehicles have rear-ended each other. You are directed by the incident commander to care for a 23-year-old female in the first vehicle. The firefighter on-scene holding manual spinal immobilization indicates that her primary complaint is back pain from her head whipping back and forth from the impact. Your understanding of the anatomy of the spinal column and vertebrae suggests that this type of mechanism of injury results in frequent injuries to which part of the spinal column?
A) Lumbar spine
B) Thoracic spine
C) Cervical spine
D) Sacral spine
Q:
The two major portions of the skull are the:
A) atlas and axis.
B) manubrium and mandible.
C) cranium and face.
D) frontal bone and ilium.
Q:
What system is a group of organs and glands designed for the specific purpose of reproduction?
A) Respiratory system
B) Renal system
C) Lymphatic system
D) Reproduction system
Q:
Failure of the liver would result in which of the following?
A) Inability to filter out old and damaged blood cells
B) Inability to secrete insulin
C) Inability to detoxify harmful substances in the bloodstream
D) None of the above
Q:
What system produces chemicals called hormones that help to regulate many body activities and functions?
A) Respiratory system
B) Endocrine system
C) Lymphatic system
D) Digestive system
Q:
Which of the following is a function of the skin?
A) Regulation of body temperature
B) Balancing water in the body
C) Protection from the environment
D) All of the above
Q:
Which of the following body systems primarily produces hormones?
A) Cardiovascular
B) Gastrointestinal
C) Exocrine
D) Endocrine
Q:
Which of the following structures allows food to move from the mouth to the stomach?
A) Trachea
B) Venae cavae
C) Duodenum
D) Esophagus
Q:
Which of the following is the primary function of the stomach?
A) Production of bile
B) Absorption of water from food products
C) Chemical breakdown of food by acidic secretions
D) Absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream
Q:
You are on the scene at an office building where a 32-year-old male is described as having difficulty breathing and chest pain. The patient is allergic to peanuts and thinks he may have accidentally ingested some cookies with peanuts in them this afternoon during his break. He is pale with a pulse rate of 158 and a respiratory rate of 36. You understand that a "fight-or-flight" response may have been activated in this patient, involving which nervous system and which hormone?
A) Parasympathetic nervous system and insulin
B) Parasympathetic nervous system and epinephrine
C) Sympathetic nervous system and insulin
D) Sympathetic nervous system and epinephrine
Q:
In which of the following locations is the femoral pulse palpated?
A) At the groin
B) Behind the knee
C) On the medial side of the ankle, posterior to the tibia
D) On the medial side of the upper arm
Q:
The pulse palpated on the top of the foot is called the ________ pulse.
A) phalanx proximalis
B) tibialis posterior
C) dorsalis pedis
D) suprametatarsal
Q:
The pressure against the walls of the blood vessels as blood is ejected from the heart and circulates through the body is the ________ blood pressure.
A) systolic
B) diastolic
C) central venous
D) mean arterial
Q:
What condition of immediate concern results from a loss of red blood cells due to hemorrhage?
A) Decreased ability to fight infection
B) Decrease in pulse rate
C) Decreased oxygen delivery to the tissues
D) Decreased production of carbon dioxide
Q:
You have been dispatched to the site of a construction accident where a 36-year-old male patient was moderately cut by some machinery. His left arm has a 4" deep laceration that appears to have stopped bleeding with the gauze and direct pressure applied by his coworkers. Your knowledge of physiology suggests that which component of blood was partially responsible for forming clotting factors to stop the bleeding?
A) Platelets
B) White blood cells
C) Plasma
D) Red blood cells
Q:
Which of the following makes up more than half of the volume of blood in the body?
A) Platelets
B) Plasma
C) Red blood cells
D) White corpuscles
Q:
Which of the following types of blood vessels allow the exchange of substances directly between the blood and the cells of the body?
A) Veins
B) Alveoli
C) Capillaries
D) Arterioles
Q:
You are caring for a 47-year-old male patient with classical chest pain suggestive of a myocardial infarction. Based on your understanding of the cardiovascular system, you know he could be suffering from damage, narrowing, or blockage of what arteries?
A) Pulmonary arteries
B) Coronary arteries
C) Brachial arteries
D) Femoral arteries
Q:
A clot cannot form without which of the following blood components?
A) Plasma
B) Corpuscles
C) Platelets
D) White blood cells
Q:
The cardiac muscle receives its supply of oxygenated blood by which of the following mechanisms?
A) Coronary arteries that branch off the aorta
B) Coronary veins that branch off the pulmonary vein as it returns oxygenated blood to the heart
C) Absorption of oxygen from the blood returning from the lungs
D) None of the above
Q:
An artery is a blood vessel that only:
A) returns blood to the heart.
B) carries oxygenated blood.
C) carries deoxygenated blood.
D) carries blood away from the heart.
Q:
Which of the following organs functions as a reservoir for blood that can be used in case of blood loss?
A) Liver
B) Spleen
C) Thyroid gland
D) Heart
Q:
What type of muscles control the size of the bronchioles in the lungs?
A) Voluntary
B) Striated
C) Skeletal
D) Smooth
Q:
Which of the following respiratory processes requires the active use of muscles?
A) Inhalation
B) Bifurcation
C) Exhalation
D) Gas exchange
Q:
Which of the following terms describes the heart muscle's ability to generate its own electrical impulses?
A) Contractility
B) Conductivity
C) Automaticity
D) Irritability
Q:
What are the two most easily injured portions of the spine?
A) Sacral and coccygeal
B) Cervical and thoracic
C) Cervical and lumbar
D) Lumbar and sacral
Q:
Which of the following structures do NOT form part of the thorax?
A) Sternum
B) Ribs
C) 8th through 19th vertebrae
D) Ischium
Q:
Which of the following structures or tissues is NOT part of the musculoskeletal system?
A) Ligaments
B) Acetabulum
C) Fat
D) Tendons
Q:
Which of the following BEST describes the medical condition of shock?
A) Hypotension
B) A state of inadequate tissue perfusion
C) An extreme emotional reaction to a stressful event
D) Delayed capillary refill
Q:
In relation to anatomy, the term topography means:
A) the study of the skin.
B) external landmarks of body structures.
C) blood pressure fluctuations.
D) key elements of the central nervous system.
Q:
Physiology is the study of:
A) body structures.
B) muscles and movement.
C) body systems.
D) exercise and nutrition.
Q:
What two components are directly related to aerobic metabolism?
A) Exercise and water
B) Electrolytes and carbohydrates
C) Oxygen and glucose
D) Carbolic acid and air
Q:
What two body systems are critical for the life support chain?
A) Respiratory and cardiovascular systems
B) Respiratory and endocrine systems
C) Cardiopulmonary and digestive systems
D) Cardiovascular and lymphatic systems
Q:
What causes the "seesaw" breathing pattern of young children?
A) The cricoid cartilage and trachea are both more flexible than in adults, making breathing more difficult.
B) The size of their tongues in proportion to their mouths.
C) They rely more on the diaphragm during breathing difficulty.
D) The pronounced inward curvature at the bottom of the ribcage.
Q:
A child's ________ takes up proportionally more space in the pharynx than does an adult's.
A) trachea
B) tongue
C) epiglottis
D) cricoid cartilage
Q:
What is NOT one of the primary organs for the female reproductive system?
A) Ovaries
B) Uterus
C) Urethra
D) Vagina
Q:
Which organ is the principal organ of the renal system?
A) Kidney
B) Bladder
C) Ureter
D) Urethra
Q:
Which of the following describes Fowler's position?
A) Lying flat on the back
B) Lying on the side
C) Lying on the stomach
D) Sitting upright with the legs straight
Q:
To check the distal pulse of a patient with an injury to the forearm, the EMT would check for a pulse in which location?
A) Armpit
B) Wrist
C) Upper arm
D) Throat
Q:
Which of the following BEST describes the location of the mid-axillary line?
A) A line from the center of the armpit, extending vertically down the side of the chest
B) A line drawn diagonally from the outer end of the clavicle to the navel
C) A line drawn horizontally from one armpit to the other, across the front of the body
D) A line drawn vertically from the xiphoid process to the pubic bone
Q:
Which of the following are the abdominal regions created by drawing two imaginary lines intersecting at the navel?
A) Abdominal quadrants
B) Abdominal planes
C) Abdominal regions
D) Abdominal sextants
Q:
With regard to anatomical locations, which of the following is NOT true?
A) The umbilicus is located on the ventral aspect of the body.
B) The ears are located on the lateral aspect of the head.
C) The foot is distal to the knee.
D) The mouth is proximal to the nose.
Q:
A postal worker has been attacked by a dog during her mail delivery route. The patient is a 54-year-old female with several dog bites on her lower extremities and left arm. The worst of these bites is located on the back of her right leg just above the ankle. How can you explain the location of this injury using anatomical landmarks?
A) The bite is located on the posterior aspect of the calf distal to the knee.
B) The bite is located on the anterior aspect of the calf just proximal to the knee.
C) The bite is located on the posterior aspect of the calf just proximal to the knee.
D) The bite is located on the anterior aspect of the calf just distal to the knee.
Q:
The wrist is ________ to the elbow.
A) medial
B) inferior
C) distal
D) dorsal
Q:
You respond to a large concert venue where a number of spectators are reported to be severely intoxicated. You are directed to an area where several patients appear to be unconscious, lying face down on the ground. The position of these patients is described as:
A) posterior.
B) supine.
C) anterior.
D) prone.