Q&A Hero

Q: A _________________________ is an excellent and low-tech method to solicit feedback after a system has been implemented.

Q: Soon after the go-live event, ____________ from the implementation evaluation should be acted on in a timely manner.

Q: Implementation of any system can be facilitated by the committee's understanding of the amount of time that is needed to successfully complete the project. To that end, what is an important staffing concept for administration to consider when appointing members to a technology committee? 1. Committee member must equally divide duties to complete tasks. 2. Committee members should meet more than once a week to complete tasks. 3. All member of the committee need a comprehensive technology background. 4. Relevant committee members can be given alternate work assignments to accommodate the increase in committee work.

Q: Which of the following is a key element for a successful system implementation? 1. Effective training 2. Incorporating data dictionaries at every terminal 3. Providing a help desk during the day shift 4. Finding a ancillary staff member to assist in trouble shooting the new system

Q: Which of the following makes training is most effective? 1. It occurs during the nurse's scheduled shift 2. When measurable objectives are employed 3. Training is conducted on the staff's day off 4. Another staff member conducts the session

Q: The notion of staggering the implementation of the system is determined during the planning phase by committee members. The rationale behind staggering the implementation of the new system can be related to which of the following statements? 1. The decision to incorporate a roll out model of implementation can be used to identify issues before the entire system goes live. 2. Staggering allows staff members to become more familiar with the new technology. 3. Budgetary constraints are the main factors in determining whether a system should be staggered or fully implemented. 4. Nurses and staff need additional time to accept an unwanted technological change.

Q: The ________________________ environment is a term that refers to the time when the new system is in operation.

Q: A timeline is defined as which of the following? 1. A visual plan that helps keep everyone on track and understand where others are in the project. 2. Part of the evaluation phase of the life cycle 3. A tool that measures outcomes 4. A best practice model

Q: Which of the following critical elements apply to the development of the timeline prior to implementation of the system? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Necessary tasks 2. Scope of each task 3. The members' roles and responsibilities in accomplishing the tasks 4. Driving forces of the market 5. Development of crib sheets

Q: When selecting the chair of the technology committee who is charged with leading the committee members and decision making regarding implementation of the new system, the best person suited for this role would be which of the following? 1. The vice president of nursing 2. Informatics nurse specialist 3. Information technology programmer 4. Staff nurses affected by the system implementation

Q: There are often unforeseen issues that emerge during the implementation phase of the life cycle. Which of the following may be considered a barrier? 1. Staff training 2. Poor communication 3. Employ a qualified nurse informatics specialist to lead the change. 4. Incorporate the suggestions of point-of-care staff

Q: Clinical operation disruption is can be minimized through which of the following? 1. Identification of the processes and their changes are included in training. 2. Following the IT liaison's demands for perfection 3. Making the changes during the night shift 4. Spending money on a consultant.

Q: Successful implementation of a system can be facilitated by addressing significant barriers presented by staff. Which aspect of resistance should be addressed by committee members during the planning phase? 1. Staff members need to control the workflow and do not want changes imposed on them. 2. The impact of the change on off shift personnel 3. The nurse to patient ratio 4. Emotions of staff

Q: A group of staff nurses working on the hospice unit have notoriously been opposed to technology use. They assert technology is not essential for the care of people who are actively dying and have decided not to participate in the training process. What can be done by committee members to decrease resistance in this setting? 1. Data can be collected and stored electronically to develop evidence-based practice models which would be useful in alleviating the suffering of the dying. 2. Have the head nurse document the resistance in each person's file. 3. Have the director of human resources attend the next staff meeting to review position descriptions. 4. Terminate staff that refuse to participate in training.

Q: Any significant change in the workplace can lead to discomfort and resistance. Which of the following statements can decrease staff resistance to the implementation of a new system? 1. "Give it time, you will like it." 2. "Perhaps you need more staff development programs." 3. "We know what we are doing. The committee has worked on this project for months." 4. "If you find that its functions are not user-friendly, the committee can make the appropriate changes."

Q: To change the culture of any work environment, the nurse as a leader can promote innovation and minimize resistance through which of the following? 1. Demanding staff listen to rationale behind the changes 2. Planning a strategy to support people and process changes 3. Asking staff to trust their colleagues 4. Understanding that the change is for their benefit

Q: Which of the following is not an example of a function? 1. Upgrading 2. Order entry 3. Results reporting 4. Documentation

Q: Although an information system may be replaced, which of the following answer best describes the impact on the information system's life cycle? 1. The life cycle is an ongoing process that never ends. 2. The life cycle and information system are unrelated. 3. The life cycle stops to upgrade the system. 4. The life cycle is altered with any upgrade.

Q: Which of the following best defines data dictionaries? 1. Data dictionaries contain lists and definitions of all terms used. 2. Data dictionaries contain actual data. 3. Data dictionaries have nothing to do with data quality. 4. Data dictionaries can be found in the nursing office.

Q: _________________ creep is the unexpected and uncontrolled growth of user expectations as the project progresses.

Q: Which of the following statements is true about the test environment? 1. The findings of the system test always indicate how well the system will perform in the live environment. 2. The test environment is not exactly the same as the live environment, because the live environment is much larger and more complex. 3. The test environment is unnecessary with the progress made in technology. 4. The test environment is done for training purposes.

Q: Considerable planning must be done before the go-live event. Which of the following are specific examples of planning elements? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Implementation strategy is determined 2. Decisions must be made regarding what information will be back loaded or preloaded 3. Support schedule is developed 4. Evaluation procedures are addressed 5. Procedure developed to request changes after the go-live event

Q: A group of tasks related to the analysis of hardware requirements must be addressed during the implementation phase. Which of the following are considered specific tasks? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Network infrastructure analysis 2. Review of workstation types 3. Input applications review 4. Printer decisions 5. Cabling capacity analysis

Q: The implementation committee members analyze the base system as delivered from the vendor before the system is installed in the event that clarification or changes are necessary. Which of the following are analyzed throughout this process? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Technology 2. Vendor standing 3. Vendor compliance with regulatory requirements 4. Integration with other systems 5. Clinician support

Q: _______________________ environment is another term that refers to the time when the new system is in operation.

Q: A major consideration for organizations implementing new systems is the return on investment (ROI). ROI can be measured using tangible and intangible measures. Which of the following are examples of tangible measures? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Decreased costs for labor and non-labor expenses such as maintenance 2. Higher retention rate for care givers 3. Increased revenue 4. Alignment with business strategy 5. Greater compliance with regulations

Q: Which of the following are examples of ongoing systems technical maintenance? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Problem solving and debugging 2. Performing a file backup 3. Maintaining a backup supply of hardware 4. Maintaining and updating the disaster recovery plan 5. Configuring, testing, and installing system upgrades

Q: Which of the following are recommended for developing system procedures and documentation? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Create backup procedures to be used in the event that the system is not running either for reasons of scheduled maintenance or unforeseen circumstances. 2. If major modifications were made to the base system, use the vendor's system user guides. 3. Develop a data dictionary containing system terms and terms for mapping from one system to another. 4. During the training process, develop procedures for how the system will be used to support client care and associated administrative activities. 5. Create separate documentation that includes the downtime procedures and manual requisition forms and locate in an easily identifiable and accessible location.

Q: An implementation is to go live in a limited number of client units but in all ancillary departments. The remaining client units would be scheduled to go live in groups, staggered over a specified time frame. What implementation strategy is being used? 1. Roll out 2. Modular 3. Occur all at once 4. Direct

Q: A hospital is implementing a new electronic nurse charting system. When selecting members for the implementation committee, if all are available, which one of these should be given priority? 1. Informatics nurse specialist 2. Experienced consultant 3. Steering committee chairperson 4. Chief information officer

Q: Which of the following strategies would be appropriate for identifying a potential candidate for implementation project leader? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Since this will be a complex implementation, focus on the candidate's technical skills and less on communication and leadership skills. 2. Restrict the selection to someone that is a member of the steering committee because of their understanding of the vision, goals, and expectations for the system. 3. Select the consultant that has been assigned to the project from the beginning as the leader. 4. Delay the selection of a leader until after the committee members are selected and then, with the help of the members, select one of the members as leader. 5. Select the chief information officer because of the position of authority and knowledge of the organization's information needs.

Q: Analyzing appropriate hardware requirements is necessary when implementing a new information system. Which of the following solutions is most appropriate? 1. Needs assessment information is compared to budget and hardware and software features. 2. Thin clients are placed in central locations to access the system. 3. Staff may elect to use their own personal digital assistants to send and receive client data. 4. Laser printers are connected to the system network for printing laboratory results.

Q: What should be the end result of implementation of a new wireless information system in a 712-bed acute-care facility? 1. Retention of staff is enhanced 2. Staff can utilize the new technology effectively 3. Client satisfaction with care is enhanced 4. Client care outcomes are improved

Q: Which of the following is the best example of "feature creep"? 1. When an additional feature must be added to the system, the implementation committee approves the change after investigating its cost. 2. The system is totally customized for an individual organization to reflect the current workflow. 3. Staff nurses expect the new system will cut their workload relating to documentation in half. 4. The emergency department and intensive care unit supervisors meet and come up with a list of new features to be added to the system.

Q: Which instance is most helpful during system training? 1. Training software is provided for staff to practice inputting fictitious client information. 2. Training sessions are scheduled for the four to six week period prior to going live so all users can feel comfortable with the system. 3. Designated trainers are appointed based on their ability to expertly care of patients. 4. New users are trained through an online learning platform such as Blackboard.

Q: Which strategy might cause problems during implementation of a new information system? 1. Once the committee has given information to the vendor regarding system needs, a small addition is requested. 2. An open system is set up such that software upgrades can be implemented quickly and easily. 3. The vendor is asked to fully customize the information system for a specialty organization. 4. The committee verifies that the vendor provides annual maintenance with an additional contract.

Q: Once the go-live date of the system has been established, the production environment is in effect. Which planning is most necessary at this time? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. A newly released software upgrade will be performed so the new system provides users with the latest technology. 2. A website is constructed so employees may answer questionnaires relating to system satisfaction and ask questions as needed. 3. A 24/7 support schedule is initiated to answer questions when necessary. 4. Information back loading is scheduled the day that the system is to go live. 5. The implementation of the system will begin in the emergency department and will move to other units when they signal that they are ready.

Q: Back loading of some pre-existing data must be completed for the system to create accurate medication administration records and billing charges. How is this best accomplished? 1. Selected data from client records are loaded into the system by data entry specialists. 2. Each staff member is responsible for inputting medications for each patient for the 24 hours prior to going live. 3. When the system goes live, data from clients' medication administration records since admission are inputted for all clients. 4. A pharmacist selects needed data from client medication administration records and inputs the data immediately prior to going live.

Q: To be effective users of a new documentation system, the staff must be trained. Which shows the most effective use of training for a new computer system? 1. A training environment is set up off site. 2. Training is scheduled during the normal workday. 3. Training is provided with actual live software. 4. Actual client data are stored in the training system.

Q: Communication during the maintenance phase of the system's life cycle is crucial. Which of the following is most beneficial to the organization during the maintenance phase? 1. A newsletter for users is posted yearly in accessible sites for new information 2. A help desk provides 24/7 telephone user support for employees 3. Users given internet access and procedure manual to troubleshoot problems 4. A list of frequently asked questions (FAQs) posted on a password protected site

Q: Which description best fits a work breakdown structure (WBS)? 1. A project planning software program is selected for use by the steering committee to assist in planning needed changes. 2. The implementation committee learns about the capabilities of a new wireless system. 3. A timeline is developed to determine who will do necessary tasks for the implementation of each project phase. 4. A committee is formed to guide the implementation of a new wireless system.

Q: Ethnographic studies have been incorporated within health care settings by informaticians to glean data at the point of care. Which of the following statements about ethnography is true? 1. Ethnography is a quantitative method from anthropology and sociology that includes fieldwork and analysis of people in cultural, social settings. 2. In ethnography researchers describe the person of interest's point of view focusing on experience and interactions in social settings rather than the actions themselves. 3. Ethnography is an outdated method of inquiry. 4. The use of ethnography is criticized as a method to determine HCI effectiveness.

Q: Which of the following entities does not support a role for informaticians in the future? 1. Informaticians require a graduate education. 2. The recent interest in usability will provide interesting work for health informaticists in the future. 3. Informaticians support the training of new systems. 4. Informaticians are key members of the life cycle discussions.

Q: Usability studies can be used to support IT in a number of ways. Which of the following are reasons to complete these studies in a health care setting? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Assesses the adequacy of a design or redesign early in the systems life cycle 2. Helps determine or clarify users' requirements determination 3. Creates an interest in learning the new system 4. Determines the actual price of the system 5. Supports infrastructure

Q: Which of the following types of usability studies consists of a detailed review of a sequence of real or proposed actions to complete a task in a system? 1. Simplified usability tests using early prototypes 2. Cognitive walkthrough 3. Heuristic evaluations or heuristic inspection methods 4. Exploratory test

Q: Usability tests are systematic and structured examinations of the effectiveness, efficiency or satisfaction of any component or interactions in the human"computer interaction framework(s). Which of the following is an example of a usability test? 1. Identifying appropriate hours to offer patients sleep medication 2. Completing a longitudinal study of nursing effectiveness during lunch hours 3. Exploring time management strategies in central supply 4. Describing the satisfaction with a new computerized provider order entry (CPOE) application.

Q: _________________________ is the study of how people design, implement, and evaluate interactive computer systems in the context of users' tasks and work.

Q: Which of the following frameworks is based on work-centered research and distributed cognition? 1. The FITT framework 2. UFuRT (User, Function, Representation, and Task analysis) framework 3. Human, Organization, Technology-fit (HOT-fit) 4. The Staggers Human"Computer Interaction Framework

Q: ____________________________ guide health informaticists in completing user-centered design processes, usability tests, IT adoption evaluations and usability research.

Q: Usability experts cite three main goals of HCI and usability. Which of the following is not a usability goal? 1. Effectiveness 2. Efficiency 3. Replication 4. User satisfaction

Q: The broad goals of usability are to promote acceptance and use of systems through improved interactive systems, software, developing new kinds of applications to support specific work, and promoting job optimization with the use of information systems. A user interface can effectively disappear if which of the following is correct? 1. The system is designed well. 2. The system has multiple partners. 3. The system has a comprehensive set of instructions. 4. The system has little to no downtime.

Q: Usability is a subset of HCI and one of its major components. Which of the following are usability topics? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Using an application 2. Learning to use a system 3. User satisfaction 4. Efficiency 5. Error-free/error-forgiving interactions

Q: _____________________________ is the study of how people design, implement, evaluate and use interactive computer systems

Q: Ergonomics focuses on which of the following? 1. The ability of the nurse to complete computer processing 2. Correct posture while keyboarding 3. Establishing protocols for benchmarking 4. The physical design for safety, comfort, and convenience

Q: The scientific study of the interaction between people, machines, and their work environments is which of the following? 1. Ergonomics 2. Human"computer interaction (HCI) 3. Human factors 4. Usability

Q: Which of the following statements is accurate about the contract negotiation process and system purchase? 1. Contract negotiations are carried out by the organization's legal enterprise. 2. Contract negotiations begin with the RFP. 3. The steering committee is part of the contract negotiation process. 4. The contract negotiation is the last phase of the life cycle.

Q: Techno-H has been selected for as the vendor focused on the technology update for Tall Trees Hospital. Now that the vendor has been chosen, the staff have discovered a number of additional upgrades that they would like added to the contract. Which of the following statements would be considered reasonable requests? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Increased technological support during implementation phase 2. Workshops led by vendor during off shifts 3. Provide user friendly help manuals 4. Vendor representative demonstrates live system. 5. Request price reduction after contract has been negotiated.

Q: Which of the following questions is not appropriate for a committee to ask when the vendors submit the response to a request for proposal (RFP)? 1. Was the response submitted by the deadline date? 2. Were the vendor representatives responsive and knowledgeable? 3. Will the vendor select the hardware and software needs of the organization? 4. Does the proposal address the requirements outlined in the RFP, or does it appear to be a standard bid?

Q: The pediatric technology committee has determined the need for enhanced bedside technology for ventilated patients. After a lengthy review process, the committee continues to debate the "musts" and "needs" of the new system. The best way to facilitate complex decision making is through the development of which of the following? 1. Strategic planning 2. A timeline 3. Conflict resolution skills 4. Weighted scoring tool

Q: A _____________________ will facilitate the evaluation of complicated request for proposal responses from vendors and will improve the ability of the steering committee to make an informed decision.

Q: Which statement accurately reflects the union of the mission statement with identification of the technology needs? 1. "The staff of St. Francis Hospital are dedicated to the provision of quality, individualized patient care from a Roman Catholic tradition through the incorporation of values, holistic care, and state of the art technology." 2. "The staff of Riverside Memorial Hospital are dedicated to providing comprehensive patient care." 3. "The mission of Unionville Hospice is to render quality end-of-life care and the commitment of blending holistic care with palliative therapies." 4. "Good Samaritan Hospital provides a high tech environment for all patients."

Q: The purpose of the ________________________ is to determine the gap between an organization's current state and the overall needs of the organization with consideration to the strategic plan.

Q: This week, the attending physicians for a large urban primary care facility have set the goal for the implementation of the new technology system to coincide with the opening of the cardiology wing. The unit is scheduled to admit patients in six months; however, a needs assessment must first be completed. Which of the following statements accurately defines the purpose of the needs assessment? 1. The needs assessment identifies the organization's information needs. 2. The needs assessment can be completed during the opening of the new wing. 3. The needs assessment is not necessary with new construction. 4. Plans for the construction are unrelated to the needs assessment.

Q: Once the strategic plan has been developed which identifies the organization's technology goals and needs, the selection and implementation of an information system occurs through a well-defined process known as the ________________________. Standard Text:

Q: The information system life cycle can be divided into main phases that cover the life span of information systems. Which of the following phases of the life cycle apply to the organization's information system? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Needs assessment 2. Purchasing phase 3. System selection 4. Upgrading phase 5. Internal review

Q: Which of the following phases is the first step of the information system life cycle? 1. Implementation 2. Needs assessment 3. System selection 4. Maintenance

Q: The information system life cycle can be divided into four phases that cover the life span of information systems. Which of the following answers best describes the end of the relationship? 1. There is no end to the life cycle. 2. The life cycle ends with implementation. 3. The life cycle ends with evaluation. 4. The life cycle ends with assessment.

Q: Which of the following answers describes the relationship between an open system architecture environment and the central processing unit? 1. Architecture refers to the goals of the central processing unit and its interrelated elements. 2. Architecture refers to the structure of the central processing unit and its interrelated elements. 3. Architecture refers to the maintenance of the central processing unit and its interrelated elements. 4. Architecture refers to the technology of the central processing unit and its interrelated elements.

Q: Which of the following statements most accurately describes the difference between down time and response time? 1. Response time is the period of time when an information system is not operational and available for use whereas down time is the amount of time between a user action and the response from the information system. 2. Response time is the moment information is gleaned from the computer whereas down time is the period when the system is off. 3. Response time is the amount of time between a user action and the response from the information system whereas downtime refers to the period of time when an information system is not operational and available for use. 4. Response time occurs when the software is downloaded whereas down time refers to the period of time it takes for the software to activate.

Q: Which of the following statements best describes the term milestone? 1. A milestone is essential in developing a timeline. 2. A milestone delineates strategic planning goals. 3. A milestone is a major entity in the system's maintenance. 4. A milestone guides the selection of the system.

Q: Which of the following answers best represents the use of a Gantt chart? 1. A Gantt chart is a horizontal bar chart used to illustrate the start and finish dates of the elements of a project. 2. A Gantt chart is useful in the creation of a RFP. 3. A Gantt chart controls the strategic planning process. 4. A Gantt chart is an essential document presented to all stakeholders.

Q: How long did Melanson, Lindeman, and Jarolim (2007) note that it would take from the time that a committee is formed until a health care information system selection is finalized? 1. 14 months 2. Two years 3. Six months 4. Three years

Q: The methodology to assure the request for proposal (RFP) is structured to ensure successful system selection includes which of the following criteria? 1. Develop well constructed questions 2. Create a long list of elaborate questions 3. Request a quick review of the organization's needs 4. Selection of the final team to implement the system 5. Randomly ranked requirements

Q: Once the decision has been made as to which vendor's system to purchase, which department of the organization completes the final negotiations? 1. Information technology 2. Chief operating officer 3. Selection committee 4. Legal department

Q: Which of the following accurately describes the process of determining system requirements? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. The list of "musts" and "wants" are compiled from information gathered during numerous interviews. 2. Include only those criteria that are necessary at the present time and not in the future. 3. During the interview process the interviewers use a rating scale to weight the list of "musts" and "wants" from one to ten. 4. After the interviews are completed, the selection committee members use a rating scale to weight the list of "musts" and "wants" from one to ten. 5. The criteria are grouped into functional categories to present a full picture of the system requirements.

Q: Which of the following should the needs assessment committee do as a first step in the process of determining the organization's information needs? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Examining the vision of the organization 2. Using brainstorming to defining the expectations of the information system 3. Examining the strategic plan 4. Examining the mission statement 5. Establishing goals to guide the work of the committee

Q: The selection and implementation of an information system occurs through a well-defined process known as which of the following? 1. Request for proposal 2. Decision making 3. Strategic planning 4. Life cycle

Q: The needs assessment committee starts the process by examining which organization document? 1. Critical pathways 2. Staffing schedules 3. Mission statement 4. Memos from chief financial officer

Q: The information system life cycle in the text is divided into phases. Which of the following are considered part of the life cycle process? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Needs assessment 2. System selection 3. Problem solving 4. Implementation 5. Maintenance

Q: Which of the following methods can be used to collect information in order to determine information system requirements? 1. Schedule a focus group of maintenance personnel. 2. Send questionnaires to corporate partners. 3. Interview point-of-care staff only. 4. Interview staff members from each department.