Q&A Hero

Q: Where is the vasomotor center located?a. medulla oblongata b. pons c. hypothalamusd. cerebral cortex

Q: What portion of the total blood volume is contained in the venous system?a. 60% b. 80% c. 40%d. 50%

Q: Which vessels carry blood away from the heart?a. arteries b. veins c. capillariesd. arterioles

Q: What are the boundaries of the pulmonary vascular system?a. pulmonary trunk to left atriumb. right atrium to left atriumc. aorta to right atriumd. aorta to left ventricle

Q: Which valve lies at the base of the ascending aorta?a. aortic semilunar b. mitral c. tricuspidd. pulmonary semilunar

Q: Into what structures does the pulmonary trunk divide?a. right and left pulmonary arteries b. right and left pulmonary veins c. superior and inferior vena cavad. right and left coronary arteries

Q: Which structures connect the tricuspid valve leaflets to papillary muscles?a. chordae tendinae b. choanae c. coronary ligamentsd. conchae

Q: What is the name for the tube placed in arteries to structurally help prevent future blockage?a. stent b. angioplasty c. CABGd. catheterization

Q: What is the term for the procedure in which a radiopaque dye is injected to outline the coronary arteries?a. coronary angiography b. angioplasty c. coronary bypassd. catheterization

Q: Where does blood collected by the thebesian veins empty?a. right and left atria b. left ventricle c. right ventricled. pulmonary artery

Q: Which vessels collect the venous blood from the posterior portion of the heart?a. middle cardiac vein b. great cardiac vein c. coronary sinusd. thebesian veins

Q: Which vessels collect the venous blood from the anterior side of the heart?a. great cardiac veins b. middle cardiac vein c. coronary sinusd. thebesian veins

Q: Which valve is located at the exit of the right ventricle?a. pulmonary semilunarb. tricuspidc. mitrald. aortic semilunar

Q: Which valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle?a. bicuspid or mitral b. tricuspid c. pulmonary semilunard. aortic semilunar

Q: Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?a. tricuspid b. bicuspid c. pulmonary semilunard. aortic semilunar

Q: Which artery supplies blood to the posterior walls of the ventricles?a. posterior interventricular branch of right coronary arteryb. circumflex branch of left coronary arteryc. marginal branch of right coronary arteryd. anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery

Q: Which artery supplies blood to the interventricular septum?a. anterior interventricular branch of left coronary arteryb. circumflex branch of left coronary arteryc. marginal branch of right coronary arteryd. posterior interventricular branch of right coronary artery

Q: Which artery supplies blood to the left atrium and posterior wall of the left ventricle?a. circumflex branch of left coronary arteryb. anterior interventricular branch of left coronary arteryc. marginal branch of right coronary arteryd. posterior interventricular branch of right coronary artery

Q: From which layer of the heart wall is the electrical conduction system formed?a. myocardium b. endocardium c. epicardiumd. pericardium

Q: What is the inner layer of the heart called?a. endocardium b. epicardium c. myocardiumd. pericardium

Q: What is the middle layer of the heart called?a. myocardium b. epicardium c. endocardiumd. pericardium

Q: What is the term for a large collection of fluid in the pericardial sac that compresses the underlying structures?a. cardiac tamponade b. pleural effusion c. pulmonary edemad. hemathorax

Q: What is the clinical term for an inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart?a. pericarditis b. endocarditis c. pleurisyd. myocarditis

Q: What is the name of the inner-most layer of the pericardium?a. epicardium b. visceral pleura c. serous layer of the mediastinumd. parietal pericardium

Q: What is the name of the sac that encloses the heart?a. pericardium b. pleura c. mediastinumd. epicardium

Q: What is the term for the site where the heart is in contact with the chest wall?a. PMI b. POC c. PMCd. MIP

Q: In what cavity are the heart , great vessels, and thymus gland located?a. mediastinum b. pleural cavity c. peritoneeumd. pericardium

Q: What structure separates the atria in the heart?a. interatrial septum b. interventricular septum c. conchaed. pericardium

Q: What portion of plasma is composed of proteins?a. 7% b. 12% c. 2%d. 17%

Q: Which of the formed elements in the blood contain serotonin?a. platelets b. eosinophils c. basophilsd. neutrophils

Q: What are the smallest of the formed elements in the blood?a. platelets or thrombocytes b. basophils c. eosinophilsd. lymphocytes

Q: Which of the WBCs are the largest in size and can differentiate into macrophages?a. monocytes b. neutrophils c. lymphocytesd. basophils

Q: Which of the lymphocytes produce antibodies?a. B lymphocytes b. T lymphocytes c. NK lymphocytesd. a lymphocytes

Q: What is the second most numerous leukocyte in the blood?a. Lymphocytes b. Neutrophils c. monocytesd. eosinophils

Q: Which of the WBs contain heparin and histamine?a. basophils b. eosinophils c. neutrophilsd. monocytes

Q: Where are eosinophils primarily located?a. lining of the digestive and respiratory tractsb. alveolic. above the vocal cordsd. kidneys, liver, and lining of therespiratory tract

Q: Which white blood cells normally composes 65% of the total WBC count?a. Neutrophils b. Basophils c. Lymphocytesd. Basophils

Q: Which of the blood cells are considered to be polymorphonuclear granulocytes?a. Neutrophils b. Basophils c. Lymphocytesd. Basophils

Q: What information can be obtained from a CBC?I. HemoglobinII. HematocritIII. SpO2IV. WBC Differentiala. I, II, and IV only b. I, II, III, and IV c. I and II onlyd. II and IV only

Q: Which respiratory disorder would be suspected if a patient had an eosinophil count of 8%?a. asthma b. pulmonary edema c. pulmonary embolid. pneumonia

Q: What is the term for an increase in the number of WBCs?a. leukocytosis b. polycythemia c. anemiad. leukopenia

Q: What is the term for the WBC's ability to leave the blood vessel?a. diapedesis b. migration c. transferenced. egression

Q: Which of the following are agranulocytes?I. LymphocytesII. NeutrophilsIII. EosinophilsIV.Monocytesa. I and IV only b. I, II, II, and IV c. I, II, and IV onlyd. I, III, and IV only

Q: Which of the following are granulocytes?I. LymphocytesII. NeutrophilsIII. EosinophilsIV.Basophilsa. II, III, and IV only b. I, II, III, and IV c. I onlyd. II and III only

Q: What is the primary function of leukocytes?a. protection against invading microrganismsb. body temperature regulationc. transport of nutrientsd. clot formation

Q: Which anemia results from an autosomal recessive hereditary disorder?a. Sickle cell b. hemorrhagic c. nutritional deficiencyd. hemolytic

Q: Which anemia results from an inadeqaute dietary intake of vitamin B12?a. pernicious b. hemorrhagic c. nutritional deficiencyd. hemolytic

Q: Which type of anemia is due to snake venom?a. hemolytic b. hemorrhagic c. perniciousd. aplastic

Q: Which type of anemia is due to blood loss?a. hemorrhagic b. hemolytic c. perniciousd. aplastic

Q: Which type of anemia is due to a deficiency of iron in the diet?a. nutritional deficiency b. hemorrhagic c. perniciousd. aplastic

Q: What is the major component of the RBC that accounts for the red color?a. hemoglobin b. myoglobin c. carboxyhemoglobind. methemoglobin

Q: What is the average lifespan of a RBC?a. 120 days b. 150 days c. 90 daysd. 60 days

Q: Which organs are responsible for destroying RBCs?a. spleen and liver b. liver and kidneys c. spleen and kidneysd. liver and pancreas

Q: Where is the bone marrow located that produces erythrocytes?I. CraniumII. VertebraeIII. Ribs and sternumIV. Femura. I, II, III, and IV b. II, III, and IV only c. II and IV onlyd. I, II, and III only

Q: In a healthy newborn, what is the hematocrit value?a. 45-60% b. 35-45% c. 55-70%d. 25-40%

Q: In the normal adult male, what is the hematocrit value?a. 45% b. 40% c. 55%d. 50%

Q: What is the term or acronym for the percentage of RBCs in the blood volume?a. hematocrit b. HBV ratio c. hematocyte %d. RBCV

Q: .What is the primary function of erythrocytes?a. transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungsb. transport nutrients and waste productsc. regulate pH of bloodd. form clots

Q: Which of the following compose the formed elements of blood?I. RBCsII. WBCsIII. PlateletsIV.Plasmaa. I, II, and III only b. I, II, III, and IV c. I and II onlyd. I, II, and IV only

Q: What is the average blood volume in adult males?a. 5-6 L b. 3-4 L c. 6-7 Ld. 4-5L

Q: What is the average blood volume in adult females?a. 4-5 L b. 3-4 L c. 5-6 Ld. 6-7 L

Q: What percent of the total body weight can be attributed to blood?a. 8% b. 4% c. 12%d. 16%

Q: How is oxygen diffusion affected when pulmonary edema is present?a. Diffusion is indirectly related to thickness of the a-c membrane so diffusion will decreaseb. Diffusion is indirectly related to the thickness of the a-c membrane so diffusion will increasec. Diffusion is directly related to thickness of the a-c membrane so diffusion will increased. Diffusion is directly related to the thickness of the a-c membrane so diffusion will decrease

Q: Which of the following are central nervous system effects associated with oxygen toxicity?I. TremorsII. TwitchingIII. ConvulsionsIV. comaa. I, II, III, and IV b. I, II, and III only c. III and IV onlyd. I, II, and IV only

Q: Which of the following are pulmonary effects associated with oxygen toxicity?I. TracheobronchitisII. Substernal chest painIII. Increased lung complianceIV. Increased TLCa. I and II only b. I, II, and III only c. III and IV onlyd. I, II, and IV only

Q: Which law states that the amount of gas that dissolves in a liquid is directly related to the partial pressure of the gas?a. Henry's b. Fick's c. Dalton'sd. Graham's

Q: Which of the following conditions are indications for HBOT?I. Clostridial gangreneII. Intracranial abcessIII. Radiation necrosisIV. Refractory osteomyelitisa. I, II, III, and IV b. I and IV only c. II and III onlyd. I, III, and IV only

Q: Which of the following pulmonary disorders cause the alveolar-capillary membrane thickness to increase?I. Pulmonary edemaII. SclerodermaIII. ARDSIV. Pneumoniaa. I, II, III, and IV b. I, III and IV only c. I and II onlyd. I and IV only

Q: Which law is represented by the equation below?V gas = [AD (P1-P2)] / Ta. Fick's law b. Dalton's law c. Henry's lawd. Boyle's law

Q: Under normal resting conditions, what is the total transit time required for blood to move through the alveolar capillary system?a. 0.75 seconds b. 0.25 seconds c. 0.5 secondsd. 1 second

Q: In a healthy adult at rest, what duration is required for diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the alveolary capillary membrane to be complete?a. 0.25 sec b. 0.75 sec c. 0.025 secd. 0.075 sec

Q: In a healthy adult at rest at sea level, what is the normal carbon dioxide gradient across the alveolar capillary membrane?a. 6 mm Hg b. 60 mm Hg c. 40 mm Hgd. 27 mm Hg

Q: For a healthy adult at rest, what is the normal pressure gradient for oxygen across the alveolar-capillary membrane when breathing room air at sea level?a. 60 mm Hg b. 6 mm Hg c. 40 mm Hgd. 46 mm Hg

Q: In a healthy individual at rest, what is the average carbon dioxide tension of venous content blood as it enters the pulmonary capillary?a. 46 mm Hg b. 40 mm Hg c. 35 mm Hgd. 27 mm Hg

Q: What are the final three layers (7-8-9) that an oxygen molecule must cross when moving from the alveoli into the blood?a. plasma of the capillary blood, the erythrocyte membrane, and the intracellular fluid in the erythrocyte.b. the liquid lining the intra-alveolar membrane, alveolar epithelial cell, and the basement membrane of the alveolar epithelial cellc. interstitial space, basement membrane of the capillary endothelium, and the intracellular fluid of the erythrocyted. the interstitial space, basement membrane of the capillary endothelium, and the capillary endothelium

Q: What are the middle three layers (4-5-6) that an oxygen molecule must cross when moving from the alveoli into the blood?a. interstitial space, basement membrane of the capillary endothelium, and the capillary endotheliumb. the liquid lining the intra-alveolar membrane, alveolar epithelial cell, and the basement membrane of the alveolar epithelial cellc. interstitial space, basement membrane of the capillary endothelium, and the intracellular fluid of the erythrocyted. plasma of the capillary blood, the erythrocyte membrane, and the intracellular fluid in the erythrocyte.

Q: In order, what are the first three layers of the alveolar capillary membrane that an oxygen molecule crosses?I. Liquid lining the intra-alveolar membraneII. Alveolar epithelial cellIII. Basement membrane of the alveolar epithelial cellIV. Interstitial spacea. I, II and III b. I, II and IV c. I, III, and IVd. II, II, IV

Q: What is the normal thickness of the alveolar capillary membrane?a. 0.36 - 2.5 microns b. 0.36 - 2.5 mm c. 2.6-3.6 micronsd. 2.6 - 3.5 mm

Q: What is the term for the passive movement of gas molecules from a high partial pressure to an area of low partial pressure until equilibrium is reached?a. diffusion b. active transport c. pressure gradientd. osmosis

Q: When can the simplified alveolar gas equation be used?I. PaCO2 less than 60 mm HgII. PaCO2 greater than 60 mm HgIII. FIO2 0.6 or greaterIV. FIO2 0.6 or lowera. I and III only b. II and IV only c. I onlyd. II only