Q&A Hero

Q: Which type of news organization would be most likely to cover foreign affairs news? A. blogs B. talk radio C. cable news D. social media

Q: Local news coverage of elections is mostly about ______. A. candidate traits and experience B. candidate policy positions *C. who is winning or losing the horse race D. what voter groups are likely to support which candidates and why E. all of these

Q: Indexing refers to which of the following? A. the fact that that the media generally emphasize the governments positions until many respected sources voice strong dissent B. foreign affairs correspondents use of index cards to keep their notes in the field C. journalists use of call lists for their elite government sources D. none of these

Q: Local newspapers are dying out across the country; this trend was especially pronounced between 2000 and 2014.

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the pressures that shape foreign affairs news? A. cultural pressures B. political pressures C. media diplomacy D. economic pressures E. All of these are pressures that shape foreign affairs news.

Q: Local reporters typically have less education and experience than their national counterparts.

Q: The __________ is the belief that media coverage of foreign affairs has at times prompted political action by the government. Red Cross effect Media Intervention effect CNN effect Amnesty International Media effect None of these

Q: When members of Congress earn a lot of coverage, it is because they have been working hard on important policy issues.

Q: Congress gets close to the same amount of coverage as the president, but only if you count coverage of individual legislators in addition to the institution.

Q: Social media networks are attractive communication venues for leaders because it allows direct transmission of their messages.

Q: That Congress is a body of lawmakers makes it less appealing for coverage.

Q: The American public is often inattentive during campaigns, tuning out major parts of the campaign, and the 2016 presidential election was no different.

Q: Presidential coverage in national news is partly driven by the fact that the executive office is supposed to represent the entire country, while legislators serve individual districts or states.

Q: In recent years, the honeymoon period between the press and the president has gotten considerably longer.

Q: Even local newspapers and local television news ignore members of Congress.

Q: Presidential candidates Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton earned consistently negative coverage during the 2016 presidential general election.

Q: House members tend to get more coverage than senators.

Q: What are the characteristics of the office of the president that enable it to attract to much more coverage relative to the other branches?

Q: Most members of Congress avoid the use of social media like Facebook and Twitter.

Q: What are the characteristics of Congress that make coverage of only certain members commonplace?

Q: The relationship between members of Congress and the press is much friendlier and less interdependent and cautious than between the press and president.

Q: What is a possible upside of receiving less coverage, as in the apparent case of the judiciary?

Q: The courts tend to get far less press coverage but court coverage is typically of much higher quality.

Q: What is the honeymoon period and why is it significant for governance?

Q: Judges and justices remain completely unaffected by media coverage and public opinion.

Q: What are the four presidential communication strategies?

Q: How has the broader trend of declining resources of newsrooms impacted coverage of the courts?

Q: Why is the relationship between political leaders both adversarial and co-dependent? Explain this paradox and the relationship it has to news content and governance.

Q: President Obama spent the first several weeks of his second term dealing with controversy related to which of the following? A. the discovery of a massive secret U.S. government surveillance program B. the administrations handling of the attack in Benghazi C. IRS targeting of Tea Party groups D. all of these

Q: Describe the relationship between the structure of the three major U.S. government institutions and the amount and type of coverage they receive (i.e., rank them according to how much they are covered and the nature of that coverage and then explain why the different types of institution get more/less and favorable/unfavorable coverage). Then, relate this to their relative levels of popularity with the citizenry. Finally, build on this to make an argument about why the news media matter to politics and governance.

Q: Which major branch of government gets the most coverage from mainstream media? A. executive B. legislative C. judicial D. No majority as coverage is mostly equivalent.

Q: What are the various media-related reasons that modern presidents have trouble shaping public opinion with respect to their policy agendas?

Q: You could say that yesterdays political press release is todays politician tweet.

Q: What are various ways that presidential digital communication has evolved in recent years? What are some of the implications for citizenship and governance?

Q: The early phases of Obamas second term and Trumps first 100 days in office highlighted the adversarial nature of the relationship between the press and the president.

Q: The only time Supreme Court justices typically receive substantial media coverage is during ______. A. their first few days on the bench B. their election campaigns C. the hearings conducted before their appointment D. during their book tours

Q: The three major branches of government earn high volumes of coverage from the national press, in roughly equal proportions.

Q: Ones amount of policy work, or legislative effort, is a major determinant of Congress members national news coverage.

Q: How does the pressure to keep the news appealing to audiences influence its informative content?

Q: The reason fact-checking is so effective is that it is often successfully used to correct misinformation and change peoples minds.

Q: How does the aim of attracting young viewers in particular shape news content?

Q: The American public is well informed about the scientific communitys consensus on issues related to policy.

Q: What are the major consequences of the heavy news emphasis on conflict, violence, and bad news? Essay

Q: What is muckraking?

Q: How do the norms and routines of journalists shape the content of political news coverage? Give some examples and explain why these influences on news content are important to consider.

Q: What are frames? Why does it matter that journalist are chief framers?

Q: What are the news production constraints that shape the news? How do these influence news content in ways that are important in a democratic society?

Q: What is agenda building and why is it important?

Q: How do public relations efforts influence the news? Does PR influence on the news mean the news is a distortion of reality? Does it matter? Why or why not?

Q: What are major news values satisfied by investigative journalism stories?

Q: What are some of the characteristics of covering crises that make it challenging for journalists and unique relative to other types of coverage?

Q: What are the relative costs and benefits of melding political activism with journalism? When is it good? When could it be harmful? Should it be encouraged or discouraged?

Q: Describe the three major stages of crisis coverage.

Q: How does the collaboration between journalists and nonprofit groups help offset the declining resources facing most newsrooms? What are the other implications of such collaborations?

Q: What are some typical routines, behaviors, and/or values that journalists and news organizations follow? How might they shape or affect the news? How might they contribute to media bias or perceived media bias? What are the implications?

Q: Describe and explain the three models of muckraking. Outline the implications of each.

Q: What kinds of groups or organizations should have the easiest time getting media coverage? A. low-status organizations dealing with routine human concerns B. protest groups C. policy groups D. none of these

Q: How might journalists influence policy through the use of leaks? Discuss the SnowdenNSA example or another timely example to answer this question.

Q: Digital media outlets are proving to have significantly more diversity in their newsrooms relative to major legacy newspapers.

Q: The role of public opinion in muckraking efforts to change policy can be described as ______. A. significant B. minimal C. absent D. all of these

Q: Are journalists political actors? Should they be? Why or why not?

Q: What is gatekeeping? Who are the gatekeepers in news organizations?

Q: Journalists began to use ______ frames for immigration stories; it had a notable influence on public opinion. A. economic B. national security C. crime D. all of these

Q: Name five criteria journalists use for choosing news stories.

Q: Informative value is one of the major criteria for choosing news stories.

Q: What are pseudo-events?

Q: Watergate and Obamas NSA scandal are great examples of journalists in their watchdog role.

Q: What are some of the structural and organizational changes in the news business in the twenty-first century that are thought to have harmed the quality of news?

Q: Civic journalism bears that name because of its emphasis on civic facts.

Q: How does civic journalism differ from traditional journalism?

Q: Muckraking only works when public opinion is stirred up to exert pressure on public officials.

Q: Most people pay at least some attention to politicians communications on social media.

Q: Has the modern media environment lived up to expectations for a digital democracy? Why or why not?

Q: Media hybridity refers to the fact that in the contemporary media environment, you can use dual screen.

Q: Is there a relationship between todays fragmented media environment and political polarization? Explain the argument about why fragmented media could promote polarization. Assess the state of the empirical evidence on this subject.

Q: Mobile app users stay on news sites for long periods of time, but many more people reach news sites via mobile browsers.

Q: Newspeoples demographic profiles resemble ______. A. the diversity reflected in the U.S. population B. liberal democrats C. white male college graduates D. political extremists

Q: The use of mobile devices for news consumption has grown considerably since 2013.

Q: Research suggests that most news caters to ______. A. minorities and poor people B. young people C. older people D. the tastes of audiences that advertisers find most attractive

Q: Advertising spending for online news revenue has held steady over the last few years but ad revenue for mobile is increasing drastically.