Q&A Hero

Q: The client tells the nurse that the medications are so expensive and says that there is a website that sells the medications at quite a reduction. What education is warranted by the nurse?1. The client should try the medications for a while and note if they seem to have the same effect.2. There are no legitimate sources for psychiatric medications on the internet.3. Legitimate internet pharmacies carry accreditation that can be verified.4. Less expensive medications will not work as well as those that cost more.

Q: The nurse evaluates which of the following client statements as validation that the teaching on lithium was effective?1. I will restrict fluids to 100 ml per eight hours.2. I will quit taking lithium if I get depressed.3. I will have my blood levels checked every two to three months.4. I will have liver function tests every six months.

Q: The client asks the nurse how the SSRI antidepressant that the client is prescribed works. What nursing response is correct?1. SSRIs work on depression by sedating the centers of the brain responsible for worrying.2. SSRIs allow more of a chemical neurotransmitter, serotonin, to be available to areas of the brain.3. SSRIs are stimulants that enhance the activity of the brain and pleasure centers.4. SSRIs decrease the amount of norepinephrine available in the lower cortical areas.

Q: A family member tells the nurse that much information is available on the internet about medications. This family member asks the nurse to explain what neurotransmitters are impacted by lithium. Which nursing response is correct?1. Lithium interacts with GABA and opens the chloride channels.2. Lithium lowers the amount of serotonin and norepinephrine available in the neural synapses.3. Lithium increases the amount of dopamine available at the postsynaptic receptor.4. Lithium raises the norepinephrine levels in the neural synapse.

Q: At a medication education meeting, a colleague asks the nurse how medications that increase acetylcholine are helpful to people with dementia. What nursing response is correct?1. The cholinergic system is useful in helping to dull clients' awareness of their progressive losses.2. Acetylcholine is involved in restoring serotonin and other chemicals that decrease anxiety.3. Acetylcholine is helpful in censoring feelings that arise in the midbrain and cause distress.4. The cholinergic system is involved in memory, problem solving, and other cognitive skills.

Q: Because venlafaxine (Effexor) increases norepinephrine, the nurse assesses for what symptom in the client, especially when the client is on the higher doses of this medication?1. Sedation2. Hypothermia3. Bradycardia4. Elevated blood pressure

Q: A nurse new to psychiatry asks her colleague why the newer antipsychotic medications do not cause as many EPSEs as do the conventional antipsychotic medications. Which response, if made by the nurse, is correct?1. The newer antipsychotics also have a muscle relaxing effect that masks the EPSEs.2. The newer antipsychotics do not impact dopamine.3. The newer antipsychotics only act in the lower extrapyramidal dopamine pathways.4. The newer antipsychotics have less affinity for dopamine receptors and also bind to serotonin receptors.

Q: The client with bipolar disorder, who is on Divalproex, asks the nurse why the psychiatrist ordered an anticonvulsant when the client has no history of seizures.1. Clients with bipolar disorder are at increased risk of having seizures and are treated to prevent them.2. Divalproex is not an anticonvulsant; it is an antipsychotic medication.3. The client must be on another medication that lowers the seizure threshold and the Divalproex is protective.4. Several anticonvulsant medications, including Divalproex, are used as mood stabilizers.

Q: In order to plan for the care of a client on an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, the nurse should assess for which of the following?1. Level of depression2. Memory impairment3. Blood pressure4. Mania

Q: In reviewing the history of a client on risperidone (Risperdal), the nurse notes that no previous diagnosis is available. The nurse knows that the newer atypical antipsychotic medications are commonly given for which of the following syndromes?Standard Text: Select all that apply.1. Dementia with psychotic features2. Schizophrenia3. Antisocial personality disorder4. Attention deficit disorder5. Bipolar I disorder

Q: In preparing for the treatment of a client only on carbamazepine (Tegretol), the nurse plans for which of the following?1. A client with auditory hallucinations2. A client with mood instability or convulsions3. A client with memory deficits4. A client with alcohol withdrawal or delusions

Q: The client with bipolar disorder has been on lamotrigine (Lamictal) for three years and has had a stable mood for one year and asks what the risks would be of just stopping all the lamotrigine at once. Which nursing response is the most important point?1. Stopping this medication is usually not problematic.2. Stopping this medication could trigger a panic attack.3. Stopping this medication may trigger headaches.4. Stopping this medication abruptly carries the risk of seizures.

Q: The client who was taking zaleplon (Sonata) took about an hour to fall asleep the first night after it was discontinued. The client asks the nurse if this means that the client is addicted to the medication. Which nursing response is correct?1. There are no sedative"hypnotics that can be addictive.2. This medication is not associated with withdrawal symptoms.3. Usually the medication is tapered off over six weeks to prevent withdrawal.4. The client is addicted, but withdrawal is mild.

Q: The client reports that the medication must be effective since the hallucinations are now markedly diminished. The nurse documents that the client is responding positively to which of the following medications?1. Paroxetine (Paxil)2. Methylphenidate (Ritalin)3. Zolpidem (Ambien)4. Olanzapine (Zyprexa)

Q: The client says to the nurse, "I"m worried that this new antidepressant may not be working because I always feel tired after taking it in the morning." The nursing response should be based on what principle?1. Antidepressants can have a sedating effect.2. Antidepressants only have a stimulant effect.3. Antidepressants that cause sedation usually cause tremors.4. Antidepressants that cause sedation are not effective.

Q: The white blood cell count of the client on clozapine (Clozaril) is 2.8. What action should the nurse take?1. Hold the medication and call the psychiatrist.2. Administer the medication and monitor the next count.3. Monitor the client for orthostatic hypotension.4. Check to see if the thyroid levels are normal.

Q: The client with depression was started on flurazepam (Dalmane) and looks very tired after breakfast. What factors should the nurse assess related to the client's tiredness?Standard Text: Select all that apply.1. If the client has felt hung-over from this medication in the past2. If the client's blood pressure is elevated3. If the client's TSH level is low4. The level of the client's depression5. The length and quality of the client's sleep

Q: The client with schizophrenia is on olanzapine (Zyprexa) and has gained ten pounds in the four weeks after its initiation. The client asks the nurse if the weight gain is related to this medication. What nursing response is correct?1. This medication is associated with weight gain in some clients.2. The client is most likely gaining weight due to a hidden alcohol problem.3. The client was evidently not weighed correctly initially.4. The client is probably just feeling better and eating more.

Q: The client with schizophrenia was started on imipramine (Tofranil) for a depressed mood and subsequently started hearing voices again and refuses to take the Tofranil because the client thinks it is poison. The nursing response is based on what information?1. Tricyclic antidepressants can trigger overt symptoms in someone with schizophrenia.2. There is no evidence that tricyclic antidepressants trigger psychotic symptoms in susceptible clients.3. Often new antipsychotic medications like imipramine have paradoxical effects.4. MAOIs do not interact well with other antipsychotic medications and can cause worsening of symptoms.

Q: A 15-year-old client was depressed due to the loss of the client's mother and was placed on venlafaxine (Effexor). Two weeks later the client returns to the clinic and says, "I am feeling worse and have no hope." What nursing action is a priority?1. Assess for suicidality.2. Ask what the client enjoys.3. Assess if the client is sleeping at night.4. Evaluate how the client's other family members are coping.

Q: When the nurse reviews the effectiveness of the client's lithium level, the nurse should take into account which of the following client factors?1. Marital status2. Gender3. Ethnicity4. Weight

Q: The client of Asian extraction asks the nurse why the client's own dose of antipsychotic medication is effective yet so much lower than other clients who are mostly from European extraction. Which nursing response is correct?1. People of Asian extraction have higher expressed emotionality leading to better prognosis and lower dosages.2. Often people of Asian extraction have lower metabolic rates and need lower amounts of medication.3. There is no correlation between ethnic background and the amount of medication someone receives.4. People of European extraction have more side effects from medication than do those of Asian extraction.

Q: A client previously treated for insomnia with flurazepam (Dalmane) is being switched to eszopiclone (Lunesta). How would the nurse explain the benefits of the newer nonbenzodiazepines as compared to the benzodiazepines for the treatment of insomnia?1. Benzodiazepines do not induce sleep.2. Nonbenzodiazepines lead to more withdrawal.3. Nonbenzodiazepines trigger a rebound effect.4. Nonbenzodiazepines do not produce as much hangover effect.

Q: A mental health nurse is reviewing the post-test responses for a staff educational session that the nurse provided on the chronological development of psychiatric medications. Which of the following responses would indicate the participants understood the information correctly?Standard Text: Select all that apply.1. The newer antidepressants, the SSRI group, have fewer side effects than the older antidepressants.2. The effectiveness of antidepressants has led to research resulting in a better understanding of brain biochemistry.3. The discovery of chlorpromazine (Thorazine) dramatically changed psychiatric treatment.4. Few new psychiatric medications are needed due to the large number of safe and effective current medications.5. Each new type of psychiatric medication was developed due to a focus on a specific psychiatric illness and not due to chance.

Q: A client with a long history of schizophrenia is being switched from a conventional antipsychotic medication to a newer antipsychotic. The client asks, "I wonder why I am being switched since I have not had hallucinations for years. The psychiatrist said something about negative symptoms." Which response by the nurse is correct?1. Negative symptoms are those that interrupt your life, such as hearing voices or thinking that people are out to get you.2. The conventional antipsychotic medications do not work well with positive symptoms, such as hallucinations.3. You must have heard wrong because medications would not be switched due to negative symptoms.4. Newer antipsychotic medications work on hallucinations as well as negative symptoms, such as lack of motivation.

Q: A nurse in the inpatient unit says to the client, "I want to speak to you about the drugs you are taking, particularly the antipsychotic ones." After the client walks away without interacting, the nurse asks another nurse for suggestions. Which of the following would help the nurse improve this interaction?Standard Text: Select all that apply.1. Use the word medication instead of drugs.2. Explain that you want to talk "with" the client not "to" the client.3. Set up an appointment with the client at least a day in advance of the discussion.4. State the name of the medication instead of the word antipsychotic.5. Have the psychiatrist speak with the client about medications since this is not a nursing role.

Q: A nurse planning a staff education session would correctly explain the role of psychopharmacologic treatment as which of the following?1. Decrease clients' worst symptoms so that they do not require long-term treatment.2. Promote clients' physiologic stability so that they can grow holistically.3. Stabilize clients so that they can participate in psychoanalysis.4. Manage clients so that they are happy and do not have to endure the stresses of everyday life.

Q: The nurse expresses ambivalence about the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). How can this attitude influence client care?1. This attitude may be communicated to the client and the family, thus hindering the nursing care.2. The client may be unaware of the nurse's attitude.3. The nurse's attitude may spread to other staff members.4. The nurse's ambivalence will have no effect as long as the nurse is professional.

Q: The nurse is learning how to reduce the stigma associated with substance dependence. What knowledge of psychobiology will help reduce the stigma?1. Clients with alcohol dependence cannot be held accountable for their actions.2. Relapse is a common feature of substance abuse.3. There is heritability and predisposition to alcohol dependence as well as complex environmental influences.4. Alcoholics Anonymous is an accepted treatment approach.

Q: Which statement describes the benefits of integrating psychobiology into nursing care?1. A psychobiologic approach enables the nurse to modify assessments, diagnoses, interventions, and evaluations of clients' response patterns.2. A psychobiologic approach is not compatible with the nursing process.3. A psychobiologic approach will provide a theoretical framework from which to practice.4. A psychobiologic approach is utilized only by physicians.

Q: A client who presents in the psychiatric unit tells the admitting nurse that he or she is very depressed and is having a hard time staying clean and sober. Which of the following describes the psychobiology of his or her illness?1. Depression or other mental illness should be treated with compatible medications.2. Depression or other mental illnesses are symptoms of the substance abuse.3. There is heritability and predisposition to alcohol dependence as well as complex environmental influences.4. Depression or other mental illnesses is an expected outcome of substance abuse recovery.

Q: An involuntary client being treated for an acute exacerbation of paranoid schizophrenia refuses the morning dose of medication. The nurse is frustrated and wonders if the client will ever develop insight. What aspects of psychobiology could help reframe the client's behavior for the nurse?1. The client is not responsible for the behavior.2. Adhering to the client's medication regimen is a priority to the nursing care.3. The frontal and parietal lobe involvement in schizophrenia can cause an unawareness of the illness or the need to take medications.4. The client's brain chemistry is altered and medications will help.

Q: A new nurse in a psychiatric program tells the charge nurse "I"m not sure I feel safe working with all of these crazy people." Select the best reply by the charge nurse.1. "Don"t worry, you"ll get used to it."2. "Believe me, it is not safe to work with some of these clients."3. "Maybe you should consider transferring to a medical-surgical floor."4. "It sounds like you need to discuss your feelings with the clinical supervisor."

Q: The nurse and a client are discussing the diagnosis of depression. The client asks, "Where in my brain does the depression come from?" The nurse is aware that:1. The occipital lobe governs perceptions of events, judging them as positive or negative.2. The parietal lobe has been linked to depression.3. The limbic system is thought to be the emotional center of the brain.4. The medulla regulates key biological and psychological activities.

Q: When focusing on psychobiology, what is most important for the client's family to understand?1. The client's symptoms2. The underlying neurobiology of behavior3. The client's medication regimen4. The client's phenotype

Q: A member of the client's family tells the nurse that they don"t understand the choice of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for their mother's depression. The family member states they are worried about the damage her brain will incur from the grand mal seizure. What will the nurse teach the family members about ECT?1. Grand mal seizures are not life threatening.2. They can withdraw consent at any time.3. ECT is a safe and effective treatment option for depression.4. The induced seizure lasts less than a minute.

Q: The nurse is working with a client and family. When planning care, the nurse will consider principles underlying psychobiological research including which of the following concepts?1. Mental illness is primarily considered to be a consequence of environment.2. The brain is unresponsive to the environment.3. The brain is relatively unchangeable after birth.4. Understanding the role of neurotransmitters in the formation of behavior is valuable to nursing care.

Q: A client tells visiting family that a test was done to see how the client's brain was functioning. The family asks the nurse if there really is such a test. The nurse realizes that the client had which type of test?1. Computerized tomography (CT)2. Positron emission test (PET)3. Single photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT)4. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Q: The mother of a client diagnosed with schizophrenia is tearful and wonders aloud if she passed the illness on to her child, and if her grandchild will also develop the disease. The nurse should reply with which statement?1. "I see you are feeling upset. Do you want to talk?"2. "Schizophrenia does have a strong genetic link, but at present there is no specific genetic test for it."3. "Your grandchild has nothing to worry about."4. "You and your child should volunteer for genetic research."

Q: A client with bipolar disorder tells the nurse, "I am thinking of switching to an alternating day/night shift because it pays more and will give me more time with my children." The nurse's reply should be based on the knowledge of which of the following?1. The client's priority is steady employment.2. The client should contact the nurse if prodromal symptoms of the bipolar disorder occur.3. Disruptions in biologic rhythms can impact the client's bipolar disorder.4. Biologic rhythms do not influence mood disorders.

Q: During a medications management class, the nurse discusses the use of antipsychotic medications to treat psychosis. Which of the following statements indicate how these medications affect neurotransmitter activity?1. Antipsychotics increase dopamine receptors.2. Antipsychotics decrease the sensitivity of the receptor sites on the post-synaptic neuron.3. Antipsychotics increase the amount of dopamine in the post-synaptic neuron.4. Antipsychotics block dopamine receptors.

Q: The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. What will the nurse tell the client about the activity of the amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), benzodiazepines, and the effect on anxiety?1. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter.2. GABA increases neuronal excitability.3. GABA increases can be neurotoxic.4. GABA is an excitatory neurotransmitter.

Q: Stress-related symptoms account for 60% of all primary care visits. What are the implications for practice?1. An understanding of how stress influences disease will allow us to identify appropriate treatments.2. An understanding of stress will allow us to teach clients stress reduction techniques.3. An understanding of stress will allow us to identify integrative treatments.4. An understanding of stress will allow us to identify clients at risk of mental illness.

Q: A client is administered the dexamethasone suppression test (DST), which attempts to assess the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. How will the results of the test be used?1. To identify genetic predisposition2. To diagnose psychiatric illness3. To identify appropriate treatment4. To identify pathology in the HPA axis function

Q: The immune system is a complex system of cells, proteins, and functional systems. When the brain directly influences the immune system, this can be interpreted as what field of study?1. Neuroendocrinology2. Immunology3. Psychoendocrinology4. Psychoneuroimmunology

Q: An individual is subjected to chronic uncontrollable stress. What will be the effect on the client's neuroendocrine function?1. Hypoactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and release of substance P2. Hypoactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and release of dopamine3. Hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and release of dopamine4. Hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and release of substance P

Q: The client with a diagnosis of major depression tells the nurse that multiple generations of women in her family also suffered from depression. She states "I guess it is a family tradition to have problems dealing with stress." The nurse tells the client which of the following?1. There is evidence to suggest that genotype is not influenced by stress.2. There is probably a shared stressful environment.3. Mood disorders do seem to have some basis in heredity among other contributing factors.4. There is no evidence to suggest a familial occurrence of mood disorders.

Q: The family of a client with a diagnosis of dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) has expressed concern that they may inherit the disorder. The nurse tells the family which of the following?1. There appear to be genetic links in the development of early onset DAT.2. There are no genetic links.3. There is evidence to suggest increased cerebral blood flow causes DAT.4. There is evidence to suggest massive neuronal death causes DAT.

Q: A client with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder asks the nurse what caused the illness. What should the nurse tell the client regarding the genetic transmission of bipolar disorder?1. Bipolar disorder is caused by environmental factors.2. There is no known cause for the development of bipolar disorder.3. There appears to be a genetic link in the transmission of bipolar disease.4. There is one single gene responsible for bipolar disorder.

Q: The advanced practice psychiatric nurse is preparing staff education on neurotransmitters. Which statement would be included in the teaching presentation?1. There are two classes of neurotransmitters.2. Each neurotransmitter functions in the same manner.3. Neurotransmitters consistently act in either an excitatory or inhibitory manner.4. Neurotransmitters and receptors do not vary in their affinity for each other.

Q: A nurse is teaching a client how selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medications work. The client states "I am depressed, why I should learn about serotonin is beyond me." The nurse should explain that:1. Decreased serotonin will increase the client's energy levels.2. Serotonin will help the client think more clearly.3. Serotonin is associated with alterations in mood.4. Increased serotonin will assist with sleep patterns.

Q: A client hospitalized for psychotic symptoms including auditory hallucinations and delusions of reference is prescribed a medication with a strong dopamine blocking action. The nurse teaches the client to recognize which symptom as a possible side effect of the medication?1. Muscle stiffness2. Constipation3. Orthostatic intolerance4. Dry mouth

Q: A client is hospitalized for psychotic symptoms including auditory hallucinations and paranoid delusions. Based on an understanding of neurobiology, the nurse knows the psychotic symptoms arise from disruptions in which neurotransmitter?1. Norepinephrine2. Serotonin3. Acetylcholine4. Dopamine

Q: A client is admitted to the medical surgical unit with a brain tumor. The nurse can anticipate that a client with a tumor in the frontal lobes will have problems with:1. Sensory functions.2. The ability to think and plan.3. Long-term memory.4. Memory and judgment.

Q: The nurse is assessing the client for signs and symptoms of brain dysfunction. If the limbic system function is disrupted, you expect the client to have difficulty with:1. Emotional responses.2. Consciousness.3. Vital life functions.4. Auditory hallucinations.

Q: Clients with visual hallucinations are experiencing problems in their:1. Temporal lobe2. Occipital lobe3. Right frontal lobe4. Parietal lobe

Q: During an assessment, the nurse identifies that the client is having problems learning from the past, difficulty dressing self, and cannot recognize written words. What brain structure dysfunction is exhibited by the client's inability to recognize written words?1. Frontal lobe dysfunction2. Temporal lobe dysfunction3. Parietal lobe dysfunction4. Occipital lobe dysfunction

Q: The psychiatric"mental health nurse is asked to consult with an emergency room nurse about a client who has been refusing to cooperate with lab work for over four hours. The client appears frightened, answers questions reluctantly, and has no family present. Which response of the psychiatric"mental health nurse demonstrates a humanistic"interactional approach to the situation?1. "Have you asked if the client wants to have a friend or family member to be here?"2. "Have you offered medication for anxiety?"3. "Give the client some time alone to decide whether or not to accept treatment."4. "I would ask for a full psychiatric evaluation before discharge."

Q: The psychiatric"mental health nurse is asked to prepare an educational conference for unlicensed staff working in a day treatment program for hyperactive children with borderline intelligence. Using fundamental concepts of cognitive behaviorist theory, which of the following conference exercises would the nurse include?1. Have a contest to choose the best staff-designed time-out room where children can comfortably spend significant periods alone.2. Include sessions for staff to practice talking with parents about the benefits of having their child transferred to an institutional setting where he or she would have access to highly trained experts.3. Ask staff to work in teams to develop a token economy program that uses a prescribed daily routine and reinforcers for the children.4. Show a brief movie that demonstrates the simplicity of using behavior modification.

Q: A middle-aged parent goes to the emergency room for symptoms of dizziness, headache, and suicidal ideation. The nurse assesses the patient for substance use, employment, child-rearing stressors, relationships with coworkers, recurring physical symptoms, and marital problems. The nurse is:1. Failing to focus on the seriousness of the primary presenting problem.2. Establishing rapport that will decrease the likelihood of suicide.3. Doing more than the nurse's share of the interdisciplinary assessment.4. Formulating a holistic"interactional assessment needed to interpret clinical data.

Q: The psychiatric"mental health nurse's scope of practice includes:1. Developing a comfortable relationship with the client.2. Establishing a routine for clients to manage basic life issues of eating, sleeping, grooming, and hygiene.3. Identifying client reasons for failure to comply with recommended treatments.4. Exploring the meaning of life experiences such as birth and death, losses, life course changes, and human rights.

Q: The heart of the psychiatric"mental health nurse's therapeutic and caring role is characterized by:1. Bringing unconscious childhood traumas into awareness.2. Focusing on basic life issues of eating, sleeping, grooming, and hygiene as they relate to mental functioning.3. Using the nurse"client relationship to support the client in exploring new definitions and actions for life situations.4. Providing educational information about the client's mental illness.

Q: The humanistic perspective on mental disorders implies that psychiatric"mental health nurses function in expanded roles. Which statement does not reflect this perspective?1. Psychiatric"mental health nurses are prepared to work for change within social and political systems.2. Psychiatric"mental health nursing focuses on the client and does not deal with social or political consequences.3. Psychiatric"mental health nurses develop philosophic and ethical frameworks to guide and evaluate the political outcomes of therapeutic intervention.4. Psychiatric"mental health nursing is involved in social goals that advance health holistically.

Q: Nursing roles associated with shifts in the delivery of psychiatric services to social and community settings would not include:1. Leading community support groups for couples receiving genetic counseling.2. Providing case management as part of an interdisciplinary team.3. Participating as a member of a community board for social planning activities.4. Providing individual therapy in a private practice setting.

Q: A nursing student is preparing a presentation on Erikson's developmental theory. The student wants to include in the presentation that Erikson's eight developmental stages are most closely aligned with:1. Cognitive behaviorist concepts.2. Maslow's theory of self-actualization and hierarchy of needs.3. Freud's psychosexual stages.4. Sullivan's stages of interpersonal development.

Q: In explaining cognitive behavioral theory to a student, the nurse would not describe the concept of:1. Reinforcement.2. Psychic determinism.3. Conditioned response.4. Shaping.

Q: Which statement indicates that the nurse understands the developmental"interpersonal perspective of the self-system?1. "A person's sense of security is primarily derived from doing well in school."2. "Security is only achieved when a child discovers his or her autonomy."3. "Feelings of self-worth are established during infancy."4. "Childhood experiences influence the way people view and understand themselves."

Q: The nurse educator knows the approach that helps a client develop insight is aligned with which of the following theories?1. Cognitive behavioral theory2. Psychoanalytic theory3. Social"interpersonal theories4. Medical"psychobiologic theory

Q: The nursing student is studying the psychoanalytic theory. The student knows that which one of the following statements is not consistent with the psychoanalytic theory?1. The structural model of the mind contends that the id, ego, and superego have specific interrelated functions.2. Psychic determinism means that no behavior is accidental.3. Psychoanalysis deals with the conscious mind.4. Psychoanalytic therapy focuses on a dynamic view of mental phenomena rather than on the classification of illness.

Q: A holistic view of the mind"body relationship is best demonstrated by which of the nurse's comments to a student nurse?1. "My view is that clients have physical problems that have emotional consequences and psychological issues that cause physical problems."2. "Psychiatric clients often blame their problems on the side effects of the medications."3. "Clients come and go so quickly, we can"t always complete a thorough physical exam."4. "We might as well be working on a medical unit. We focus mostly on medication management now."

Q: When providing orientation to a group of students, the psychiatric"mental health nurse describes use of an eclectic clinical approach with newly admitted clients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the therapeutic value of an eclectic approach?1. There is limited scientific evidence about treatment for schizophrenia, so a variety of medications and interventions must be tried over time.2. Nurses do not need a philosophy of care to direct their practice.3. It is difficult to determine a final plan of care for new clients with psychotic disorders.4. Strategies from one or a combination of psychiatric theories are used to determine interventions and evaluation criteria for working with each client.

Q: The nurse who applies a conceptual framework that integrates the biologic and social sciences with the physical sciences in assessing clients is using:1. Erickson's eight stages of development.2. The medical model.3. Social interactionism.4. General systems theory.

Q: Sullivan's interpersonal theory focusing on the client's relationships with others and modes of interacting with others is most similar to the theory developed by:1. Emil Kraepelin.2. Karl Menninger.3. B. F. Skinner.4. Sigmund Freud.

Q: In comparing the major features of psychiatric theories, the nurse correctly concludes that:1. Medical"psychobiologic and psychoanalytic theories focus on the individual client.2. Social"interpersonal and medical"psychobiologic theories seek to change behavior through pharmacology.3. Social"interpersonal and medical"psychobiologic theories are in direct opposition to the other.4. Cognitive behavioral and psychoanalytic theories share the premise that behavior stems from the unconscious and requires the client to develop insight.

Q: When meeting with a client for the first time, the psychiatric"mental health nurse applying psychobiological principles is most likely to make which of the following statements?1. "Your abnormal behavior is directly related to living in an unsupportive environment."2. "You have a brain lesion and can expect to be hospitalized many times over the course of your life."3. "We are thoroughly assessing your symptoms because an accurate diagnosis is the basis of your treatment."4. "It is fairly certain that your children will feel stigmatized by their peers."

Q: Which of the following statements made by the nursing student best summarizes the medical"psychobiologic position on mental disorders?1. Factors related to mental disorders can include excesses or deficiencies of brain neurotransmitters as well as alterations in biologic rhythms, including the sleep"wake cycle and genetic predispositions.2. Mental illnesses with an organic cause have an unpredictable course and poor prognosis.3. Mental disorders rarely respond to physical or somatic treatments without careful monitoring of progress by clinicians in medical settings.4. Biological interventions such as hormones, diet, and medications must be changed frequently as they are only effective for short periods of time.

Q: Which of the following statements best reflects the nurse's comprehensive understanding of medical"psychobiologic theories?1. Psychobiologic explanations of mental disorders do little to decrease the stigma associated with mental illness.2. Individuals suffering from emotional disturbances have complex personalities that require changes in their motivation and willingness to comply with treatment.3. Mental disorders rarely respond to physical or somatic treatments.4. Mental disorders have characteristic structural, biochemical, and mental symptoms that can be diagnosed, run a characteristic course, and have a particular prognosis for recovery.

Q: A nurse on a medical unit overhears a discussion about the failure of psychobiologic interventions for clients with mental disorders. Which statement could be made to counteract that supposition?1. "There is a current moratorium on development of new drugs to correct biochemical imbalances in the brain."2. "Contemporary research findings indicate that the field of psychobiology and effective interventions is growing rapidly."3. "There are subjective reports that exposure to bright light and white noise provides effective treatment for mental disorders."4. "Restriction of nutrients and non-nutrients is no longer believed to affect behavior."

Q: Which statement made by a nurse indicates an understanding of the basic premises of psychobiology?1. "All mental disorders can now be fully classified and cured with biological interventions."2. "By focusing on the biologic sciences, we will diminish the art of psychiatric"mental health nursing."3. "Because of the advances in psychobiology, the role of psychiatric"mental health nurses focuses primarily on medication monitoring."4. "Genetics, immunology, biorhythms, brain structure, and brain biochemistry all influence mental disorders."

Q: A nurse educator is teaching a group of students about humanism. The educator knows that humanism is a philosophy of service to benefit humanity through applying which of the following concepts?1. Science is the core consideration of humanistic philosophy.2. Caring practices and compassion must be approached holistically.3. Limitations of life in today's world have little effect on planning effective interventions.4. Mental health clients must rely on clinicians for difficult decision-making and care.