Q&A Hero

Q: The nurse recognizes that the concept of prevention in describing health is essential because: a. Disease can be prevented by treating the external environment. b. The majority of deaths among Americans under age 65 years are not preventable. c. Prevention places the emphasis on the link between health and personal behavior. d. The means to prevention is through treatment provided by primary health care practitioners.

Q: When reviewing the concepts of health, the nurse recalls that the components of holistic health include which of these? a. Disease originates from the external environment. b. The individual human is a closed system. c. Nurses are responsible for a patient's health state. d. Holistic health views the mind, body, and spirit as interdependent.

Q: During a staff meeting, nurses discuss the problems with accessing research studies to incorporate evidence-based clinical decision making into their practice. Which suggestion by the nurse manager would best help these problems? a. Form a committee to conduct research studies. b. Post published research studies on the unit's bulletin boards. c. Encourage the nurses to visit the library to review studies. d. Teach the nurses how to conduct electronic searches for research studies.

Q: What step of the nursing process includes data collection by health history, physical examination, and interview? a. Planning b. Diagnosis c. Evaluation d. Assessment

Q: Barriers to incorporating EBP include: a. Nurses' lack of research skills in evaluating the quality of research studies. b. Lack of significant research studies. c. Insufficient clinical skills of nurses. d. Inadequate physical assessment skills.

Q: Which of these would be formulated by a nurse using diagnostic reasoning? a. Nursing diagnosis b. Medical diagnosis c. Diagnostic hypothesis d. Diagnostic assessment

Q: A newly admitted patient is in acute pain, has not been sleeping well lately, and is having difficulty breathing. How should the nurse prioritize these problems? a. Breathing, pain, and sleep b. Breathing, sleep, and pain c. Sleep, breathing, and pain d. Sleep, pain, and breathing

Q: The nursing process is a sequential method of problem solving that nurses use and includes which steps? a. Assessment, treatment, planning, evaluation, discharge, and follow-up b. Admission, assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and discharge planning c. Admission, diagnosis, treatment, evaluation, and discharge planning d. Assessment, diagnosis, outcome identification, planning, implementation, and evaluation

Q: The nurse knows that developing appropriate nursing interventions for a patient relies on the appropriateness of the __________ diagnosis. a. Nursing b. Medical c. Admission d. Collaborative

Q: Which critical thinking skill helps the nurse see relationships among the data? a. Validation b. Clustering related cues c. Identifying gaps in data d. Distinguishing relevant from irrelevant

Q: When considering priority setting of problems, the nurse keeps in mind that second-level priority problems include which of these aspects? a. Low self-esteem b. Lack of knowledge c. Abnormal laboratory values d. Severely abnormal vital signs

Q: The nurse is conducting a class on priority setting for a group of new graduate nurses. Which is an example of a first-level priority problem? a. Patient with postoperative pain b. Newly diagnosed patient with diabetes who needs diabetic teaching c. Individual with a small laceration on the sole of the foot d. Individual with shortness of breath and respiratory distress

Q: The nurse is reviewing information about evidence-based practice (EBP). Which statement best reflects EBP? a. EBP relies on tradition for support of best practices. b. EBP is simply the use of best practice techniques for the treatment of patients. c. EBP emphasizes the use of best evidence with the clinician's experience. d. The patient's own preferences are not important with EBP.

Q: Expert nurses learn to attend to a pattern of assessment data and act without consciously labeling it. These responses are referred to as: a. Intuition. b. The nursing process. c. Clinical knowledge. d. Diagnostic reasoning.

Q: The nurse is conducting a class for new graduate nurses. During the teaching session, the nurse should keep in mind that novice nurses, without a background of skills and experience from which to draw, are more likely to make their decisions using: a. Intuition. b. A set of rules. c. Articles in journals. d. Advice from supervisors.

Q: When listening to a patient's breath sounds, the nurse is unsure of a sound that is heard. The nurse's next action should be to: a. Immediately notify the patient's physician. b. Document the sound exactly as it was heard. c. Validate the data by asking a coworker to listen to the breath sounds. d. Assess again in 20 minutes to note whether the sound is still present.

Q: The patient's record, laboratory studies, objective data, and subjective data combine to form the: a. Data base. b. Admitting data. c. Financial statement. d. Discharge summary.

Q: A patient tells the nurse that he is very nervous, is nauseated, and "feels hot." These types of data would be: a. Objective. b. Reflective. c. Subjective. d. Introspective.

Q: After completing an initial assessment of a patient, the nurse has charted that his respirations are eupneic and his pulse is 58 beats per minute. These types of data would be: a. Objective. b. Reflective. c. Subjective. d. Introspective.

Q: Which of the following activities are involved in producing a thorough and comprehensive review of research databases? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Understanding the process of comprehensive and systematic search of databases 2. Selecting and appraising relevant studies 3. Extracting relevant information from the research articles that have been found to be scientifically rigorous and meritorious 4. Developing competency and skills in extracting relevant information 5. Structuring the results of the systematic review in a clear and succinct manner

Q: Which form of technology has recently been designated as useful at the point of care? 1. Computer on wheels 2. Monitoring DVDs 3. Portable Dynamap 4. Personal digital assistant

Q: The electronic health record (EHR) provides the database needed to support research and evidence-based practice. Which of the following best depicts the use of the EHR in the collection of data? 1. Only experienced clinicians understand the usage of EHR data. 2. Incorporation of evidence-based guidelines into the EHR can improve the quality of care. 3. Extrapolating data from an EHR can be a lengthy process and counterproductive. 4. The EHR can be a reservoir for research studies.

Q: _______________________ provide up-to-date information from peer-reviewed data-based research. Standard Text:

Q: It is important for nurses to bridge the gap between practice and research to promote safe, evidence-based nursing care. One of the best ways to close this gap is by which of the following? 1. Extrapolate data from the electronic health record (EHR). 2. Write all patient data in the nurse's station notebook. 3. Analyze singular pieces of data and note its relevance to all patients. 4. Keep data that seem irrelevant from the research committee.

Q: Which of the following methods is not useful in the facilitation of both evidence-based practice and research through the identification of questions, location of literature, systematic reviews, and resources? 1. Electronic literature searches 2. Online discussion groups 3. Comparative effectiveness research (CER) 4. Digital libraries

Q: A busy, inner city CCU has had a record number of nosocomial infections during the month of December. The head nurse held a meeting with the department to begin a systematic review process of all of the infected patients. In order to facilitate the collection of relevant data, she can eliminate a barrier to the collection of data by the point of care staff through which of the following? 1. Allowing nurses who are comfortable with the research process to collect data 2. Hiring a consultant to create the research process and collect data 3. Providing workshops and preceptors to guide the nurses 4. Asking the staff to work an extra hour per week to facilitate collection

Q: Which of the following technologies does collaborative computing not use to achieve its goals? 1. E-mail and desktop videoconferencing 2. Digital libraries 3. Handheld devices 4. Shared databases

Q: Which of the following statements about evidence-based practice (EBP) is true? 1. Hospitals have not yet begun to build EBP into their clinical ladders. 2. The standards of practice are not currently established with evidence-based competencies. 3. Staff nurses indicate higher levels of familiarity with EBP than advanced practice nurses. 4. A number of facilities now consider EBP to be part of everyday clinical practice.

Q: A program outcome essential for health care students is that they be skilled in which of the following? 1. Electronic spreadsheet applications 2. Electronic database management applications 3. Applications that facilitate electronic literature searches 4. Electronic slide presentation applications

Q: The lack of a common language to facilitate data collection and decision making was recognized as a problem in health care and nursing several years ago. Which of the following are recognized nursing languages? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. CCC 2. UMLS 3. NOC 4. PNDS 5. ICNP

Q: Knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) is a term used in other industries that is now seen in health care circles. Which of the following statements about KDD is accurate? 1. It is a powerful tool suitable for the analysis of large or small amounts of data. 2. It is not available commercially, but platforms can be custom built to suit the facility. 3. The confidentiality of individual records may be protected through the use of data perturbation. 4. The lack of bias is guaranteed by the vendor related to the complex patterns in collected data.

Q: Sigma Theta Tau International completed a landmark EBP study in 2006. Which of the following was included in the findings? 1. Nurses are comfortable seeking information to provide EBP patient care and had sufficient access to appropriate materials to personally engage in EBP. 2. Nurses who entered practice less than two years earlier were least comfortable with providing EBP patient care. 3. Nurses who entered practice five or more years earlier were most comfortable with providing EBP patient care. 4. Nurses lacked access to appropriate materials to personally engage in EBP.

Q: Clinical researchers have experienced barriers due to HIPPA. These researchers need to be aware of HIPAA's Privacy Rule because it establishes the conditions under which covered entities can use or disclose PHI. Which of the following statements about HIPPA covered entities is accurate? 1. Researchers are not covered entities unless they are also health care providers or employed by a covered entity or engage in any of the electronic transactions covered under HIPAA. 2. Researchers are always considered to be covered entities for transactions covered under HIPAA so long as they are conducting a valid study. 3. When difficulties arise with small sample size, covered entities are not allowed to disclose PHI to researchers to aid in study recruitment. 4. Covered entities do not include providers that transmit health information electronically for HIPAA transactions, health plans, and clearinghouses unless they are certified via a national examination.

Q: Standardized languages provide a mechanism to ensure common meanings to terms, facilitate data collection, and aid research. Which of the following languages includes all nursing specialties and demonstrates the ability to encompass other standardized nursing languages? 1. ICNP 2. NANDA 3. NIC 4. NOC

Q: Which of the following best supports the need for translational research in health care? 1. More emphasis will be placed on interdisciplinary translation of research in the coming decade. 2. Nurses are the only health care provider capable of understanding best practice models. 3. There is not as much demand for translational research today as there was five years ago. 4. Translational research is a new concept in health care.

Q: Which of the following provides an effective means of researching primary research in a logical and systematic manner, providing a more efficient and effective means to find credible scientific information than if one were doing a general Web search? 1. Wikis 2. Systematic literature searches 3. Blogging 4. Telehealth

Q: Which type of research is best suited for using nurmetrics? 1. The compilation of unified medical language systems into a universal language 2. The collapsing of databases into one large data set for research purposes 3. The generation and testing of new models of health care delivery using computers 4. The collection of data to create a uniform data set for nursing care and outcomes

Q: Data collection via the Internet can offer special advantages. Which of the following tools also facilitates research? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Electronic databases 2. Online group discussions 3. Privacy standards 4. Cookies 5. Digital libraries

Q: Which of the following is an advantage of uniform nursing languages, such as The Omaha System? 1. Standards for information systems are no longer needed. 2. Nursing data may be collected only in similar health care settings. 3. All contain the same type of data on nursing care and outcomes. 4. Studies using the same language may be replicated more easily.

Q: ____________________________________ have the capacity to locate a plethora of research, data, and information in a rapid period of time. Standard Text:

Q: Data mining supports sifting through large volumes of data at rapid speeds. In which instance would the use of data mining be inappropriate? 1. To provide information that may enhance the company's market share 2. To hide confidential information in databases using real values 3. To identify common factors relating to medication errors 4. To search databases to review trends in the health care arena

Q: Which of the following is essential to provide the means to search the literature and apply clinical knowledge, improving practice and safety as well as meeting the standards of excellence required for regulatory and credentialing standards and Magnet status? 1. Information technology tools 2. Computerized databases 3. Technology websites 4. Online libraries

Q: A nurse researcher selects a notebook computer to collect data for a research study. Which statement regarding data collection using mobile devices is accurate? 1. Transcription errors may occur during data transmission. 2. An interactive data collection tool may not be appealing to the participant. 3. Time and costs relating to scrubbing data are usually much reduced. 4. Redundant data entry may occur until the researcher becomes more skilled.

Q: __________________________ is an approach to providing care that integrates nursing experience and intuition with valid and current clinical research to achieve the best patient outcomes Standard Text:

Q: From a health information technology perspective, health care research has faced some impediments. Which of the following has impeded health care research? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Slow adoption of uniform languages 2. Limited funding 3. Rapid adoption of data exchange standards 4. Confidentiality of private health information (PHI) 5. Failure to attain a birth-to-death electronic health record (EHR)

Q: The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) requires health care providers and insurers to obtain additional documentation from researchers related to assurances of patient safety and confidentiality. Which of the following is the key concern about human subjects in health care research? 1. That all subjects are protected from the researcher getting access to their confidential information before disclosing their health information 2. That authorization is still required even if an institutional review board grants a waiver or alteration of authorization requirements 3. That authorization is still required even if information has been de-identified according to Privacy Rule standards 4. That one signed authorization form for research is valid for a current research study and covers any future research projects

Q: Constant changes in health care and its delivery creates challenges for clinicians to keep abreast of the latest evidence-based practice (EBP) findings and recommendations. What can health care professionals do in order to narrow the time in synthesizing research from the "bench" to the client's "bedside"? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Use available toolkits to locate existing guidelines and develop EBP guidelines. 2. Locate nursing research Web links. 3. Enroll in a doctoral program. 4. Foster health care informatics skills. 5. Join a focused online discussion group to help identify specific areas for EBP or original research.

Q: The ability to improve health outcomes and make data-driven decisions within a new or existing health information infrastructure is critical. This can be accomplished through which of the following? 1. Reliable databases 2. A cogent plan of action 3. Systems implementation 4. Public health informatics

Q: Research has suggested that there is a positive correlation between an individual's health literacy and which of the following? 1. Knowledge of illness 2. Managed care 3. Computer skills 4. Health outcomes

Q: The relationship between information technology and the collection and analysis of data is part of the development of evidence-based practice and improved patient outcomes. Which of the following are essential elements that need to be considered to have a comprehensive, robust health information system to promote public health informatics? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Data definitions 2. Coding classification systems 3. Data transmission capability 4. Health information exchange (HIE) 5. Data storage

Q: A qualitative researcher studying lived experiences of congestive heart failure clients wishes to analyze data obtained from client interviews. Which of the following software programs are best suited for this researcher's purpose? 1. SYSTAT and HyperRESEARCH 2. NUD*IST and Nvivo 3. BMDP and DataDesk 4. SAS and SPSS

Q: An ethnographer selects Ethnograph, a software program to analyze data obtained from client interviews. Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of using software for qualitative research? 1. Data must be sorted manually into subsets for future analysis. 2. Research may be molded to fit the software program. 3. The researcher must input data separately for the best analysis. 4. There is less available time for data analysis.

Q: Which statement is true regarding the realization of a universal electronic health record (EHR)? 1. Security and confidentiality issues have been resolved. 2. The EHR exists only in private, for-profit acute-care institutions. 3. Health care providers are unified in the standardization of the EHR. 4. The lack of common language prevents the EHR from becoming a reality.

Q: Which of the following is considered a major challenge with public health informatics (PHI)? 1. Need to have additional terminals in neutral locations 2. Need to have stronger linkages and interface between and among providers and systems 3. Need to convince health care providers of PHI benefits 4. Need for additional research on PHI effectiveness

Q: Which statement regarding data collection via the Internet is accurate? 1. Ethical issues are minimized because complete privacy of client response is assured. 2. E-mails cannot be used because there may be errors in interpretation and transcription. 3. Selection bias is eliminated because the Internet allows participation from all over the world. 4. Data collection is automated, allowing the data to be exported to other programs more easily.

Q: Public Health Informatics (PHI) is distinguished from other information systems and technology by its emphasis on ____________________ in populations Standard Text:

Q: For which type of research is knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) least appropriate? 1. To cross-link risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease 2. To identify the efficacy of a treatment for children with the rare and fatal Batten disease. 3. To test the hypothesis that polycystic kidney disease is best treated with antihypertensive 4. To determine the most significant risk factors for congestive heart failure

Q: There are four major principles of public health informatics that are distinguishable from other types of informatics. Which of the following responses is not considered a principle? 1. Promote the health of populations as opposed to health of individuals. 2. Prevent disease and injury by altering the conditions or the environment putting populations at risk. 3. Should not reflect the governmental context in which public health is practiced. 4. Should explore the potential for prevention of all vulnerable points.

Q: A nursing student wishes to initiate a search for interesting research topics. The student decides to peruse client positioning during pulmonary artery catheter readings. Among the following, which are suitable for this topic? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. PsychINFO 2. MEDLINE 3. Google 4. CINAHL 5. PubMed

Q: Which national organization has begun to link public health electronic health records (EHRs) with an immunization tracking system? 1. NIH 2. CDC 3. ANA 4. AACN

Q: The _________________________ website has a wealth of information for nurses through fact sheets as well as a series of scenario-based workshops that are free of charge and can be completed online on topics related to nursing care and management during a crisis. Standard Text:

Q: The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) have begun national initiatives to link public health electronic health records (EHRs) with an immunization tracking system (CDC, 2011). This tracking system is focused on allowing EHRs of state and local health departments to share data with immunization information systems and integrate these records with the CDC's vaccine tracking system. The initiative focuses on communication and which of the following? 1. The ability to provide reminders, extend resources, and track records 2. The ability to combine data with global initiatives 3. The ability to work in tandem with governmental databases 4. The ability to design public health resources in case of an pandemic

Q: The Homeland Security website has fact sheets and a series of scenario-based workshops that are free and can be completed online. Which of the following types of terrorist attacks have concomitant fact sheets on this website? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Chemical 2. Biological 3. Radiological 4. Nuclear 5. Improvised Explosive Attack

Q: Public health care is responsible for the protecting the health care needs of the public through a variety of ways. With the increase in technology, which of the following statements is true about information technology and public health protection? 1. Information technology provides the ability to access Center for Disease Control (CDC) updates on outbreaks of communicable disease. 2. Information technology diminishes the ability to make rapid decisions during crisis management. 3. Information technology controls communication during a crisis. 4. Information technology is unnecessary during a crisis.

Q: The use of the Internet for health information has grown exponentially in the past few years. There are a multitude of reasons for individuals to check online before contacting their health care provider. Which of the following statements is a major reason why people turn to the Internet and websites for health related information? 1. Fewer people have health care insurance. 2. The long lines and waiting time in healthcare providers' offices prevent individuals from making appointments. 3. People refuse to pay the co-pay when they can find out about their illness for free. 4. People are reluctant to bother their primary healthcare provider.

Q: There is a global concern that not all populations or subpopulations have the resources and capabilities to utilize or benefit from communication using technology and Internet. This phenomenon is called _____________. Standard Text:

Q: Telehealth has caused officials concern about the privacy of information as it crosses state lines. Which of the following statements can be considered a resolution by health care professionals? 1. Experts have called for the discontinuation of telehealth. 2. Experts have called for the creation of standards for e-health, particularly for security and identity management. 3. Experts have enacted a number of bills stopping the growth of telehealth. 4. Experts have called for a limit in the number of telehealth patient encounters.

Q: Which of the following technological advances are telehealth applications? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Videoconferencing between client and physician 2. Transmission of diagnostic images 3. Electronic prescriptions 4. Support for caregivers 5. Voice recognition for dictation

Q: Which of these home health clients is least suited for telehealth services? 1. A 63-year-old man with a large pressure ulcer who requires daily wound assessments and dressing 2. A 54-year-old client with congestive heart failure who is developing new onset chest pain 3. A 77-year-old client who requires glucose monitoring and daily foot ulcer assessment 4. A 49-year-old woman who is pregnant for the first time and requires fetal heart rate monitoring

Q: Which of the following is not considered an issue pertaining to the practice of telenursing? 1. Nurses must be certified in telehealth nursing. 2. Reimbursement has been limited in several states. 3. Liability issues 4. State board of nursing regulations

Q: Which statement related to telehealth technology is correct? 1. A DTV system may be used to transmit diagnostic images for third-party consultation. 2. Because international audio and visual standards are inconsistent, there is little international communication. 3. A frame-per-second rate of 10 provides acceptable diagnostic imagery for consultation. 4. Broad bandwidth of 384 kilobits and 30 frames per second is needed for diagnostic image interpretation.

Q: A new paradigm of care called _______________________ promises to reduce costs and improve quality by working with clients proactively Standard Text:

Q: Telenursing is the use of telecommunications and computer technology for the delivery of nursing care. The National Council of State Boards identified advantages of authority to practice telenursing across state lines (1996). These advantages include which of the following? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Establishes legitimacy and availability to practice telenursing 2. Protects the nurse from liability when practicing across state lines without a license in the client's state 3. Establishes the nurse's responsibility and accountability to the board of nursing 4. Provides jurisdictional authority over the discipline of telenursing in the event of unsafe delivery 5. Provides statutory authority permitting telenursing services across borders for all of the states

Q: Which of the following statements about telenursing is accurate? 1. Since telenursing is a new subspecialty, standards of practice have yet to be developed. 2. Telenursing should be taught at a graduate school level. 3. The International TeleNurses Association (ITNA) published International Competencies for Telenursing in 2007. 4. The International TeleNurses Association (ITNA) was founded in 1995 to promote and support nursing involvement in telehealth and serve as a resource for nurses.

Q: Telehealth is a tool that allows health care professionals to do which of the following? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Improve the overall quality of the client's record 2. Assess and monitor clients. 3. Tackle isolation and loneliness 4. Decrease hospital visits for clients with chronic conditions 5. Extend scarce health care resources

Q: What is the systematic application of information and computer science and technology to public health practice, research, and learning? 1. Public health nursing 2. Public health practice 3. Public health informatics 4. Public health research

Q: Which of the following are considered to be appropriate uses of telenursing? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Making follow-up calls 2. Obtaining test results 3. Checking biometric measurements 4. Advanced primary practice 5. Telephone triage

Q: One major barrier to telehealth was removed with the passage of the Telecommunications Act of 1996. Which of the following was the outcome of removing this major barrier? 1. Telecommunications carriers were required to provide cost-free Internet access to those in rural areas. 2. Telecommunications carriers must offer services to urban health providers at rates higher than those charged in rural areas. 3. The act created the Agriculture Department's information Rural Development network. 4. Vendors of cable and telephone services were allowed to compete in each others' markets.

Q: Which of the following definitions is accurate? 1. Telecare is the remote delivery of health care services into the person's home facilitated by communication technologies that include the use of person-centered reactive monitoring devices. 2. Teletherapy is the use of a psychology-based website to provide therapy and counseling. 3. Telesurgery is defined as the use of technology that allows surgeons to complete surgical procedures with electronic tools. 4. Teleprevention is defined as the use of electronic databases to analyze communicable diseases within the community.

Q: Standards of care reflect best practices based on research findings. Which of the following is an example of how the incorporation of national standards of care and drug information helps health care institutions? 1. The incorporation of national standards of care and drug information helps to identify human errors. 2. The incorporation of national standards of care and drug information helps to eliminate wasteful spending. 3. The incorporation of national standards of care and drug information helps to eliminate co-pays. 4. The incorporation of national standards of care and drug information helps to decrease malpractice claims through adherence to standards of care.