Accounting
Anthropology
Archaeology
Art History
Banking
Biology & Life Science
Business
Business Communication
Business Development
Business Ethics
Business Law
Chemistry
Communication
Computer Science
Counseling
Criminal Law
Curriculum & Instruction
Design
Earth Science
Economic
Education
Engineering
Finance
History & Theory
Humanities
Human Resource
International Business
Investments & Securities
Journalism
Law
Management
Marketing
Medicine
Medicine & Health Science
Nursing
Philosophy
Physic
Psychology
Real Estate
Science
Social Science
Sociology
Special Education
Speech
Visual Arts
Philosophy
Q:
Which of the following is not normally found in plasma?
A. Glycogen
B. Fibrinogen
C. Glucose
D. Urea
E. Albumin
Q:
Which of the following proteins is not normally found in plasma?
A. Albumin
B. Hemoglobin
C. Transferrin
D. Prothrombin
E. Fibrinogen
Q:
What is the most abundant protein in plasma?
A. Insulin
B. Creatine
C. Bilirubin
D. Albumin
E. Creatinine
Q:
Which of the following would not decrease the blood colloid osmotic pressure (COP)?
A. Severe liver failure
B. A diet predominantly based on red meat
C. Starvation
D. An extremely low-protein diet
E. Hypoproteinemia
Q:
Serum is essentially identical to plasma except for the absence of __________.
A. fibrinogen
B. nitrogenous wastes
C. platelets
D. glucose
E. albumin
Q:
Tissues can become edematous (swollen) when which of the following occurs?
A. Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) is high.
B. There is hyperproteinemia.
C. The concentration of sodium and proteins in blood is high.
D. The hematocrit is high.
E. There is a dietary protein deficiency.
Q:
Where does myeloid hemopoiesis take place in adults?
A. Thymus
B. Spleen
C. Red bone marrow
D. Yellow bone marrow
E. Liver
Q:
The viscosity of blood is due more to the presence of __________ than to any other factor.
A. fibrin
B. albumin
C. sodium
D. erythrocytes
E. nitrogenous wastes
Q:
Erythrocytes transport oxygen and __________.
A. defend the body against pathogens
B. initiate blood clotting
C. regulate erythropoiesis
D. transport nutrients
E. transport some carbon dioxide
Q:
Most oxygen is transported in the blood bound to __________.
A. the plasma membrane of erythrocytes
B. alpha chains in hemoglobin
C. beta chains in hemoglobin
D. delta chains in hemoglobin
E. heme groups in hemoglobin
Q:
Coagulation starts with a vascular spasm and ends with the formation of a platelet plug.
Q:
Clotting deficiency can result from thrombocytopenia or hemophilia.
Q:
After a wound is sealed, tissue repair is followed by fibrinolysis.
Q:
Which of the following is not a function of blood?
A. Transports a variety of nutrients
B. Helps to stabilize the pH of extracellular fluids
C. Participates in the initiation of blood clotting
D. Produces plasma hormones
E. Helps to regulate body temperature
Q:
Blood clots in the limbs put a patient most at risk for __________.
A. hemophilia
B. pulmonary embolism
C. thrombocytopenia
D. disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
E. septicemia
Q:
Which of the following is not contained in the buffy coat?
A. Lymphocytes
B. Granulocytes
C. Erythrocytes
D. Agranulocytes
E. Platelets
Q:
Hemostasis is the production of formed elements of blood.
Q:
A normal hematocrit is __________ of the total blood volume.
A. less than 1%
B. 47% to 63%
C. 25% to 37%
D. 42% to 45%
E. 37% to 52%
Q:
Blood viscosity stems mainly from electrolytes and monomers dissolved in plasma.
Q:
Lymphoid hemopoiesis occurs mainly in the bone marrow.
Q:
Oxygen and carbon dioxide bind to different parts of hemoglobin.
Q:
The liver stores excess iron in ferritin.
Q:
The most important components in the cytoplasm of RBCs are hemoglobin and carbonic anhydrase.
Q:
A person develops anti-A antibodies only after he is exposed to antigen A, and anti-B antibodies only after he is exposed to antigen B.
Q:
Rh incompatibility between a sensitized Rh+ woman and an Rh- fetus can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn.
Q:
Circulating WBCs spend most of their lives in the bloodstream.
Q:
Lymphocytes secrete antibodies, coordinate action of other immune cells, and serve in immune memory.
Q:
Monocytes differentiate into large phagocytic cells.
Q:
Where are most clotting factors synthesized in the body?
A. Spleen
B. Red bone marrow
C. Perivascular tissue
D. Kidneys
E. Liver
Q:
A patient is suffering from ketoacidosis caused by an unregulated high protein diet. Which function of the blood has been compromised?
A. Stabilizing fluid distribution in the body
B. Stabilizing the body's pH
C. Protecting against microorganisms
D. Transporting nutrients
E. Transporting hormones
Q:
Where in the body are hemopoietic stem cells found?
A. Yellow bone marrow
B. Thymus
C. Red bone marrow
D. Spleen
E. Liver
Q:
Which of the following might be injected into a patient who is prone to forming blood clots and therefore at risk of a heart attack or stroke?
A. Thromboplastin
B. Fibrinogen
C. Fibrin
D. Heparin
E. Factor X
Q:
Which of the following is not a role of prostaglandins?
A. To induce labor contractions
B. To stop fever and pain
C. To constrict or dilate arterioles
D. To act as vasodilators or vasoconstrictors
E. To inhibit gastric secretion
Q:
Aspirin and ibuprofen block the __________.
A. release of arachidonic acid from the plasma membrane
B. action of phospholipase A1
C. action of phospholipase A2
D. action of lipoxygenase
E. action of cyclooxygenase
Q:
Diabetes insipidus is caused by __________.
A. epinephrine hypersecretion
B. cortisol hypersecretion
C. aldosterone hypersecretion
D. antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hyposecretion
E. antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hypersecretion
Q:
Which of the following effects on a gland can be caused by a tumor?
A. Hypersecretion only
B. Hyposecretion only
C. Hyposecretion and hypersecretion
Q:
Which of the following is not a cause of Cushing syndrome?
A. ACTH hypersecretion by the pituitary
B. ACTH-secreting tumors
C. Hyperactivity of the adrenal cortex
D. Hyperactivity of the adrenal medulla
E. Excess cortisol secretion
Q:
Growth hormone (GH) hypersecretion causes gigantism when it begins in childhood, but it is more likely to cause __________ when it begins in adulthood.
A. myxedema
B. Graves disease
C. Cushing syndrome
D. goiter
E. acromegaly
Q:
Which of the following is not a characteristic of diabetes mellitus?4-25-2013
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Polyuria
C. Polyphagia
D. Polydipsia
E. Glucosuria
Q:
Which of the following statements about diabetes mellitus is false?
A. The body produces autoantibodies that destroy the pancreatic beta cells in type I DM.
B. Target cells are unresponsive to insulin in type II DM.
C. Both type I and type II DM are characterized by lack of, or low levels of, insulin.
D. Diabetic neuropathy is a common long term effect of DM.
E. Type II DM is more common than type I DM.
Q:
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events leading to the polyuria and dehydration associated with diabetes mellitus?
A. Hyperglycemia glucose in urine raises osmolarity of tubular fluid glucose transport maximum exceeded glucose enters renal tubules osmotic diuresis
B. Hyperglycemia glucose enters renal tubules glucose transport maximum exceeded glucose in urine raises osmolarity of tubular fluid osmotic diuresis
C. Hyperglycemia glucose enters renal tubules glucose in urine raises osmolarity of tubular fluid osmotic dieresis glucose transport maximum exceeded
D. Hyperglycemia glucose transport maximum exceeded glucose enters renal tubules glucose in urine raises osmolarity of tubular fluid osmotic diuresis
E. Osmotic diuresis glucose enters renal tubules glucose transport maximum exceeded glucose in urine raises osmolarity of tubular fluid hyperglycemia
Q:
Most strokes and heart attacks are caused by the abnormal clotting of blood in an unbroken vessel. Moreover, a piece of the __________ (clot) may break loose and begin to travel in the bloodstream as a(n) __________.
A. thrombus; embolus
B. embolism; thrombus
C. plaque; thrombus
D. thrombosis; plaque
E. plaque; embolus
Q:
During coagulation, which of the following is found in the extrinsic mechanism only?
A. Calcium
B. Prothrombin activator
C. Prothrombin
D. Thromboplastin
E. Thrombin
Q:
Any situation that upsets homeostasis and threatens ones physical or emotional well-being is called __________.
A. stress
B. pathology
C. disease
D. hyperthyroidism
E. hirsuitism
Q:
During the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome (stress response), stress overwhelms homeostasis. One characteristic of this stage is that __________.
A. glycogen supplies are depleted
B. energy demands are met primarily by fat metabolism
C. fermentation is not enough to provide the necessary ATP
D. energy demands are met primarily by protein metabolism
E. energy demands are met primarily by carbohydrate metabolism
Q:
Which of the following is true regarding cortisol?
A. It inhibits fat digestion.
B. It stimulates protein synthesis.
C. It promotes glycogen synthesis.
D. It stimulates glucose intake by most organs.
E. It promotes breakdown of fat and protein.
Q:
The initial response to stress is called the _________ and is mediated mainly by __________.
A. resistance stage; cortisol
B. resistance stage; aldosterone and cortisol
C. alarm reaction; norepinephrine and epinephrine
D. alarm reaction; cortisol
E. exhaustion stage; norepinephrine and epinephrine
Q:
Eicosanoids are derived from __________.
A. arachidonic acid
B. leukotriene
C. prostacyclin
D. prostaglandins
E. thromboxanes
Q:
The absence of iodine in the diet leads to __________.
A. hypoparathyroidism
B. hypothyroidism
C. hypocalcemia
D. hypoglycemia
E. hypoxemia
Q:
T4 and T3 are __________ hormones that are mainly transported __________ in the blood.
A. monoamine; bound to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG)
B. monoamine; unbound (free)
C. steroid; bound to transcortin-binding protein (TBP)
D. steroid; unbound (free)
E. catecholamine; bound to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG)
Q:
Which of the following enters a target cell's nucleus and acts directly on the genes.
A. Insulin
B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C. Estrogen
D. Glucagon
E. Oxytocin (OT)
Q:
Which of the following is the last step in the sequence of events happening when cyclic AMP acts as a second messenger?
A. G protein activates adenylate cyclase
B. cAMP activates protein kinases
C. Adenylate cyclase produces cAMP
D. G protein is activated by the binding of a hormone to the receptor
E. Enzymes are activated or deactivated by the action of protein kinases
Q:
Which of the following makes it possible for even a small quantity of hormone to have a strong effect on its target cell?
A. Negative feedback inhibition
B. The antagonistic effect
C. Up-regulation
D. Enzyme amplification
E. Down-regulation
Q:
Circulating hormones are mostly taken up and degraded by the _________ and the __________.
A. adrenal glands; intestines
B. liver; kidneys
C. blood; kidneys
D. liver; spleen
E. spleen; kidneys
Q:
Neither follicle stimulating (FSH) hormone nor testosterone alone can stimulate significant sperm production, whereas when they act together, the testes produce some 300,000 sperm per minute. This is an example of which principle regarding hormones?
A. Hormone clearance
B. The cascade effect
C. The synergistic effect
D. The permissive effect
E. The antagonistic effect
Q:
The resistance stage in the general adaptation syndrome (stress response) is dominated by __________.
A. cortisol
B. epinephrine
C. norepinephrine
D. angiotensin
E. aldosterone
Q:
The __________ secretes a hormone that increases the body's metabolic rate, promotes alertness, quickens reflexes, and stimulates the fetal nervous system.
A. thyroid gland
B. pancreas
C. adrenal gland
D. parathyroid gland
E. thymus
Q:
. The __________ secrete(s) __________, which promotes Na+ and water retention.
A. adrenal medulla; epinephrine
B. pancreas; cortisol
C. kidneys; corticosterone
D. adrenal cortex; aldosterone
E. thyroid; calcitonin
Q:
The zona fasciculata in the adrenal gland secretes ___________.
A. glucagon
B. epinephrine
C. estradiol
D. aldosterone
E. cortisol
Q:
Many hours after a meal, alpha (a) cells in the pancreatic islets secrete _________, which _________ blood glucose.
A. glucagon; lowers
B. glucagon; raises
C. insulin; lowers
D. insulin; raises
E. glucocorticoids; raises
Q:
Which of the following is not secreted by the pancreas?
A. Glucagon
B. Pancreatic polypeptide
C. Gastrin
D. Somatostatin (growth hormone-inhibiting hormone)
E. Somatotropin (growth hormone)
Q:
Which of the following organs has both endocrine and exocrine functions?
A. The adrenal gland
B. The salivary glands
C. The ovary
D. The pineal gland
E. The thymus
Q:
Which of the following is not a steroid hormone?
A. Insulin
B. Cortisol
C. Progesterone
D. Aldosterone
E. Estradiol
Q:
Which of the following is synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
A. Aldosterone
B. Cortisol
C. Testosterone
D. Calcitriol
E. Glucagon
Q:
__________ secretion is controlled by neuroendocrine reflexes, whereas __________ secretion is controlled by negative feedback mechanisms.
A. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH); luteinizing hormone (LH)
B. Oxytocin (OT); antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); oxytocin (OT)
D. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
E. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); luteinizing hormone (LH)
Q:
Negative feedback inhibition occurs when __________.
A. thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) targets the anterior pituitary
B. thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) causes the anterior pituitary to release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
C. thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) targets the thyroid gland
D. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) targets the thyroid gland
E. thyroid hormone (TH) targets the anterior pituitary
Q:
Which hormone stimulates glucocorticoid secretion?
A. GHRH
B. GHIH
C. ACTH
D. CRH
E. TSH
Q:
Which of the following hormones is not a tropin?
A. TSH
B. GRH
C. ACTH
D. PRL
E. TRH
Q:
The hormone called _________ plays an important role in synchronizing physiological function with the cycle of daylight and darkness.
A. calcitonin
B. melanin
C. melatonin
D. hepcidin
E. inhibin
Q:
The __________ secretes several hormones that stimulate the development of lymphatic organs and regulates development and activity of T cells (white blood cells).
A. thyroid
B. thymus
C. adrenal gland
D. spleen
E. parathyroid
Q:
The hypophyseal portal system connects the _________ with the _________.
A. anterior pituitary; hypothalamus
B. posterior pituitary; hypothalamus
C. anterior pituitary; posterior pituitary
D. hypothalamus; thyroid
E. pituitary glands; thyroid
Q:
Which of the following is not a hypothalamic hormone?
A. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
B. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
C. Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)
D. Somatostatin
E. Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH)
Q:
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) targets the __________.
A. kidneys
B. adrenal gland
C. anterior pituitary
D. hypothalamus
E. pancreas
Q:
Of the following hormones, which has more target cells in the body than the others?
A. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
B. Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
C. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
D. Growth hormone (GH)
E. Oxytocin (OT)
Q:
Target organs most often regulate the pituitary gland via _________.
A. negative feedback inhibition
B. positive feedback inhibition
C. up-regulation
D. down-regulation
E. antagonistic regulation
Q:
The infundibulum is a ___________.
A. mass of endocrine and neural cells
B. portal system between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland
C. bulky nucleus composed of the paraventricular nucleus and the supraoptic nucleus
D. depression of the sphenoid bone that protects the pituitary gland
E. projection of the hypothalamus from which the pituitary gland hangs
Q:
What makes a cell responsive to a particular hormone?
A. The chemical properties of the hormone
B. The presence of a receptor for that particular hormone
C. The location of the gland that secretes the hormone
D. The location of the target cells in the body
E. The site where the hormone is secreted
Q:
The posterior pituitary secretes _________.
A. prolactin (PRL)
B. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
C. oxytocin (OT)
D. thyroid hormone (TH)
E. growth hormone (GH)
Q:
The anterior pitiurary is __________ than the posterior pituitary and has __________ connection to the hypothalamus.
A. smaller; no nervous
B. larger; a nervous
C. larger; no nervous
D. smaller; a nervous
Q:
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone targets the __________.
A. thyroid gland
B. thyroid hormone
C. hypothalamus
D. posterior pituitary
E. anterior pituitary