Accounting
Anthropology
Archaeology
Art History
Banking
Biology & Life Science
Business
Business Communication
Business Development
Business Ethics
Business Law
Chemistry
Communication
Computer Science
Counseling
Criminal Law
Curriculum & Instruction
Design
Earth Science
Economic
Education
Engineering
Finance
History & Theory
Humanities
Human Resource
International Business
Investments & Securities
Journalism
Law
Management
Marketing
Medicine
Medicine & Health Science
Nursing
Philosophy
Physic
Psychology
Real Estate
Science
Social Science
Sociology
Special Education
Speech
Visual Arts
Philosophy
Q:
The ossicles belong to the middle ear.
Q:
The macula sacculi is nearly horizontal and the macula utriculi is nearly vertical.
Q:
The vestibule contains organs of hearing and equilibrium.
Q:
Which of the following is associated with the "flight-or-fight" reaction?
A. Pupillary constriction
B. Glycogen synthesis
C. Increased gastric motility
D. Reduced urinary output
E. Reduced heart rate
Q:
The autonomic nervous system carries out many somatic reflexes that are crucial to homeostasis.
Q:
Under normal circumstances, both divisions of the autonomic nervous system are active simultaneously.
Q:
The autonomic nervous system is composed of ganglia in the central nervous system and ganglia in the periphery.
Q:
Most autonomic efferent pathways involve one neuron.
Q:
The parasympathetic division stimulates digestion.
Q:
Transduction begins with an action potential in a sensory receptor.
Q:
Sensory receptors sense only stimuli external to the body, such as light, sound waves, smell, and touch.
Q:
Most somesthetic signals in the right side of the body reach the cerebral cortex in the contralateral primary somesthetic area.
Q:
Fast pain is a localized response mediated by myelinated nerve fibers.
Q:
Divergent sensory pathways explain the phenomenon of referred pain.
Q:
The __________ is an especially important center of autonomic control.
A. pons
B. medulla oblongata
C. hypothalamus
D. midbrain
E. pituitary gland
Q:
Autonomic function receives input from all these except __________.
A. spinal cord
B. cerebral cortex
C. hypothalamus
D. medulla oblongata
E. somatic branch of the peripheral nervous system
Q:
__________ nerve(s) pass(es) throughout sympathetic ganglia without synapsing.
A. Facial
B. Trigeminal
C. Vagus
D. Celiac
E. Splanchnic
Q:
Which of the following is more effective in producing bronchodilation?
A. Acetylcholine
B. Nicotine
C. Muscarine
D. Norepinephrine
E. Thyroxine
Q:
Muscarinic receptors bind __________.
A. epinephrine
B. norepinephrine
C. monoamine oxidase (MAO)
D. acetylcholinesterase
E. acetylcholine
Q:
The binding of __________ to a nicotinic receptor of a muscle fiber will __________ it.
A. acetylcholine; excite
B. norepinephrine; excite
C. monoamine oxidase; inhibit
D. acetylcholine; inhibit
E. acetylcholinesterase; excite
Q:
Atropine is sometimes used to dilate the pupil for an eye examination. Which receptor would atropine block?
A. Alpha 1 adrenergic receptor
B. Nicotinic receptor
C. Muscarinic receptor
D. Alpha 2 adrenergic receptor
E. Beta receptor
Q:
Antagonistic effects of the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are exemplified in the control of __________.
A. blood clotting
B. blood flow to the skeletal muscles
C. sweating
D. hair erection
E. gastrointestinal motility
Q:
__________ is an example of the cooperative effect between the two autonomic nervous system divisions.
A. Orgasm
B. Bronchodilation
C. Gastrointestinal secretion
D. Heart rate
E. Vasomotor tone
Q:
Sympathetic fibers do not release __________.
A. acetylcholine
B. nitric oxide (NO)
C. substance P
D. neuropeptide Y
E. norepinephrine
Q:
Sympathetic effects tend to last __________ than parasympathetic effects. One reason is that __________.
A. shorter; acetylcholine can diffuse into the bloodstream without being broken down
B. longer; norepinephrine can diffuse into the bloodstream without being broken down
C. about the same; the two divisions use the same neurotransmitters
D. shorter; acetylcholine is broken down by acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
E. longer; acetylcholine is broken down by monoamine oxidase (MAO)
Q:
The enzyme that breaks down norepinephrine (NE) is called __________.
A. noradrenalinase
B. adenosine
C. monoamine oxidase (MAO)
D. norepinephrinase
E. catchol-O-methyltrasferase (COMT)
Q:
A neuron that synapses in the adrenal medulla is a ___________ neuron, and releases the neurotransmitter ___________.
A. preganglionic; acetylcholine (ACh)
B. postganglionic; norepinephrine (NE)
C. preganglionic; norepinephrine (NE)
D. postganglionic; acetylcholine (ACh)
E. somatic; norepinephrine (NE)
Q:
Drugs that are monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors would most likely __________.
A. activate the parasympathetic division and allow for normal digestive system activities
B. block ACh receptors on skeletal muscle and cause flaccid paralysis
C. stimulate b-2 receptors and cause an increase in heart rate and dilation of bronchioles
D. decrease the amount of NE destroyed and may be used as an antidepressant
E. inhibit uptake of dopamine and cause depression
Q:
A possible explanation for the effect of caffeine is that it blocks the receptor for a neuromodulator in the brain called __________, which inhibits ACh release by cholinergic neurons.
A. glycine
B. dopamine
C. serotonin
D. melatonin
E. adenosine
Q:
Which one of the following is made up of primarily adrenergic fibers?
A. Preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division
B. Postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division
C. Postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division
D. All motor fibers of the somatic motor system
E. Preganglionic neurons of parasympathetic division
Q:
Which of the following is not under dual control of the ANS?
A. Pupil diameter
B. Heart rate
C. Salivary gland activity
D. Adrenal medulla activity
E. Gastrointestinal motility
Q:
Propranolol, a beta-blocker, is typically used to __________.
A. increase heart rate
B. decrease heart rate
C. produce vasoconstriction of the coronary arteries
D. produce vasodilation of blood vessels of skeletal muscle
E. produce bronchodilation
Q:
Sympathetic fibers arise only from the __________ region(s) of the spinal cord.
A. cervical, thoracic, and lumbar
B. thoracic and lumbar
C. thoracic
D. cervical
E. lumbar
Q:
The sympathetic chain of ganglia is found at the __________ levels of the spinal cord.
A. cervical and thoracic
B. thoracic and lumbar
C. thoracic, lumbar and sacral
D. sacral, lumbar and coccygeal
E. cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal
Q:
Which of the following is not a feature of the sympathetic division of the ANS?
A. It originates in the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord.
B. It has long postganglionic fibers.
C. It has long preganglionic fibers.
D. Its ganglia are adjacent to the spinal column.
E. It has an extensive neural divergence and a relative widespread effect.
Q:
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the parasympathetic division of the ANS?
A. Its effects are local.
B. The terminal ganglia are very close to or within their target organs.
C. It originates in the craniosacral regions of the CNS.
D. It has short preganglionic fibers.
E. It has short postganglionic fibers.
Q:
Which of the following structures releases neurotransmitter in a paravertebral ganglion?
A. Preganglionic sympathetic fiber
B. Postganglionic sympathetic fiber
C. Somatic motor fiber
D. Preganglionic parasympathetic fiber
E. Postganglionic parasympathetic fiber
Q:
Which of the following structures is not associated with the autonomic nervous system?
A. Preganglionic neuron
B. Postganglionic neuron
C. Splanchnic nerve
D. Oculomotor nerve
E. Facial nerve
Q:
Most preganglionic fibers in the sympathetic nervous system synapse with __________.
A. no neurons
B. somatic neurons
C. parasympathetic neurons
D. 10-20 postganglionic neurons
E. effectors directly
Q:
The solar plexus is used as a name for the __________.
A. spinal nerve route
B. carotid plexus
C. the celiac and mesenteric ganglia
D. splanchic nerves
E. sympathetic nerve route
Q:
The adrenal medulla secretes mostly ___________.
A. norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
B. dopamine
C. endorphins
D. acetylcholine (ACh)
E. epinephrine (adrenaline)
Q:
The parasympathetic division arises from the __________ regions of the spinal cord.
A. brain, thoracic, and lumbar
B. brain, sacral, and coccygeal
C. brain, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal
D. sacral and lumbar
E. brain and sacral
Q:
Damage to the __________ may affect near vision accommodation.
A. celiac ganglion
B. oculomotor nerve (CN III)
C. facial nerve (CN VII)
D. glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
E. cardiac plexus
Q:
White rami carry _________ neurons, while gray rami carry _________ neurons.
A. myelinated postganglionic; unmyelinated preganglionic
B. unmyelinated postganglionic; myelinated preganglionic
C. myelinated preganglionic; unmyelinated postganglionic
D. unmyelinated preganglionic; myelinated postganglionic
E. myelinated preganglionic; myelinated postganglionic
Q:
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the enteric nervous system?
A. Its reflex arcs are associated with the spinal cord.
B. It does not arise from the spinal cord.
C. It innervates smooth muscle.
D. It innervates glands.
E. It does not arise from the brainstem.
Q:
If a cell has a1 adrenergic receptors, it is sensitive to __________.
A. acetylcholine (ACh)
B. norepinephrine (NE)
C. adrenaline
D. alpha adrenaline
E. nicotine
Q:
Autonomic nervous system fibers are involved in all of the following except __________.
A. changing the diameter of the pupil
B. adjusting heart rate and force
C. altering salivary mucus secretion
D. regulating gastrointestinal motility
E. maintaining tonicity of the muscles of the neck
Q:
Which one of the following best describes the order of a visceral reflex?
A. Sensory receptor interneuron afferent nerve fiber efferent nerve fiber gland
B. Sensory receptor efferent nerve fiber interneuron afferent nerve fiber gland
C. Sensory receptor afferent nerve fiber interneuron efferent nerve fiber gland
D. Sensory receptor efferent nerve fiber afferent nerve fiber interneuron gland
E. Sensory receptor interneuron efferent nerve fiber afferent nerve fiber gland
Q:
Which of the following statements is true regarding parasympathetic tone?
A. It holds the resting heart rate below its intrinsic rate.
B. It accelerates the resting heart rate above its intrinsic rate.
C. It might increase or decrease heart rate depending on the situation.
D. It affects heart rate only after myocardial infarction.
E. It does not affect heart rate.
Q:
Sympathetic nerve fibers are not associated with situations involving __________.
A. anger
B. digestion
C. exercise
D. stress
E. arousal
Q:
The background rate of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity is called ___________.
A. "fight-or-flight" activity
B. visceral motor activity
C. autonomic reflex arc activity
D. visceral tone
E. autonomic tone
Q:
The neurotransmitter(s) associated with autonomic ganglia is(are) __________.
A. norepinephrine (NE)
B. acetylcholine (ACh) and norepinephrine (NE)
C. acetylcholine (ACh)
D. dopamine
E. dopamine and norepinephrine (NE)
Q:
The effect of autonomic fibers on target cells is _________. The effect of somatic fibers on target cells is __________.
A. always excitatory; always excitatory
B. excitatory or inhibitory; always excitatory
C. excitatory or inhibitory; excitatory or inhibitory
D. always inhibitory; excitatory or inhibitory
E. always inhibitory; always excitatory
Q:
Which of the following is true regarding the autonomic nervous system?
A. It controls skeletal muscle contraction.
B. It has no ganglia along its nerves.
C. It uses the neurotransmitter acetylcholine exclusively.
D. Its denervation would cause hypersensitivity.
E. It usually controls conscious actions.
Q:
In response to high blood pressure, stretch receptors called __________ in the walls of arteries carrying blood to the head, will trigger a reflex that causes the heart to __________ its beats per minute.
A. baroreceptors; decrease
B. proprioceptors; decrease
C. baroreceptors; increase
D. proprioceptors; increase
E. chemoreceptors; increase
Q:
The motor pathway of the autonomic nervous system usually involves __________ neurons.
A. no
B. one
C. two
D. three
E. four
Q:
Preganglionic fibers run from the _________ to the __________.
A. posterior root ganglia; gray matter
B. posterior root ganglia; autonomic ganglia
C. gray matter; posterior root ganglia
D. gray matter; autonomic ganglia
E. autonomic ganglia; visceral effectors
Q:
Preganglionic fibers of the autonomic efferent pathway are _________ and secrete __________.
A. myelinated; norepinephrine (NE)
B. myelinated; acetylcholine (ACh)
C. myelinated; acetylcholine (ACh) and norepinephrine(NE)
D. unmyelinated; acetylcholine (ACh)
E. unmyelinated; norepinephrine(NE)
Q:
Which of the following is not a reason that somatic reflexes act faster than visceral reflexes?
A. The effector pathway in the somatic reflex arc is myelinated.
B. The effector pathway in the visceral reflex arc involves more neurons.
C. The effector pathway in the visceral reflex arc involves more chemical synapses.
D. Some of the neurons in the effector pathway in the visceral reflex arc are unmyelinated.
E. The effector organs in the somatic reflex are closer to the spinal cord.
Q:
Most fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system travel in the __________.
A. vagus
B. trigeminal
C. splanchnic
D. facial
E. sciatic
Q:
All autonomic output originates in the central nervous system.
Q:
The autonomic nervous system controls all of the following except the __________.
A. adrenal gland
B. smooth muscle in the walls of the aorta
C. cardiac muscle in the right atrium
D. skeletal muscle in the rectus abdominis
E. parotid salivary gland
Q:
Which of the following pairings of brain wave names and descriptions is paired correctly?
A. Delta Waves - Predominance of these may indicate serious brain damage in an adult
B. Beta waves - Predominance of these may indicate emotional stress
C. Alpha waves - Are greatest during sensory stimulation
D. Theta waves - Absent during deep sleep
Q:
Exhausted from studying all night, you briefly close your eyes and your mind starts to wander. Which brain waves would be most predominant in an EEG?
A. Alpha
B. Beta
C. Delta
D. Theta
Q:
Which of the following cranial nerves is mispaired?
A. Abducens - V
B. Oculomotor - III
C. Facial - VII
D. Accessory - XI
Q:
Your dentist gives you an injection of anesthetic in preparation for a filling. Which cranial nerve did they target?
A. V
B. VII
C. IX
D. XII
Q:
Most preganglionic fibers synapse with postganglionic fibers in the dorsal root ganglia.
Q:
All preganglionic fibers of the ANS pass through the sympathetic chain of ganglia, synapsing at least once there.
Q:
The adrenal medulla is a modified sympathetic ganglion.
Q:
Fibers of the vagus nerve end very near or within their target organs.
Q:
The autonomic effect on a target cell depends only on the neurotransmitter reaching that target cell.
Q:
All sympathetic postganglionic adrenergic fibers secrete adrenaline.
Q:
Acetylcholine (ACh) binds to both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors.
Q:
Acetylcholine (ACh) always has an excitatory effect.
Q:
Binding of norepinephrine (NE) to an alpha-adrenergic receptor is usually excitatory, and binding to a beta-adrenergic receptor is usually inhibitory.
Q:
In the cerebral cortex, which cells process information on a local level?
A. Stellate
B. Pyramidal
C. Purkinje
D. Ependymal
Q:
Why is 90% of the cerebral cortex referred to as the neocortex?
A. It developed recently evolutionarily when mammals diversified.
B. It is only found in humans.
C. It is last to develop in the fetus and is thus the youngest part of the brain.
D. It has the ability to regenerate the outermost three of its six layers.
Q:
The neocortex contains which of the following cells?
A. Pyramidal and stellate cells
B. Pyramidal and Purkinje cells
C. Purkinje and stellate cells
D. Pyramidal, stellate, and Purkinje cells
Q:
After a stroke, a patient complains about lack of sensitivity in her right hand. The stroke most likely affected which part of the brain?
A. Precentral gyrus in the right frontal lobe
B. Postcentral gyrus in the left parietal lobe
C. Precentral gyrus in the left frontal lobe
D. Postcentral gyrus in the right temporal lobe
E. Postcentral gyrus in the left frontal lobe
Q:
Which of the following is not a motor cranial nerve?
A. Trochlear nerve (IV)
B. Abducens nerve (VI)
C. Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
D. Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
E. Accessory nerve (XI)