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Q:
A __________ is an elevated patch of melanized skin.
A. hemangioma
B. mole
C. freckle
D. flexion line
E. friction ridge
Q:
A pilus is a __________.
A. hair
B. hair follicle
C. tiny muscle that moves a hair
D. sensory nerve fiber around the base of a hair
E. gland associated with a hair follicle
Q:
Fingerprints left on things we touch are associated with our __________.
A. dermal papillae
B. dermal connective tissue
C. stratum basale
D. subcutaneous tissue
E. subcutaneous adipose
Q:
Calluses or corns are the result of accelerated multiplication by ___________.
A. melanocytes
B. keratinocytes
C. fibroblasts
D. tactile cells
E. red blood cells
Q:
The __________ is absent from most epidermis.
A. stratum basale
B. stratum spinosum
C. stratum granulosum
D. stratum lucidum
E. stratum corneum
Q:
Leather is made of the __________ layer of the dermis.
A. areolar
B. keratin
C. reticular
D. collagen
E. papillary
Q:
The hypodermis is characterized by an abundance of which tissue?
A. Statified squamous epithelium
B. Smooth muscle
C. Nervous tissue
D. Adipose tissue
E. Dense irregular connective tissue
Q:
The skin discoloration most likely to suggest physical abuse is __________.
A. pallor
B. albinism
C. erythema
D. hematoma
E. jaundice
Q:
The reddish color of the skin of the lips is primarily due to the presence of which pigment?
A. Hemoglobin
B. Myoglobin
C. Melanin
D. Carotene
E. Keratin
Q:
Which skin color is most likely to result from anemia?
A. Pallor
B. Erythema
C. Hematoma
D. Albinism
E. Jaundice
Q:
Which of the following best describes the composition of the dermis?
A. Collagen and living keratinocytes
B. Collagen and dead keratinocytes
C. Collagen and fibroblasts
D. Elastic fibers and melanocytes
E. Elastic fibers and dendritic cells
Q:
What type of tissue is found in the most superficial layer of skin?
A. Simple squamous epithelium
B. Stratified squamous epithelium
C. Dense irregular connective tissue
D. Areolar connective tissue
E. Dense regular connective tissue
Q:
Looking at a slide of thin skin under the microscope, you note that the stratum basale is the __________ layer of the epidermis in from the surface.
A. second
B. third
C. first
D. fifth
E. fourth
Q:
Which of the following cells is largely responsible for skin color?
A. Dendritic cell
B. Keratinocyte
C. Melanocyte
D. Merkel cell
E. Dead keratinocyte
Q:
Which layer of the epidermis consists of up to 30 layers of dead cells?
A. Stratum basale
B. Stratum spinosum
C. Stratum granulosum
D. Stratum lucidum
E. Stratum corneum
Q:
Which of the following are associated with the sense of touch?
A. Fibroblasts
B. Melanocytes
C. Keratinocytes
D. Dendritic (Langerhans) cells
E. Tactile (Merkel) cells
Q:
The fastest rate of mitosis happens in the __________.
A. stratum basale
B. stratum spinosum
C. stratum granulosum
D. stratum lucidum
E. stratum corneum
Q:
Which of the following cells stand guard against toxins, microbes and other pathogens?
A. Keratinocytes
B. Melanocytes
C. Adipocytes
D. Dendritic (Langerhans) cells
E. Tactile (Merkel) cells
Q:
The three forms of skin cancer are defined by the types of cells from which they originate.
Q:
Which of the following is not part of the skin?
A. Epidermis
B. Papillary layer
C. Hypodermis
D. Stratum basale
E. Dermis
Q:
Which of the following is not found in the epidermis?
A. Melanocytes
B. Fibroblasts
C. Stem cells
D. Keratinocytes
E. Tactile cells
Q:
Skin covering the __________ has sweat glands but no hair follicles or sebaceous glands.
A. forearm
B. buttocks
C. abdomen
D. fingertips
E. back
Q:
Most of the skin is __________ mm thick.
A. 0.01 to 0.02
B. 0.1 to 0.2
C. 1 to 2
D. 10 to 20
E. 100 to 200
Q:
In which of the following skin layers would a subcutaneous injection be administered?
A. Stratum basale
B. Stratum spinosum
C. Stratum corneum
D. Dermis
E. Hypodermis
Q:
Which of the skin layers below is the most superficial?
A. Basal lamina
B. Epidermis
C. Papillary layer
D. Reticular layer
E. Hypodermis
Q:
Albinism is the genetic lack of melanin that results in a milky white coloration of the skin.
Q:
Embarrassment can be perceived by an abnormal coloration of the skin called cyanosis.
Q:
Freckles are elevated patches with an abnormal coloration of the skin.
Q:
Straight hair is round, wavy hair is oval, and curly hair is relatively flat.
Q:
Hair and nails are composed of collagen.
Q:
Merocrine sweat glands are associated with hair follicles in the pubic and anal regions, axilla, areola, and beard.
Q:
Pattern baldness is relatively rare in women because women have lower testosterone levels than men.
Q:
The acidity of sweat contributes to the acid mantle that inhibits bacterial growth in the skin.
Q:
With regard to the healing of a skin wound, macrophages ___________.
A. release histamine to increase blood flow to the area
B. produce and secrete collagenous fibers
C. phagocytize and digest tissue debris
D. stimulate epithelial cells to multiply
E. make capillaries more permeable allowing white blood cells to migrate into the area
Q:
Debridement is not necessary to infection control.
Q:
It is normal for breasts to shrink after lactation ceases. This is a consequence of __________ in human breast cells.
A. necrosis
B. apoptosis
C. atrophy
D. infarction
E. gangrene
Q:
The replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue is called _________.
A. necrosis
B. apoptosis
C. gangrene
D. regeneration
E. fibrosis
Q:
The skin carries out the first step in the synthesis of vitamin D.
Q:
Living keratinocytes exfoliate from the epidermis as tiny specks called dander.
Q:
The deeper of the two layers of the skin is the hypodermis.
Q:
The youngest keratinocytes are found in the stratum basale.
Q:
Melanin, hemoglobin, and carotene give color to the skin.
Q:
Glands that have branched ducts and secretory cells that form sacs at one end of the ducts are classified as ___________ glands.
A. areolar
B. simple acinar
C. simple coiled tubular
D. compound acinar
E. compound tubuloacinar
Q:
The membrane that lines the lumenal surfaces of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts consists of _________.
A. simple squamous epithelium and dense irregular connective tissue
B. areolar and dense irregular connective tissue
C. epithelium and lamina propria
D. areolar tissue and lamina propria
E. simple squamous epithelium and areolar tissue
Q:
Most membranes are composed of two or three tissue types. However, an example of an exception is the ___________ membrane.
A. mucous
B. serous
C. synovial
D. cutaneous
E. basement
Q:
The membrane that lines passageways that open to the exterior environment is called __________.
A. the lamina propria
B. endothelium
C. a synovial membrane
D. a serous membrane (serosa)
E. a mucous membrane (mucosa)
Q:
After six months of lifting weights at the gym, you notice that some of your muscles have increased in size. This increase in size is due to __________ of muscle cells.
A. hyperplasia
B. neoplasia
C. hypertrophy
D. metaplasia
E. atrophy
Q:
The middle primary germ layer is called __________, which gives rise to a gelatinous material called __________, which then gives rise to different types of connective tissue such as bone, muscle, and blood.
A. ectoderm; stem cells
B. mesoderm; mesenchyme
C. endoderm; mesenchyme
D. mesoderm; fibroblasts
E. ectoderm; mesenchyme
Q:
Most biologists see embryonic stem (ES) cells as a possible treatment for diseases that result from the loss of functional cells. This possibility is based on the fact that ES cells are __________ stem cells.
A. unipotent
B. multipotent
C. pluripotent
D. totipotent
E. omnipotent
Q:
The pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the bronchi in smokers may transform into stratified squamous epithelium. This is an example of __________.
A. neoplasia
B. metaplasia
C. atrophy
D. differentiation
E. hyperplasia
Q:
Skeletal muscle is described as __________.
A. striated and voluntary
B. striated and involuntary
C. nonstriated and voluntary
D. nonstriated and involuntary
E. fibrous and containing ground substance
Q:
A connective tissue fiber refers to a(n) __________, a nerve fiber refers to a(n) __________, and a muscle fiber refers to a(n) __________.
A. entire cell; organelle; tissue
B. organelle; entire cell; part of a cell
C. organelle; entire cell; complex of macromolecules
D. complex of macromolecules; entire cell; part of a cell
E. complex of macromolecules; part of a cell; entire cell
Q:
In the intestine, __________ ensure(s) that most digested nutrients pass through the epithelial cells and not between them.
A. the plasma membrane
B. desmosomes
C. tight junctions
D. gap (communicating) junctions
E. ground substance
Q:
__________ secrete __________ into __________.
A. Goblet cells; mucus; the blood
B. Endocrine glands; hormones; ducts
C. Exocrine glands; hormones; ducts
D. Endocrine glands; hormones; the blood
E. Exocrine glands; mucus; the blood
Q:
Mucin is secreted by__________ glands, which combines with water to form a thick and sticky product. _________ glands produce a relatively watery fluid.
A. mucous; serous
B. merocrine; holocrine
C. apocrine; mixed
D. endocrine; exocrine
E. serous; mucous
Q:
__________ glands (such as tear glands) have vesicles that release their secretion via exocytosis. __________ glands (such as oil-producing glands) secrete a mixture of disintegrated cells and their products.
A. Endocrine; Exocrine
B. Mucous; Serous
C. Cytogenic; Apocrine
D. Mucous; Cutaneous
E. Merocrine; Holocrine
Q:
Marfan syndrome is a hereditary defect of elastin fibers. People with this syndrome have __________.
A. hyperextensible joints
B. a small cranium
C. elastic bones
D. stronger bones
E. viscous blood
Q:
Which of the following does not account for the gelatinous consistency of connective tissue ground substance?
A. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
B. Proteoglycans
C. Chondroitin sulfate
D. Hyaluronic acid
E. Collagen
Q:
Collagenous fibers are very abundant in __________.
A. blood and hyaline cartilage
B. blood, adipose tissue, and osseous tissue
C. ligaments, bones, and the most superficial portion of the skin
D. tendons, ligaments, and the deeper portion of the skin
E. areolar tissue, tongue, and bones
Q:
Fibroblasts and protein fibers are associated with both __________ and __________.
A. dense regular; dense irregular connective tissues
B. plasma; formed elements
C. elastic cartilage; hyaline cartilage
D. spongy bone; compact (dense) bone
E. adipose tissue; reticular tissue
Q:
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) help give the ground substance some of its qualities, including _________.
A. helping to transfer charges in the nervous system
B. holding water and maintaining electrolyte balance
C. giving bone its brittle, inorganic structure
D. providing the major structural support of tendons and ligaments
E. acting as an energy reserve for muscle contraction
Q:
Blood functions to __________________.
A. allow for heart contraction and relaxation
B. store energy for the heart
C. provide support to the heart
D. line the heart chambers
E. transport nutrients to the tissues
Q:
__________________ exhibits a lot of apparently empty space, and is found in many serous membranes.
A. Blood
B. Areolar tissue
C. Osseous tissue
D. Dense irregular connective tissue
E. Adipose tissue
Q:
__________________ tissues respond quickly to outside stimuli by means of changes in membrane potential.
A. Excitable
B. Responsive
C. Adipose
D. Epithelial
E. Connective
Q:
Nervous tissue consists predominantly of two cell types, neurons and __________.
A. fibroblasts
B. chondrocytes
C. neuroglia
D. myocytes
E. osteocytes
Q:
Astronauts in zero gravity are able to move food through their digestive tracts because __________.
A. smooth muscle produces waves of contractions that propel material through the digestive tract
B. skeletal muscle puts pressure on the digestive tract
C. cardiac muscle maintains a high pressure that moves material through the digestive tract
D. striated muscle creates a pressure gradient that forces material from one end of the digestive tract to the other
E. skeletal muscle sphincters contract and allow materials to move through the digestive tract
Q:
New triglycerides are constantly being synthesized and stored, while others are hydrolyzed and released into the circulation by the cells found in __________.
A. blood
B. fibrous connective tissue
C. adipose tissue
D. reticular tissue
E. transitional tissue
Q:
The rubbery matrix of cartilage is secreted by __________, whereas _________ produce the fibers and ground substance that form the matrix of fibrous connective tissue.
A. chondroblasts; plasma cells
B. mast cells; fibroblasts
C. osteocytes; chondroblasts
D. chondroblasts; fibroblasts
E. adipocytes; plasma cells
Q:
Rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs takes place through __________ epithelium.
A. simple squamous
B. simple cuboidal
C. simple columnar
D. keratinized stratified squamous
E. nonkeratinized stratified squamous
Q:
Most kidney tubules are made of __________ epithelial tissue, which is specialized for absorption and secretion.
A. simple columnar
B. stratified columnar
C. pseudostratified columnar
D. simple cuboidal
E. stratified cuboidal
Q:
__________ epithelium is the most widespread epithelium in the body, whereas __________ epithelium is rare.
A. Simple columnar; stratified columnar
B. Stratified squamous; stratified columnar
C. Pseudostratified; stratified squamous
D. Simple cuboidal; stratified squamous
E. Stratified squamous; simple squamous
Q:
Some simple columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelia have _________ cells, which produce a protective mucous coating over the mucous membranes.
A. fibrous
B. blood
C. basal
D. keratinized
E. goblet
Q:
A brush border of microvilli is found in __________ epithelium, which can be found in the __________.
A. pseudostratified; nasal cavity
B. simple cuboidal; esophagus
C. simple columnar; small intestine
D. stratified squamous; anal canal
E. stratified squamous; esophagus
Q:
All cells in _______ epithelium reach the basement membrane, but only cells that reach the free surface have cilia.
A. pseudostratified columnar
B. simple columnar
C. stratified columnar
D. stratified cuboidal
E. stratified squamous
Q:
Found in the urinary bladder, __________ epithelium resembles __________ epithelium, but the apical cells are rounded, not flattened.
A. transitional; stratified squamous
B. stratified squamous; pseudostratified
C. stratified squamous; stratified columnar
D. simple columnar; pseudostratified
E. transitional; simple cuboidal
Q:
__________ epithelium provides a moist and slippery surface and is well suited to resist stress, as seen in the __________.
A. Transitional; tongue
B. Keratinized; tongue
C. Nonkeratinized; skin
D. Keratinized; skin
E. Nonkeratinized; vagina
Q:
__________ epithelium is associated with rapid transport of substances through a membrane, whereas __________ epithelium is associated with resistance to abrasion.
A. Simple columnar; transitional
B. Simple squamous; stratified squamous
C. Simple cuboidal; pseudostratified
D. Pseudostratified; simple squamous
E. Pseudostratified; simple cuboidal
Q:
Which of the following is not a feature that almost all connective tissues have in common?
A. Most cells are not in direct contact with each other.
B. Ground substance is so scarce that it is not visible with a light microscope.
C. Cells usually occupy less space than the extracellular material.
D. Protein fibers are usually present in the ground substance.
E. Most connective tissues are highly vascular.
Q:
An example of a highly vascular tissue is __________ tissue. An example of a tissue that is not highly vascular is __________.
A. epithelial; cartilage
B. muscular; osseous tissue
C. dense regular connective; dense irregular connective tissue
D. areolar; cartilage
E. nervous; osseous tissue
Q:
Which of the following is not a feature that connective tissues have in common?
A. Very conspicuous fibers
B. The presence of fibroblasts
C. The presence of collagen
D. Ground substance with a gelatinous to rubbery consistency
E. A calcified matrix