Q&A Hero

Philosophy

Q: An example of a highly vascular tissue is __________ tissue. An example of a tissue that is not highly vascular is __________. A. epithelial; cartilage B. muscular; osseous tissue C. dense regular connective; dense irregular connective tissue D. areolar; cartilage E. nervous; osseous tissue
Q: Which of the following is not a feature that connective tissues have in common? A. Very conspicuous fibers B. The presence of fibroblasts C. The presence of collagen D. Ground substance with a gelatinous to rubbery consistency E. A calcified matrix
Q: The shape of a person's external ear is due to the presence of __________. A. dense regular connective tissue B. dense irregular connective tissue C. elastic cartilage D. fibrocartilage E. ligaments
Q: The covering of body surfaces and the lining of body cavities is composed of __________ tissue. A. interstitial B. muscle C. adipose D. epithelial E. nervous
Q: Which of the following is not a type of fibrous connective tissue? A. Reticular tissue B. Hyaline cartilage C. Dense regular connective tissue D. Dense irregular connective tissue E. Areolar tissue
Q: The __________ gives rise to the __________. A. mesoderm; digestive glands B. endoderm; muscular system and skeletal system C. ectoderm; nervous system and epidermis D. endoderm; mesoderm E. mesoderm; endoderm
Q: The clear gel inside a cell is called __________. A. matrix B. ground substance C. interstitial fluid D. cytosol E. tissue fluid
Q: A thin, stained slice of tissue mounted on a microscope is called a __________. A. fixative B. histological section C. spread D. stain E. smear
Q: The histological section that divides a specimen along its long axis is called a(n) __________ section. A. cross B. oblique C. transverse D. sagittal E. longitudinal
Q: Fibrocartilage is found in intervertebral discs.
Q: Blood consists of cells and a ground substance made of formed elements.
Q: Plasma cells produce the ground substance that forms the matrix of connective tissues.
Q: Excitable cells respond to outside stimuli by means of changes in plasma membrane shape.
Q: Smooth and cardiac muscles are under involuntary control.
Q: Dendrites in a neuron send outgoing signals to other cells.
Q: Desmosomes are more effective than tight junctions in preventing substances from passing between cells.
Q: The duct of an endocrine gland leads into the bloodstream rather than onto an epithelial surface.
Q: The secretory product of a gland is produced by its parenchyma, not its stroma.
Q: Scar tissue helps to hold an organ together but does not restore normal function of the damaged tissue.
Q: The four primary tissue types found in adult organs include all of the following except _________ tissue. A. connective B. fibrous C. nervous D. epithelial E. muscular
Q: Mesoderm gives rise to muscle, bone, and blood.
Q: Columnar cells lining the small intestine have a brush border of microvilli on the apical surface.
Q: Nonkeratinized cells exfoliate from the surface of the skin.
Q: In an epithelium, there is almost no extracellular matrix.
Q: The clear gel that usually surrounds cells is called interstitial fluid.
Q: If one allele is not phenotypically expressed in the presence of another, we say that it is a(an) __________ allele. A. homozygous B. heterozygous C. recessive D. dominant E. suppressed
Q: Hemophilia is caused by a sex-linked recessive allele. This means that __________. A. women can be carriers but cannot get hemophilia B. the gene is found on the Y chromosome C. a man can give the allele to his son but not to his daughter D. a son who has hemophilia inherited the allele from his mother E. a son who has hemophilia inherited the allele from his father
Q: Eye color is caused by genes at multiple loci. This phenomenon is called __________. A. pleiotropy B. sex linkage C. polygenic inheritance D. incomplete dominance E. multiple carriers
Q: Germ cells have __________ unpaired chromosomes and are thus called __________ cells. A. 23; somatic B. 23; haploid C. 23; diploid D. 46; somatic E. 46; diploid
Q: The allele for cleft chin (C) is dominant to the allele for uncleft chin (c). A male and female who are both heterozygous for cleft chin have a child. What is the chance that this child will have an uncleft chin? A. 0% B. 25% C. 50% D. 75% E. 100%
Q: The alleles possessed by all members of a population collectively are called the __________. A. species DNA B. population DNA C. gene pool D. genetic drift E. phenotype
Q: In familial hypercholesterolemia, individuals with two abnormal alleles die of heart attacks in childhood, those with only one abnormal allele typically die as young adults, and those with two normal alleles have normal life expectancies. This exemplifies __________. A. penetrance B. codominance C. pleiotropy D. complete dominance E. incomplete dominance
Q: All of the body's nonreproductive cells, called __________, usually have 23 pairs of chromosomes and are thus called __________ cells. A. germ cells; haploid B. germ cells; diploid C. somatic cells; haploid D. somatic cells; diploid
Q: Which of the following is not found in RNA? A. Thymine B. Uracil C. Ribose D. Guanine
Q: Genes produce their products __________. A. as their products are needed or not B. at a steady rate all the time C. only when the appropriate hormone is present D. when the transcription activator is inhibited by an extracellular signal
Q: Cells undergo division when which of the following conditions have been met? A. They have grown large enough and replicated their DNA B. They are still growing and have ample nutrients C. They are stimulated by growth factors and neighboring cells are squeezed tightly against them D. They have grown large enough and neighboring cells are squeezed tightly against them
Q: Chromatin shortens and thickens, coiling into compact rods during __________ of mitosis. A. telophase B. anaphase C. interphase D. prophase E. metaphase
Q: Which of the following omits some stage(s) of the cell cycle? A. G1, S, G2, mitosis B. Interphase, mitosis C. G1, DNA replication, G2, mitosis D. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis E. Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
Q: A karyotype shows the __________ chromosomes sorted and isolated from a cell in __________. A. 23; interphase B. 23; metaphase C. 46; prophase D. 46; metaphase E. 46; S phase
Q: Which of these is not found in the karyotype of a normal human male? A. 46 chromosomes B. 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes C. X and Y chromosomes D. 46 chromatids E. 92 DNA molecules
Q: A cell finishing mitosis has __________ DNA molecules, while a cell finishing DNA replication has __________ DNA molecules. A. 46; 46 B. 46; 92 C. 46; 23 D. 23; 46 E. 23; 23
Q: The G1, S, and G2 phases of the cell cycle are collectively called __________. A. interphase B. telophase C. cytokinesis D. prophase E. anaphase
Q: All of the following participate in DNA replication except __________. A. DNA B. ribosomes C. DNA ligase D. DNA helicase E. DNA polymerase
Q: Cytokinesis overlaps with which phase of mitosis? A. The S phase B. Telophase C. Metaphase D. Prophase E. Interphase
Q: A mutation is __________. A. a change in size or shape of a cell B. a beneficial change in DNA structure C. a harmful change in DNA structure D. a neutral change in DNA structure E. a change in DNA structure that might be beneficial, harmful, or neutral
Q: DNA replication is called semiconservative because __________. A. each daughter DNA consists of one new helix and one old helix B. each daughter DNA consists of one new nucleotide and one old nucleotide C. each daughter DNA consists of one new chromatid and one old chromatid D. each daughter cell receives one new chromatid and one old chromatid E. each daughter cell receives one new helix and one old helix
Q: __________ opens up one segment of the DNA helix during replication; __________adds complementary free nucleotides to the exposed DNA strand. A. DNA ligase; DNA helicase B. DNA helicase; DNA polymerase C. DNA ligase; DNA polymerase D. DNA helicase; DNA ligase E. DNA polymerase; DNA ligase
Q: Which of these cannot cause a mutation? A. Radiation B. A virus C. A chemical D. A mistake made by the DNA polymerase E. A mistake made by the RNA polymerase
Q: Cell division is stimulated by __________ and suppressed by __________. A. mitosis; cytokinesis B. mitosis; contact inhibition C. cell size; cytokinesis D. growth factors; contact inhibition E. cell size; contact inhibition
Q: The stage at which chromosomes aggregate along the equator of a cell is __________. A. prophase B. metaphase C. anaphase D. telophase E. interphase
Q: Which of these processes occurs during a cell's first gap (G1) phase? A. DNA is semiconservatively replicated. B. The nuclear envelope breaks down. C. The cell synthesizes the enzymes that control mitosis. D. The cell synthesizes proteins and grows. E. The chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes.
Q: Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of a cell during __________ of the cell cycle. A. the S phase B. the G2 phase C. prophase D. metaphase E. anaphase
Q: What is the product of translation? A. A newly synthesized amino acid B. A newly synthesized polypeptide C. A newly synthesized nucleic acid D. An mRNA E. A tRNA
Q: Which molecule contains anticodons? A. An mRNA B. A DNA molecule C. A tRNA D. An rRNA E. A cDNA
Q: DNA polymerase is most active during which phase of the cell cycle? A. S B. G1 C. G2 D. M E. G0
Q: What is all of the DNA in a set of 23 chromosomes referred to as? A. A centromere B. A chromatid C. The karyotype D. The phenotype E. The genome
Q: The human genome consists of approximately __________ pairs of nucleotides. A. 3 billion B. 3 million C. 300,000 D. 3000
Q: Copying genetic information from DNA into RNA is called __________; using the information contained in mRNA to make a polypeptide is called __________. A. transcription; translation B. translation; transcription C. DNA replication; translation D. DNA duplication; transcription E. DNA translation; RNA transcription
Q: Which of the following is not directly involved in translation? A. DNA B. mRNA C. tRNA D. rRNA E. Ribosomes
Q: Transcription occurs in the __________, but most translation occurs in the __________. A. nucleus; cytoplasm B. nucleus; nucleolus C. cytoplasm; nucleus D. nucleolus; cytoplasm E. nucleolus; rough endoplasmic reticulum
Q: __________ are turned on or off by regulatory proteins in accordance with changing needs for the __________ they encode. A. Enzymes; products B. Ribosomes; proteins C. Genes; proteins D. Proteins; genes E. Genes; ribosomes
Q: Anticodons, codons, and base triplets correspond to __________ respectively. A. tRNA, DNA, and mRNA B. DNA, tRNA, and mRNA C. tRNA, mRNA, and DNA D. DNA, RNA, and pre-mRNA E. RNA, DNA, and pre-mRNA
Q: After translation, a protein may undergo structural changes called __________ modifications. A. splicing B. posttranscriptional C. posttranslational D. polyribosomal E. secretory
Q: Since there are no genes coding for carbohydrates, nucleic acids, or lipids, how do cells produce them? A. Enzymes encoded by genes synthesize these products. B. Cells are born with all the products they need. C. Cells absorb these products by endocytosis. D. Cells import these products from older cells. E. Cells can produce carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids out of proteins.
Q: The genetic code is the link between the __________ and the __________ that they represent. A. DNA molecule; 20 amino acids B. DNA molecule; 64 amino acids C. mRNA anticodons; 20 amino acids D. mRNA codons; 64 amino acids E. mRNA codons; 20 amino acids
Q: You were able to radioactively tag and thereby trace an amino acid that is used to make insulin, a hormone that will be exported out of the cell. The pathway of the tagged amino acid would be __________. A. free ribosome cytosol vesicle extracellular fluid B. rough ER Golgi complex Golgi vesicle extracellular fluid C. rough ER smooth ER Golgi complex Golgi vesicle extracellular fluid D. smooth ER Golgi complex Golgi vesicle extracellular fluid E. smooth ER Golgi complex lysosome extracellular fluid
Q: The gene coding for a polypeptide made of 51 amino acids would have a minimum of _________ bases. A. 20 B. 51 C. 102 D. 153
Q: Which of the following is the template for transcription? A. The molecule that carries codons B. The molecule that carries anticodons C. The molecule that carries base triplets D. The molecule that carries amino acids E. The molecule that carries tRNA
Q: What is the complementary DNA base sequence to the DNA strand TGCCAT? A. TGCCAT B. UGCCAU C. ACGGTA D. ACGGUA E. ACCGTA
Q: A __________ contains the necessary information for the production of a molecule of RNA. A. genome B. gene C. nucleotide D. genetic code E. codon
Q: The enzyme RNA polymerase participates in translation.
Q: There are three codons that do not code for any amino acid.
Q: All proteins made by the ribosomes are exported from a cell for use elsewhere in the body.
Q: A cell starting prophase has 92 molecules of DNA in its nucleus.
Q: After mitosis, each chromosome consists of two parallel filaments called sister chromatids.
Q: Mitosis is responsible for embryonic development and tissue growth.
Q: Many genes occur in alternative forms called alleles.
Q: Phenotype is the result of genetic influences only.
Q: Oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes have similar effects on cell division.
Q: Eye color is a normal polygenic trait.
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