Q&A Hero

Q: Which of the following is not a nucleotide? A. RNA B. GTP C. ATP D. cAMP

Q: What organelle is most active in causing programmed cell death? A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum B. Nucleus C. Centriole D. Lysosome E. Mitochondrion

Q: Muscle cells contain numerous __________ to serve their high demand for ATP. A. ribosomes B. lysosomes C. mitochondria D. inclusions E. Golgi vesicles

Q: Which organelle synthesizes steroids in the ovary and stores calcium in muscle cells? A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum C. Nucleus D. Mitochondrion E. Golgi complex

Q: __________ play an important role in cell division, and they are made of __________. A. Mitochondria; microtubules B. Ribosomes; intermediate filaments C. Nucleoli; microfilaments D. Centrioles; microtubules E. Inclusions; centrosomes

Q: __________ is the substrate of __________. A. Glucose; lactose B. Lactase; glucose C. Lactose; lactase D. Galactose; lactose E. Sucrase; sucrose

Q: All enzymes are __________. A. cofactors B. proteins C. lipids D. carbohydrates E. nucleic acids

Q: Nucleic acids are __________ of __________. A. monomers; monosaccharides B. monomers; ATP C. polymers; nucleotides D. polymers; cAMP E. polymers; DNA

Q: ATP__________ endergonic and exergonic reactions. A. opposes B. decomposes C. reduces D. links E. dehydrates

Q: Triglycerides consist of a 3-carbon compound called __________ bound to three __________. A. pyruvate; fatty acids B. lactic acid; glycerols C. eicosanoid; steroids D. glycerol; fatty acids E. sterol; fatty acids

Q: __________ are major components of cell membranes, and are said to be __________. A. Triglycerides; hydrophobic B. Steroids; hydrophilic C. Bile acids; fat-soluble D. Eicosanoids; water-soluble E. Phospholipids; amphiphilic

Q: Which of these molecules is hydrophobic? A. Glucose B. Cholesterol C. Amino acid D. Protein E. Disaccharide

Q: Proteins perform all of the following functions except __________. A. catalyze metabolic reactions B. give structural strength to cells and tissues C. produce muscular and other forms of movement D. regulate transport of solutes into and out of cells E. store hereditary information

Q: A drastic conformational change in a protein in response to extreme heat or pH is called __________. A. contamination B. denaturation C. saturation D. sedimentation E. deconformation

Q: Proteins are __________ built from __________ different amino acids. A. monomers; 10 B. molecules; 10 C. polymers; 20 D. macromolecules; 40 E. polypeptides; 20

Q: The folding and coiling of a protein into a globular shape is the __________ structure of the protein. A. primary B. secondary C. tertiary D. quaternary E. denatured

Q: An enzyme is substrate-specific because of the shape of its __________. A. active site B. receptor C. secondary structure D. terminal amino acid E. alpha chain

Q: Which of the following is not an organic compound? A. C16H18N3ClS B. Na2HPO3(H2O)5 C. CH4 D. C3H7O2N

Q: A __________ reaction breaks a __________ down into its monomers. A. hydrolysis; polymer B. dehydration synthesis; molecule C. dehydration synthesis; polymer D. polymer; molecule E. condensation; reactant

Q: The formula of an amino group is __________; the formula of a carboxyl group is __________. A. -COOH; -OH B. -CH3; -NH2 C. -OH; -SH D. -NH2; -COOH E. -SH; -H2PO4

Q: Table sugar is a disaccharide called __________ and is made up of the monomer(s) __________. A. maltose; glucose and sucrose B. sucrose; glucose and fructose C. lactose; glucose and galactose D. glycogen; glucose and fructose E. glucose; galactose and fructose

Q: Which of the following is a disaccharide? A. Galactose B. Lactose C. Glucose D. Fructose E. Amylose

Q: __________ is a monosaccharide, whereas __________ is a polysaccharide. A. Fructose; sucrose B. Galactose; maltose C. Lactose; glycogen D. Glucose; starch E. Cellulose; glucose

Q: In general, __________ have a 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen. A. enzymes B. proteins C. lipids D. carbohydrates E. nucleic acids

Q: Proteoglycans are composed of __________. A. carbohydrates and fats B. nucleic acids and fats C. carbohydrates and proteins D. proteins and fats E. nucleic acids and proteins

Q: The breakdown of glycogen (an energy-storage compound) is an example of a(n) __________ reaction. A. exergonic B. endergonic C. exchange D. synthesis E. equilibrium

Q: Potential energy stored in bonds is released as __________ energy. A. electromagnetic B. electrical C. chemical D. heat E. kinetic

Q: The breakdown of glucose to yield carbon dioxide, oxygen, and ATP can be described as __________. A. anabolic and endergonic B. catabolic and exergonic C. anabolic and exergonic D. catabolic and endergonic E. anabolic and exothermic

Q: Which one of the following would not increase the rate of a reaction? A. An increase in reactant concentrations B. A rise in temperature C. The presence of a catalyst D. The presence of an enzyme E. A decrease in reactant concentrations

Q: Which of the following terms encompasses all of the other ones? A. Catabolism B. Anabolism C. Metabolism D. Oxidation reactions E. Reduction reactions

Q: The breakdown of starch by digestive enzymes into glucose molecules is a(n) __________ reaction. A. synthesis B. decomposition C. exchange D. anabolic E. reduction

Q: Which of the following equations depicts an exchange reaction? A. AB A + B B. A + B AB C. AB + CD AC + BD D. AB A- + B+ E. A + B AB C + D

Q: A(n) __________ is a group of atoms that determines many of the properties of an organic molecule. A. carboxyl group B. functional group C. hydroxyl group D. amino group E. phosphate group

Q: When jumping into water you notice resistance. This resistance is caused by water's __________. A. adhesiveness B. cohesiveness C. hydrophobic tension D. hydrophilic tension E. osmotic equilibrium

Q: Which of these is hydrophobic? A. Glucose B. K+ C. Cl- D. Water E. Fat

Q: Blood contains NaCl, protein, and cells. The NaCl is in a(n) __________, the protein is in a(n) __________, and the cells are in a __________. A. emulsion; solution; suspension B. solvent; emulsion; colloid C. colloid; suspension; solution D. suspension; colloid; solution E. solution; colloid; suspension

Q: Which of these is the most appropriate to express the number of molecules per volume? A. Molarity B. Volume C. Percentage D. Weight per volume E. Milliequivalents per liter

Q: In a workout your muscle cells produce lactic acid, yet you maintain a constant blood pH because _________. A. metabolic acids are neutralized in muscle cells before released into the blood B. metabolic bases are produced at the same rate by muscle cells to neutralize the acids C. the respiratory system removes excess H+ from the blood before the pH is lowered D. the body contains chemicals called buffers that resist changes in pH E. endothelial cells secrete excess H+ to prevent a decrease in pH

Q: A solution that resists a change in pH when an acid or base is added to it is a(n) __________. A. buffer B. catalyst C. reducing agent D. oxidizing agent E. colloid

Q: A chemical reaction that removes electrons from an atom is called a(n) __________ reaction. A. reduction B. condensation C. hydrolysis D. anabolic E. oxidation

Q: The most relevant free energy in human physiology is the energy stored in __________. A. electrolytes ionized in water B. free radicals with an odd number of electrons C. radioisotopes D. the chemical bonds of organic molecules E. Van der Waals forces

Q: Oxygen has an atomic number of eight. When two oxygen atoms come together, they form a(n) __________ bond. A. hydrogen B. nonpolar covalent C. polar covalent D. ionic E. Van der Waals

Q: When table salt, sodium chloride (NaCl), is placed in water __________. A. Na+ and Cl- form ionic bonds with each other B. Na+ and Cl- form polar covalent bonds with each other C. Na+ and Cl- form hydrogen bonds with water D. Ionic bonds between Na+ and Cl- are broken E. Na+ and Cl- become separated by their Van der Waals forces

Q: The bonding properties of an atom are determined by its __________. A. electrons B. protons C. positrons D. neutrons E. photons

Q: What type of bond attracts one water molecule to another? A. An ionic bond B. A peptide bond C. A hydrogen bond D. A covalent bond E. A hydrolytic bond

Q: Which of these is a cation? Check all that apply. _____ O2 __X__ K+ __X__ Na+ __X__ Ca2+ _____ Cl- Gradable: automatic

Q: __________ account for 98.5% of the body's weight. A. Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sodium, potassium, and chlorine B. Carbon, oxygen, iron, sodium, potassium, and chlorine C. Carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, sodium, potassium, and chlorine D. Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sodium, and potassium E. Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus

Q: __________ differ from one another in their number of neutrons and atomic mass. A. Cations B. Anions C. Isotopes D. Electrolytes E. Free radicals

Q: Unsaturated fatty acids have as much hydrogen as they can carry.

Q: A dipeptide is a molecule with two peptide bonds.

Q: All amino acids have both a carboxyl group and an amino group attached to a central carbon.

Q: ATP is the body's most important form of long-term energy storage.

Q: The most abundant element in the human body, by weight, is __________. A. nitrogen B. hydrogen C. carbon D. oxygen E. calcium

Q: Sodium has an atomic number of 11 and an atomic mass of 23. Sodium has __________. A. 12 neutrons and 11 protons B. 12 protons and 11 neutrons C. 12 electrons and 11 neutrons D. 12 protons and 11 electrons E. 12 electrons and 11 protons

Q: The chemical properties of an atom are determined by its __________. A. protons B. electrons C. neutrons D. protons and neutrons E. particles

Q: Na (atomic no. 11) reacts with Cl (atomic no. 17) to become stable. In the reaction, Na will ____________, while Cl will ____________. A. accept one electron; give up one electron B. give up one proton; accept one proton C. share one electron with chlorine; share one electron with sodium D. become an anion; become a cation E. give up one electron; accept one electron

Q: Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and an atomic mass of 16. How many valence electrons does it have? A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8 E. 16

Q: A solution is a mixture of two or more substances that are physically blended but not chemically combined.

Q: The pH of blood plasma is approximately 7.4, which is slightly acidic.

Q: The high heat capacity of water makes it a very ineffective coolant.

Q: In an exchange reaction, covalent bonds are broken and new covalent bonds are formed.

Q: Chemical reactions in which larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones are called catabolic reactions.

Q: The opposite of a dehydration synthesis reaction is a hydrolysis reaction.

Q: Chemicals in a solution can move down a concentration gradient. This means the chemical will move from the area of __________ concentration to the area of _________ concentration. A. high; high B. low; low C. equal; equal D. low; high E. high; low

Q: Which of the following is not an example of a physiological gradient? A. Pressure B. Tissue C. Concentration D. Electrical E. Thermal

Q: DNA is an example of an __________, whereas PET scan is an example of an _________. A. abbreviation; acronym B. acronym; abbreviation C. acronym; eponym D. eponym; abbreviation E. eponym; acronym

Q: Precise spelling is important in anatomy because __________. A. there are many similar terms in anatomy that refer to different structures B. it's easier to remember acronyms when spelled correctly C. it's important to practice language skills D. eponyms are difficult to memorize E. there are many different ways to spell certain terms

Q: The ileum is ____________, where are the ilium is __________. A. a muscle; a bone B. a bone; a muscle C. part of the hip bone; part of the small intestine D. a bone in the wrist; a muscle of the back E. part of the small intestine; part of the hip bone

Q: Minerals are organic elements extracted from the soil by plants.

Q: Molecules composed of two or more atoms are called compounds.

Q: Hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium are three isotopes of hydrogen.

Q: Potassium, sodium, and chlorine are trace elements.

Q: Ionic bonds break apart in water more easily than covalent bonds do.

Q: The plural of villus (hair) is ____________, whereas the plural of diagnosis is ____________. A. villuses; diagnosises B. villi; diagnoses C. villus; diagnosis D. villi; diagnosis E. villuses; diagnosis

Q: The lexicon of standard international anatomical terms is __________. A. formed from thousands of Italian word roots B. formed from thousands of French word roots C. called Nomina Anatomica (NA) D. formed from thousands of English word roots E. called Terminologia Anatomica (TA)

Q: The study of normal body structures is called __________. A. microscopy B. pathology C. physiology D. anatomy E. biology

Q: The study of how hormones function is called __________. A. histology B. neuroanatomy C. neurophysiology D. pathophysiology E. endocrinology

Q: The study of how the body functions is called __________. A. histology B. neuroanatomy C. anatomy D. chemistry E. physiology

Q: A physiological __________ is a difference in chemical concentration, electrical charge, physical pressure, temperature, or other variables between one point and another. A. membrane B. feedback loop C. imbalance D. barrier E. gradient

Q: Which of the following is most likely to cause disease? A. Positive feedback B. Negative feedback C. Homeostasis D. Equilibrium E. Irritability