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Q:
Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "The continuation of pesticide use will be sufficient to ensure that wildlife will be threatened."
W = Wildlife are (or will be) threatened.
Q:
Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "Wildlife will be threatened if either agricultural production is increased or pesticide use is continued."
W = Wildlife are (or will be) threatened.
Q:
Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "Wildlife will not be threatened provided we do not continue the use of pesticides."
W = Wildlife are (or will be) threatened.
Q:
Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "If we are to increase agricultural production, well have to continue the use of pesticides, but if we do that wildlife will be threatened."
W = Wildlife are (or will be) threatened.
Q:
Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "We cannot both increase agricultural production and avoid threatening wildlife."
W = Wildlife are (or will be) threatened.
Q:
Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "The only way we can avoid threatening wildlife is to avoid increasing agricultural production."
W = Wildlife are (or will be) threatened.
Q:
Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "We can plant neither perennials nor annuals if we dont plant from both cuttings and seed."
P = We plant perennials.
Q:
Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "Either we will plant from cuttings, or, if we dont plant perennials, we can plant from seed."
P = We plant perennials.
Q:
Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "The only way we can plant both annuals and perennials is by planting from both cuttings and seed."
P = We plant perennials.
Q:
Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "We cant plant perennials unless we plant from cuttings."
P = We plant perennials.
Q:
Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "If we dont plant from seed, then we cant plant either annuals or perennials."
P = We plant perennials.
Q:
Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "We cannot plant perennials if we plant from either seed or from cuttings."
P = We plant perennials.
Q:
Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "If we plant both annuals and perennials, then we can plant from both seed and cuttings."
P = We plant perennials.
Q:
Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "The only way we can plant from seed is to plant annuals."
A = We plant annuals.
Q:
Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "We can plant perennials only if we plant from cuttings."
P = We plant perennials.
Q:
Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "If we plant from seed, well have to plant annuals."
A = We plant annuals.
Q:
Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "If we leave now, we can either take the bus or the train."
A = We leave now.
Q:
Determine whether the following symbolized argument is valid or invalid. If invalid, provide a counterexample; if valid, construct a deduction.
(B v D) → F
Q:
Determine whether the following symbolized argument is valid or invalid. If invalid, provide a counterexample; if valid, construct a deduction.
(I → K) & M
Q:
Determine whether the following symbolized argument is valid or invalid. If invalid, provide a counterexample; if valid, construct a deduction.
A v ~Z
Q:
Determine whether the following symbolized argument is valid or invalid. If invalid, provide a counterexample; if valid, construct a deduction.
(E v N) → (X & O)
Q:
Use the short truth-table method to determine whether the following is valid or invalid:
J → U
Q:
Use the short truth-table method to determine whether the following is valid or invalid:
~J v ~M
Q:
Use the short truth-table method to determine whether the following is valid or invalid:
A → Z
Q:
Use the short truth-table method to determine whether the following is valid or invalid:
A → (Z & L)
Q:
Use the short truth-table method to determine whether the following is valid or invalid:
Z → K
Q:
For the following argument, assign truth values to the letters to show the arguments invalidity (there is only one such assignment).
B v A
Q:
For the following argument, assign truth values to the letters to show the arguments invalidity (there is only one such assignment).
(B & V) → N
Q:
For the following argument, assign truth values to the letters to show the arguments invalidity (there is only one such assignment).
~P → ~A
Q:
For the following argument, assign truth values to the letters to show the arguments invalidity (there is only one such assignment).
~U & G
Q:
For the following argument, assign truth values to the letters to show the arguments invalidity (there are only two such assignments).
(A & Y) → (I v J)
Q:
Use the short truth-table method to determine whether the following is valid or invalid:
E → N
Q:
Use the short truth-table method to determine whether the following is valid or invalid:
Z → K
Q:
For the following argument, assign truth values to the letters to show the arguments invalidity (there is only one such assignment).
A → (Z v ~D)
Q:
For the following argument, assign truth values to the letters to show the arguments invalidity (there is only one such assignment).S v R
Q:
Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "We can go camping only if our packages arrive today."
A = We go camping.
Q:
Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "If they confirm the meeting today, Jonah will buy the necessary equipment."
A = Jonah will buy the necessary equipment.
Q:
Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "If we are leaving next week, we'll have to book our flight today."
A = We book our flight today.
Q:
Determine whether the following is valid or invalid:Either the bank made a mistake, or none of this months deposits have been recorded. If our accountant is correct, then all the accounts have been reconciled. If it is not the case that none of the months deposits has been recorded, then all the accounts could not have been reconciled. I have checked with our accountant, and he is indeed correct. Therefore, the only alternative is that the bank made a mistake.
Q:
Determine whether the following is valid or invalid:I finally discovered the mystery of why hard beds are good for you. Heres the story: If you have a hard bed, then you cannot stay comfortable for long periods, and when you cant stay comfortable for long periods, you roll around a lot. If you roll around a lot, then your joints dont ache from being in one position for too long. Therefore, if your joints ache in the morning from sleeping too long in one position, then you dont have a hard bed.
Q:
Determine whether the following is valid or invalid:If the current economic policies were to put an end to the recession, then the administration would deserve a round of applause. But there can be no end to the recession without the creation of a large number of decent-paying jobs. It follows, then, that the only way the administration is going to get a round of applause is if a large number of decent-paying jobs get created.
Q:
Determine whether the following is valid or invalid:Its not true that Alberto and John will both attend the meeting. I did learn, however, that if either Susan or Allene goes, John plans to go for sure. Therefore, if Alberto goes, it means neither Susan nor Allene is going.
Q:
Determine whether the following is valid or invalid:In a class like this, its necessary to work a lot of problems on your own in order to be familiar with the material, and such familiarity is necessary to do well in the exams. So if you work a lot of problems on your own, youll do well on the exams.
Q:
Determine whether the following is valid or invalid:Its time to leave when they start putting up the chairs, as theyre doing right now.
Q:
Determine whether the following is valid or invalid:Its easy enough to do logic if you think logically. Fortunately, I have no trouble doing logic, so I guess I think logically.
Q:
Determine whether the following is valid or invalid:She must not have ordered the eggplant, cause if she had ordered it, then she wouldnt be eating any dessert like shes doing right now.
Q:
Determine whether the following is valid or invalid:Either she ordered the eggplant, or she ordered the calamari, though possibly she might have ordered both. Well, she ordered the eggplant. So, she didnt order the calamari.
Q:
Determine whether the following is valid or invalid:If he doesnt think hell pass the class, then either hell be talking to someone, or he wont be paying attention, or both. Well, look at him. Hes talking to someone. And hes not paying the least bit of attention. Clearly he doesnt think hell pass the class.
Q:
Assume that the original claim is true, and follow the directions given. What is the truth value of the claim you wind up with?All cakes are edible desserts.(obverse, then find the contradictory.)Some cakes are nonedible desserts.
Q:
Assume that the original claim is true, and follow the directions given. What is the truth value of the claim you wind up with?No cashiers are managers. (Contrapose, then find the contrary.)Some nonmanagers are noncashiers.
Q:
Using the items in Exercise 9-12 in your text as examples, determine the truth value of the second claim (below) based on that given for the first claim.a. All Kiwis are fruits. b. Some Kiwis are fruits.Undetermined.
Q:
Using the items in Exercise 9-12 in your text as examples, determine the truth value of the second claim (below) based on that given for the first claim.a. No cats are friendly. b. Some cats are friendly.
Q:
Using the items in Exercise 9-12 in your text as examples, determine the truth value of the second claim (below) based on that given for the first claim.a. All college students are musicians. b. Some college students are not musicians.
Q:
Using the items in Exercise 9-12 in your text as examples, determine the truth value of the second claim (below) based on that given for the first claim.a. All politicians are honest. b. Some politicians are honest. Undetermined.
Q:
Using the items in Exercise 9-12 in your text as examples, determine the truth value of the second claim (below) based on that given for the first claim.a. Some engineers are not employed. b. All engineers are employed.
Q:
Using the square of opposition and the truth value of the first claim, determine the truth values of the other claims.
a. False: Some capitalists are criminals.
b. Some capitalists are not criminals.
c. No capitalists are criminals.
d. All capitalists are criminals.
Q:
Using the square of opposition and the truth value of the first claim, determine the truth values of the other claims.
a. True: All teenagers drink alcohol.
b. No teenagers drink alcohol.
c. Some teenagers drink alcohol.
d. Some teenagers do not drink alcohol.
Q:
Using the square of opposition and the truth value of the first claim, determine the truth values of the other claims.
a. False: Some hamburgers are not healthy.
b. Some hamburgers are healthy.
c. No hamburgers are healthy.
d. All hamburgers are healthy.
Q:
Using the square of opposition and the truth value of the first claim, determine the truth values of the other claims.
a. True: No first basemen are right-handed people.
b. All first basemen are right-handed people.
c. Some first basemen are right-handed people.
d. Some first basemen are not right-handed-people.
Q:
Using the square of opposition and the truth value of the first claim, determine the truth values of the other claims.
a. False: Some home movies are interesting.
b. Some home movies are not interesting.
c. All home movies are interesting.
d. All home movies are not interesting.
Q:
Using the square of opposition and the truth value of the first claim, determine the truth values of the other claims.
a. True: All senators are politicians.
b. All senators are not politicians.
c. Some senators are politicians.
d. Some senators are not politicians.
Q:
Translate the following into a standard-form categorical claim: Not all journalists are authors.
Q:
Translate the following into a standard-form categorical claim: Whenever Rosa sings, people close their ears with their fingers.
Q:
Translate the following into a standard-form categorical claim: Basketball players cannot run marathons.
Q:
Translate the following into a standard-form categorical claim: Not all cars are eco-friendly.
Q:
Translate the following into a standard-form categorical claim: Not all trees produce fruit.
Q:
Here is an argument with an unstated premise or conclusion. Translate it into a standard-form syllogism and determine whether the reasoning is valid.Anyone who missed class failed the course. Therefore, Cecile missed class.
Q:
Here is an argument with an unstated premise or conclusion. Translate it into a standard-form syllogism and determine whether the reasoning is valid.If you miss class, you fail the course, because you cant learn anything if you miss class.
Q:
Here is an argument with an unstated premise or conclusion. Translate it into a standard-form syllogism and determine whether the reasoning is valid.Some family men are not gamblers, since no gamblers are prudes.
Q:
Here is an argument with an unstated premise or conclusion. Translate it into a standard-form syllogism and determine whether the reasoning is valid.Granita is in a good mood. Its her birthday.
Q:
Here is an argument with an unstated premise or conclusion. Translate it into a standard-form syllogism and determine whether the reasoning is valid.The guys must have gone home early, since none of them were at the Bear.
Q:
Here is an argument with an unstated premise or conclusion. Translate it into a standard-form syllogism and determine whether the reasoning is valid.Robert Stewart actually thinks computers get in the way of true scholarship. He thinks they make people lazy.
Q:
Here is an argument with an unstated premise or conclusion. Translate it into a standard-form syllogism and determine whether the reasoning is valid.Nobody gets married around Christmas except people who dont care about making their friends fight the holiday travel rush, and she couldnt care less about her friends. Draw your own conclusion.
Q:
Here is an argument with an unstated premise or conclusion. Translate it into a standard-form syllogism and determine whether the reasoning is valid.It seems like everyone who goes to lots of movies loves Julia Roberts; I guess Becky must go to lots of movies.
Q:
Here is an argument with an unstated premise or conclusion. Translate it into a standard-form syllogism and determine whether the reasoning is valid.Nobody can fall off a bike like that and not be injured, so hes injured.
Q:
Here is an argument with an unstated premise or conclusion. Translate it into a standard-form syllogism and determine whether the reasoning is valid.Whoa, dont enroll in that class, man. Thats a physics class; all those people must be brains.
Q:
Reconstruct the following as a standard-form syllogism, and determine whether it is valid.
All comets that are easily visible are taken as supernatural appearances by religious cults, and the Hale-Bopp comet was the brightest, easiest-to-see comet of a generation. So it was easy to conclude that the cults would make a big, supernatural deal out of it.
Q:
Reconstruct the following as a standard-form syllogism, and determine whether it is valid.
None of the southern provinces of Spain were outside the control of the Moors before the end of the fifteenth century. So all the provinces of Andalucia must have been within Moorish control, because all of them are southern provinces.
Q:
Reconstruct the following as a standard-form syllogism, and determine whether it is valid.
Being a mathematical prodigy is not enough to guarantee success at solving problems such as Fermats Last Theorem, because several mathematical prodigies tried their hands at that very problem, and nobody could solve it until just a few years ago.
Q:
Reconstruct the following as a standard-form syllogism, and determine whether it is valid.
Slovenia is an independent Balkan country. All of the former parts of Yugoslavia are now independent Balkan countries, so Slovenia must be a former part of Yugoslavia.
S = countries identical to Slovenia; B = independent Balkan countries; Y = former parts of Yugoslavia.
All S are B.
All Y are B.
Therefore, all S are Y.