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Q:
The right to life is absolute.
True
False
Q:
Paying someone in need of money to perform a service constitutes exploitation.
True
False
Q:
Contagious diseases spread vertically through a population; genetic diseases spread horizontally through a population.
True
False
Q:
The principle of totality is based on the Natural Law theory of morality.
True
False
Q:
Both Ross and Mill believe that medical research must be based on what is useful.
True
False
Q:
Valid consent requires that we deliberate before we decide.
True
False
Q:
Paternalists believe that physicians are justified in deceiving patients if doing so is in those patients best interests.
True
False
Q:
Laws that require a person to be licensed in order to be a professional therapist are encroachments on autonomy.
True
False
Q:
matching 1)intermittent hunger caused by lack of money 2)the primary cause of hunger 3)usda program aimed at preventing or remediating domestic malnutrition and hunger for the poor 4)name of the largest national food recovery program 5)approximate number, in billions, of people in the world 6)extreme scarcity of food 7)approximate amount, in $/day, of the international poverty line for individuals 8)treatment for diarrhea-related dehydration 9)percentage of the worlds population with iron-deficiency anemia 10)number of children, in millions, under age 5 with vitamin a deficiency 11)percentage of people added to the worlds population who are born into poverty 12)coal is an example of this type of fuel 13)produced in large quantities by cows 14)this source of water for crops increases the salinity of the soil 15)type of water pollution caused by runoff 16)number of pounds of grain needed to produce one pound of animal weight gain 17)percentage of energy used in the u.s. that is consumed by the food industry 18)approximate number of commercially cultivated crops in the world today 19)term that describes using resources at a replaceable rate with no net accumulation of pollution 20)number of miles, on average, a food item is transported before it is eaten a.1.25 b.7 c.8 d.20 e.30 f.95 g.100 h.150 i.1500 j.fossil k.famine l.methane m.irrigation n.nonpoint o.poverty p.sustainable q.snap r.food insecurity s.feeding america t.ort
Q:
diseases of poverty are known to include all of the following except a.cholera. b.diabetes. c.dysentery. d.whooping cough.
Q:
what advice would you give to someone who wanted or needed to change nutrition or lifestyle habits? include comments on the following: the need for evaluation of current physical and/or nutrition status; steps necessary to improve nutrient status or physical status; ways to handle challenges that might interfere with healthful choices; and the importance of balance and moderation in choices.
Q:
describe the importance of exercise with respect to stress reduction and balance in people's lives and its impact on type ii diabetes, high blood cholesterol, and overweight.
Q:
the philosophical emphasis throughout nutrition pathways can be best summed up in which one of the following statements? "change your life." "balance your choices." "deprivation breeds success." "variety equals challenge."
Q:
the philosophical thread that runs through nutrition pathways includes the statement(s) "food should be for pleasure as well as nourishment." "nutrition and lifestyle is a matter of the right balance." "exercise is a critical component of a healthy lifestyle." all of the above
Q:
one of the outcomes of the program for the subject with high blood cholesterol was that he was able to stay off of cholesterol-lowering medication had to go back on cholesterol-lowering medication showed significant reductions in hdl and increases in ldl a and c
Q:
the greatest success for the subject who has type ii diabetes was losing 50 pounds by the end of the year jogging two miles in 20 minutes going from two insulin injections per day to none all of the above
Q:
of the challenges faced by the subject who wanted to lose weight, the most critical to her success was managing a child by herself remodeling her home exercising regularly controlling two work-related projects
Q:
other factors that can "get in the way" of achieving goals regarding lifestyle and nutrition changes include sessions with a health professional taking a course in nutrition jobs and everyday stresses all of the above
Q:
one of the lessons the subject with type ii diabetes learned from the program about food intake was that deprivation is one reason why people fail at weight loss people can have desserts, but in moderation people must change their attitudes regarding sweets as being off limits all of the above
Q:
among the reasons why people fail to change nutrition and lifestyle habits include setting goals too high changing old habits too slowly having gotten off the path then returned all of the above
Q:
the goal of the weight loss subject to lose 40 pounds in one year was completely realistic unrealistic achieved b and c
Q:
the pathways subject who had high blood cholesterol was motivated to participate because his father had a heart attack when he was 48 years old passed away shortly before the beginning of the program also had high blood cholesterol all of the above
Q:
of the three subjects who participated in the nutrition pathways program, the subject(s) who had the most life threatening condition included the one(s) with type ii diabetes who was overweight with high blood cholesterol a and c
Q:
the reasons the pathways subjects chose to participate in the nutrition pathways program included all of the following except a family history of heart disease a family history of diabetes having colon cancer being overweight
Q:
according to the components of safe food handling, the temperature range at which cold food is safest is
Q:
one basic component of safe food handling is
Q:
transfer of bacteria from one food to another during preparation and handling is known as
Q:
name one alternative to pesticide use in organic farming.
Q:
bat guana is an alternative in organic farming for the use of
Q:
how can a consumer determine what the source of a bottled water is?
Q:
sales of soft drinks, beer, and wine have taken a back seat compared to sales of
Q:
when handling fruits, vegetables, and meats in the kitchen, the best advice is to avoid cross-contamination by sanitizing utensils keep foods refrigerated until ready to eat, then serve immediately avoid taking a bite of raw food unless it's stamped "safe for consumption." wash hands and face immediately after handling meats
Q:
when bacteria on meat is transferred to vegetables that were cut on the same board as the meat, the process is referred to as sanitation-inhibition cross-contamination error-in-preparation food-irresponsibility
Q:
time and temperature are two components of safe food handling. the third basic component is speed cleanliness frequency intensity
Q:
in order to avoid the adverse side-effects of msg or other food additives, people should learn to read labels to find the offensive additive eat more fresh fruit, vegetables, and whole grains ask that the offensive food additive be left out of foods when eating out all of the above
Q:
some people have been known to react to the food additive known as msg by exhibiting symptoms, such as stomach ulcers intense headaches and depression muscle pain, especially in the calves all of the above
Q:
as a way of repelling certain pests from destroying preferred crops, plants in combination can be used such as tomato plants and basil oregano and basil plants basil and cabbage plants cabbage and tomato plants
Q:
an example of an insect that can be used to repel or eat other insects that damage or destroy crops is the cockroach june bug lady bug earthworm
Q:
some of the alternatives to pesticide use for organic farming include earthworm castings bat guana seedless cow manure all of the above
Q:
to determine the source of bottled water, it is always best to ask the store manager read the label assume it is from a spring check with friends
Q:
as an indication of the popularity of bottled water, sales of bottled water have surpassed the sale of milk soft drinks beer and wine b and c
Q:
what is the primary reason bottled water sales have increased dramatically over the past several years? people believe that tap water from the public water supply is unhealthy or unclean manufacturers of bottled water have made it inexpensive to buy when compared to tap water grocery stores have increased the shelf space, making bottled water more visible to consumers all of the above
Q:
some medical experts state that the effects of raw vegetable diets on type ii diabetes will reduce the need for insulin because people will lose significant weight on these diets not provide all the nutrients necessary for body maintenance need to be studied more to understand its effects on type ii diabetes all of the above
Q:
exercise is encouraged early on in the treatment of diabetes because exercise can stimulate muscles to take up 10-20 times more glucose than nonexercising muscles prevent the heart problems associated with diabetes prevent amputations because exercising legs are stimulated to release stored glycogen burn excess kcalories and reduce body fat associated with the onset of diabetes
Q:
glucose uptake can be increased by 10-20% above normal if a person with diabetes takes oral agents in addition to insulin injections eats only foods high in complex carbohydrates and animal protein exercises on a regular basis all of the above
Q:
of the people who die of cardiovascular disease, what percent will have diabetes as well? 50% 70% 85% 100%
Q:
what percent of new cases of end stage renal failure leading to dialysis is a consequence of diabetes? about 40% about 20% about 10% none of the above
Q:
what percent of non-accidental or non-traumatic amputations of the feet, toes, or legs is attributed to diabetes? 25% 50% 75% 100%
Q:
diabetes is the number one cause of which of the following conditions/diseases? heart disease blindness amputation kidney failure
Q:
the onset of diabetes type ii is associated with all of the following factors except being female being overweight being over forty being male
Q:
care must be taken with regard to exercise in children with type i diabetes because exercise can decrease the amount of insulin needed during the day has been shown to increase the amount of insulin needed is not beneficial to children with type i diabetes a and c
Q:
sweets and desserts can be included in the diet of a child with type i diabetes as long as they are given in very small amounts only twice/week incorporated into a diet rich in fiber and complex carbohydrates balanced with increased amounts of protein-rich foods all of the above
Q:
children with insulin-dependent diabetes should be monitored by medical professionals frequently because children frequently forget to take insulin injections diabetes can adversely affect heart, eyes, and kidneys parents are not willing to take responsibility for their children all of the above
Q:
for parents of very young children with type i diabetes, the primary responsibility of the parents is to learn to test for blood glucose levels teach their child to give themselves insulin injections keep children calm so they do not increase blood glucose all of the above
Q:
when children with type i diabetes are released from the hospital, the primary role of diabetes educators is to teach parents/families how to give insulin injections give the children their insulin injections until they are old enough to give them to themselves teach parents how to perform blood glucose tests a and c
Q:
of the following populations, the group at highest risk for type ii diabetes is males under 40 years females over 40 years children under 11 years adolescents between 14 and 18 years
Q:
the risk factors associated with the onset of type ii diabetes include having a genetic background of diabetes being a female being over age 40 all of the above
Q:
because onset is more gradual with type ii diabetes, making diagnosis difficult, experts surmise that more than one-fourth of all people with diabetes remain undiagnosed more than one-third of all people with diabetes remain undiagnosed more than one-half of all people with diabetes remain undiagnosed more than three-fourths of all people with diabetes remain undiagnosed
Q:
severe weight loss, ketone production, and coma are metabolic complications generally associated with type i diabetes type ii diabetes all diabetic conditions hypoglycemia
Q:
insulin injections are required daily for people with type i diabetes because their bodies do not produce insulin it prevents many metabolic problems from occurring insulin stimulates the cells to remove glucose from the blood all of the above
Q:
to prevent against the effects of anorexia, aids patients are encouraged to eat frequent large meals throughout the day take medications to prevent vomiting consume an instant breakfast or milkshake between meals all of the above
Q:
very high protein intakes are recommended to aids patients because they become anorexic and lose lean body mass are in negative nitrogen balance due to wasting cannot tolerate high carbohydrate foods as a rule a and b
Q:
people who have aids have a recommended dietary intake based on the following nutrient breakdown: 50% carbohydrate, 30% protein, 20% fat 40% carbohydrate, 40% protein, 20% fat 50% carbohydrate, 50% protein, no fat 60% carbohydrate, 35% protein, 5% fat
Q:
multivitamin and mineral supplements are recommended to aids patients because they do not absorb some nutrients typically eat only one meal/day eat so many sweets and fatty desserts all of the above
Q:
the most commonly malabsorbed nutrient(s) in aids patients is(are) lactose or milk sugar protein or amino acids fatty acids a and c
Q:
compared to healthy people, aids patients require a higher intake of carbohydrate protein fat vitamins
Q:
non-traditional nutrition supplements such as blue-green algae or potassium drinks may help improve immune function in aids patients bring about weight gain in the form of lean body mass interfere with medications or cause toxicity offer a safe alternative treatment for aids
Q:
nutritional strategies that are provided to aids patients include nutrition education and intervention to preserve immunity discussions on safe food handling and preparation use of non-traditional supplements that have shown to improve immunity a and b
Q:
people with aids must have good nutritional support because malnutrition can negatively impact the immune system further good nutrition can add years of life to the aids patient they will not be able to fight opportunistic infections as well without good nutrition all of the above
Q:
when cd-4 cell count is less than 200 and people have one or more opportunistic infections, they are defined as having hiv multiple sclerosis aids kaposi's sarcoma
Q:
hiv can be defined as a virus an infection that attacks the immune system a disease that attacks the t-4 cells in the body all of the above
Q:
when recommending supplemental antioxidant vitamins/minerals for people with compromised immune systems, experts agree that people should take them in prescribed safe doses so harm will be caused they still do not know what the appropriate doses are for this population people should not take greater than twice the rda for antioxidants all of the above
Q:
all of the following are simple rules to follow to help people strengthen their immune systems except maintain body weight within 10% of the ideal for age and sex use supplemental fiber equal to ten grain products daily limit dietary fat intake to less than 30% of total kcalories eat five servings of fruits and vegetables daily
Q:
by studying the immune systems of elderly people, health professionals are learning what nutrients appear promising in reducing risk of diseases such as cancer that nutrition does not help people grow old more successfully to turn back the hands of time by supplementing with specific nutrients all of the above
Q:
elderly people are usually subjects in studies on the immune system because as they age their immune systems become stronger, allowing us to study longevity are more likely to be resistant to unusual viruses become the models to see how nutrition impacts immunity have been exposed to more viruses and bacterial infections
Q:
because of the lack of appetite, hospitalized patients can become malnourished resulting in poor immune function lose unwanted body fat and unwanted pounds become more susceptible to aids or cancer all of the above
Q:
among hospitalized patients, health professionals see a general pattern with regard to immune function in that appetite decreases and patients become malnourished immune function improves because of overall good care lack of nutrients leads to faulty immune function a and c
Q:
in addition to the fiber found in cruciferous vegetables (cabbage and broccoli), other compounds that might have a positive effect on cancers are known as oxygen-retarding agents phytochemicals vitamin precursors lipid oxidizers
Q:
the statement that best characterizes fiber with regard to its positive impact on the prevention of cancer is: eat soluble fiber, such as oat bran, to reduce cancer risk eat insoluble fiber, such as wheat bran, to reduce cancer risk eat at least 10 grams of fiber/day to reduce cancer risk b and c
Q:
the recommendation from the american cancer society regarding alcohol intake and cancer prevention is to drink alcohol in limited amounts, if at all drink an established amount of alcohol daily become a teetotaler consume beer or wine instead of hard liquor