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Q:
by eating a high carbohydrate diet the day before any athletic event, muscles will have adequate fuel, i.e., glycogen for the competition athletes can eat more protein the day of the competition less water will be needed the day of the competition since carbohydrates are high in water all of the above
Q:
what type of exercise has been shown to reduce depression due to a release of brain endorphins?
Q:
according to research, what population has an increased risk of dying of heart attack or any other cause?
Q:
a person with high blood cholesterol should consider participating in an aerobic exercise program such as walking or jogging because aerobic exercise will raise hdl ("good") cholesterol after a period of training and decrease the risk for heart disease will cause a sudden increase in the heartrate to near maximal levels which lowers the "bad" cholesterol forces more ldl ("bad") cholesterol out of the body through waste elimination keeps the blood circulating faster, even at rest, therefore causes a decrease in total blood cholesterol
Q:
before undertaking an exercise or nutrition program, what preliminary steps should be taken? choose an expensive activity; that way you know you've invested money in it and be more likely to stay with it go to an exercise physiologist who can teach you how the body works choose an enjoyable activity that you know you will stay with whether you're alone or in a group get an exercise stress test from a sports medicine doctor who is also knowledgeable in nutrition
Q:
the most important component(s) of exercise from a health and longevity standpoint is(are) the intensity and duration of the activity the duration and frequency of the activity the frequency and regularity of the activity the warm-up and cool-down periods
Q:
walking is considered the best form of exercise because it is not expensive promotes cardiovascular endurance is easy to perform all of the above
Q:
the very best combination of diet and exercise for an individual who is interested in achieving the basic elements of health is lots of complex carbohydrates and regular exercise regardless of the intensity exercise two times a week with occasional "junk" food treats moderate amounts of meat and fried foods combined with weight training two times a week regular consumption of sports drinks and vigorous exercise at least three times a week
Q:
regardless of the intensity of an exercise program, the best diet emphasizes protein fat carbohydrate water
Q:
the general recommendation to support activity is to eat a diet high in protein and low in fat low in protein and high in carbohydrate high in carbohydrate and low in fat high in carbohydrate and high in protein
Q:
some companies use a wellness program or fitness facility as a vehicle to recruit employees increase morale of employees control employee exercise programs a and b
Q:
among the physiological benefits of regular exercise, which of the following can occur? regular exercise will inhibit the blood chemistry responsible for the "good" cholesterol regular exercise can be a way to improve mood and relieve depression regular exercise has been shown to increase the need for "energizers." regular exercise decreases blood flow to the brain, therefore activating endorphins, natural tranquilizers
Q:
in addition to being able to exercise at work, employees who have access to a wellness program and fitness facility at the job site is more likely to make positive changes in lifestyle has less absenteeism from work becomes more educated in health issues all of the above
Q:
individuals who run 60 or 70 miles/week, such as marathon runners, may actually feel it is not enough to achieve their goals be overexercising to the benefit of their health suppress their immune function and cause disease all of the above
Q:
overexercising has its drawback for those who try to do too much because it may increase the risk for type ii diabetes in some people can cause muscle injuries that only rest and time will heal can frustrate people if they do not see real improvements in performance may compromise the immune system and may ultimately lead to diseases such as cancer
Q:
research has shown that being sedentary increases the risk of dying from all causes is better than being sporadically active is not harmful as long as the person makes wise nutrition choices can actually help a person who has suffered from a heart attack
Q:
research clearly shows that the risk of dying not only from heart disease but from all causes is greatest for elite athletes such as marathoners. sedentary people, a.k.a. "couch potatoes." occasional exercisers, a.k.a. "week-end warriors." moderately active people who exercise 3-4 days/week
Q:
replacing meat sources of iron with plant sources could reduce the risk for heart disease while automatically reducing iron intake in the form of
Q:
what is the name of the substance found in plant foods that can bind with iron or zinc and render them unavailable for absorption?
Q:
what is the most important mineral for growth and development in infants?
Q:
by replacing meat sources of iron in the diet with plant sources of iron, someone with a high risk for heart disease would also be reducing the nonheme form of iron which is most easily absorbed, therefore decreasing risk for heart disease be reducing the heme form of iron which is most easily absorbed, therefore decreasing risk for heart disease be reducing saturated fat in the diet, therefore decreasing risk for heart disease b and c
Q:
what phytochemical is present in tomato-based products? limonene tannins lycopene indoles
Q:
what term designates foods that contain nonnutrient substances which may provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition? health foods organic foods functional foods disease preventative foods
Q:
in some studies, what population may benefit from chromium supplements? people wanting to build muscle mass people with diabetes people who are vegetarians people with high cholesterol
Q:
one of the chief functions of chromium is participation in the metabolism of iron proteins carbohydrates metallothionein
Q:
fluoride deficiency is best known to lead to dental decay osteoporosis discoloration of teeth nutritional muscular dystrophy
Q:
what is the most reliable source of dietary fluoride? public water dark green vegetables milk and milk products meats and whole grain cereals
Q:
the most common cause of iron overload is an injury to the gi tract a genetic predisposition excessive use of iron cookware excessive use of iron supplements
Q:
which of the following disorders is positively correlated with the presence of high blood iron? dermatitis diverticulosis heart disease neural tube defects
Q:
signs of iron toxicity include all of the following except apathy fatigue hypochromic anemia increases in infections
Q:
absorption of iron from supplements is improved by taking them with tea meat milk whole grain bread
Q:
what iron-containing compound carries oxygen in the bloodstream? ferritin myoglobin transferring hemoglobin
Q:
nonheme iron absorption can be enhanced by tea coffee foods containing vitamin c food containing vitamin e
Q:
what is the major cause of iron deficiency? blood loss poor nutrition hereditary defect parasitic infections of the gi tract
Q:
the population(s) at greatest risk for iron deficiency is(are) low-income, pregnant women low-income children adult males a and b
Q:
discuss osteoporosis including a definition; how it develops; how age, sex, hormones, and genetics affect it; how activity affects it; and what dietary interventions can help prevent or treat osteoporosis.
Q:
people could reduce the edema that accompanies high salt intakes by increasing their intake of
Q:
the best exercise for someone with osteoporosis is
Q:
of the 25 million people with osteoporosis, what segment of the population is most affected and at what age?
Q:
a slow and steady loss of bone calcium resulting in fracturing or splintering of bones is a characteristic of
Q:
deep, dark circles under the eyes; lethargy; increased heart rate for age; and a dry mouth are all signs of
Q:
fatigue is the first reliable sign that a person is
Q:
if athletes exercise for an hour, they could lose water equal to how many pounds of body weight?
Q:
an effect of increased water intake on the body of a person who is accustomed to greater quantities of salt is reduced edema or swelling of ankles more bloating more energy all of the above
Q:
very often the first symptom that a person has osteoporosis is a feeling of tenderness in the hips lower back problems a broken hip or wrist numbness of the toes
Q:
osteoporosis can be prevented by practicing the following advice: stop smoking begin early administration of estrogen take optimal amounts of calcium all of the above
Q:
the only oral medication known to stimulate bone formation and growth in patients with osteoporosis is hypoglycemic medication oral insulin calcium citrate with slow release fluoride calcium gluconate with phosphorus
Q:
dietary interventions to improve osteoporosis include increased calcium intakes avoidance of meat and poultry decreased salt intakes all of the above
Q:
what type of exercise can improve the outcome of osteoporosis? weight-bearing exercises, such as walking swimming laps or water aerobics meditation exercises all of the above
Q:
the most common cause(s) of osteoporosis is(are) lack of estrogen in postmenopausal women increased bone formation in the elderly lack of weight-bearing exercise during the growing years all of the above
Q:
the population most affected by bone loss resulting in osteoporosis is males over the age of 65 female athletes who compete in marathons women over the age of 50 all of the above in equal proportions
Q:
regarding sodium intake, an average adult only needs 5 grams/day or 1 teaspoon 5000 milligrams/day or 1 teaspoon 500 milligrams/day or 1/10 of a teaspoon a and b
Q:
advice to parents of a child who is dehydrated would include offering the child a teaspoon of clear liquids every 5-10 minutes ignoring the situation until the child asks for something to drink encouraging the child to drink liquids frequently, especially if they have been vomiting a and c
Q:
some of the physical symptoms reflecting dehydration in a child might include deep, dark circles under the eyes increased heart rate for age dry, tacky mucous membranes in the mouth all of the above
Q:
the very first reliable sign of dehydration is thirst chills cramps fatigue
Q:
what percent of water loss from the body could result in a life-threatening situation? 1% 5% 10% 3%
Q:
what body system appears to improve when elderly people take vitamin e and other antioxidants?
Q:
when oxygen breaks down fatty acids used by the cells to produce energy for the body, potentially damaging intermediates may be produced from a process known as
Q:
when rust forms on an iron railing or cooking oil smells rancid, the undesirable effect is caused by a process known as
Q:
excessive intakes of vitamin a have been shown to produce intracranial pressure resulting in
Q:
according to research, the body system, especially in the elderly, that shows improvement when given antioxidant supplements is the nervous system respiratory system digestive system immune system
Q:
vitamin e supplements are often taken by runners to help prevent damage to lungs caused by heavy exercise during cold weather exercising when air pollution is high exercising indoors any of the above
Q:
people who participate in vigorous aerobic-type exercise could possibly benefit from vitamin c and e supplementation to prevent against tissue damage due to free radical production muscle aches and pains associated with vigorous exercise heart problems associated with aerobic-type exercises the onset of heart disease which occurs when people train for marathons
Q:
young patients who have heart disease might be advised to take vitamin a supplements vitamin e supplements vitamin d supplements multiple vitamins
Q:
several conditions and/or chronic diseases might be prevented in the future through the use of antioxidant supplementation with vitamins c and e medications that have yet to be discovered new exercise equipment that is currently being developed all of the above
Q:
which vitamin can protect lipids, especially vitamin a and polyunsaturated fatty acids, against the effects of free radical attack? vitamin c vitamin e vitamin d vitamin k
Q:
rust forming on a metal surface or butter turning rancid are examples of an oxidation reaction which produces undesirable results a mineral interacting with a hard surface iron particles interacting with water molecules b and c
Q:
examples of the adverse effects of oxidation reactions include headaches brought on by vitamin a toxicity bubbles forming when soap mixes with greasy dishes butter or oil turning rancid or having off-flavors all of the above
Q:
intracranial pressure resulting in headaches is a side effect of taking excessive amounts of vitamin a d e k
Q:
if taken in excess, vitamin a can produce adverse effects, such as intracranial pressure in the brain resulting in headaches blurred vision resulting in headaches bone mineralization resulting in rickets all of the above
Q:
when studying allergies and aging, what water-soluble vitamin has been shown to have a positive effect?
Q:
what group of nutrients help to extract the energy from food during metabolism?
Q:
much of the vitamin content in vegetables will be destroyed if they are cooked at high temperatures for extended periods submerged in water all of the above
Q:
preferred ways to cook vegetables include steamed with a little water boiled microwaved a and c
Q:
as far as cooking vegetables is concerned, the key in preventing vitamin losses is to cook until soft to the touch not overcook--keep slightly crisp use a lot of water when cooking drink the water in which the vegetables were cooked
Q:
one way to manage fruits and vegetables on long voyages at sea is to store them in a freezer replenish them in port use canned products all of the above
Q:
researchers state that the immune system is positively affected by fat-soluble vitamins niacin thiamin vitamin c
Q:
in which of the following ways do b vitamins interact with energy-yielding foods? they provide an essential source of additional energy they are not a source of energy, but they are needed to convert the foods we eat into energy b vitamins only interact with fatty acids to produce energy b vitamins only interact with carbohydrates to produce energy
Q:
if a woman gains as much as 45 pounds during pregnancy, the best advice regarding weight loss after pregnancy is lose weight quickly for permanent weight loss lose weight slowly for permanent weight loss exercise more often than before pregnancy b and c
Q:
the best advice regarding weight gain and pregnancy is lose weight as fast as possible after pregnancy don't gain any weight during pregnancy lose weight slowly to keep it off permanently eat a lot, exercise a lot, then lose a lot