Q&A Hero

Q: According to ___, determinism is essential for free will. A. Luther B. Calvin C. Schopenhauer D. Hume

Q: Which of the following was not a hard determinist? A. Luther B. Calvin C. Schopenhauer D. Hume

Q: The view that determinism is compatible with free will is called ____. A. Hard Determinism B. Soft Determinism C. Hierarchical Compatibilism D. Rationalist Compatibilism

Q: The ___ argued that atoms within humans could swerve. A. Epicureans B. Atomists C. Determinists D. Neutronists

Q: According to ___, free will does not exist. A. Hume B. James C. Schopenhauer D. Aquinas

Q: To assume determinism is true and completely incompatible with free will is called ____. A. Hard Determinism B. Soft Determinism C. Hierarchical Compatibilism D. Rationalist Compatibilism

Q: De Valla attempts to reconcile God's foreknowledge with human free will.

Q: According to Hume, determinism implies a lack of freedom.

Q: David Hume rejected determinism.

Q: Determinism is scientifically based.

Q: Determinism is the view that everything is the result of causal laws.

Q: Calvin and Luther preached the doctrine of predestination.

Q: According to Predestination, God determines salvation based upon a person's life choices.

Q: Stoics tended to be Fatalists.

Q: Fatalism is the view that the events of life are destined.

Q: Aristotle taught Fatalism.

Q: According to ____, determinism implies a lack of freedom. A. Hume B. Einstein C. Skinner D. Marx

Q: Determinism was supported by the work of ____. A. Hume B. Calvin C. Luther D. Epictetus

Q: The view that everything is the result of causal laws is called____. A. Free Will B. Determinism C. Fatalism D. Calvinism

Q: Mike and John live in a democratic society which is currently engaged in an unjust war. Mike opposes the war which is reflected in his voting for anti-war candidates. On the contrary, John has supported it by voting for pro-war candidates. According to Palmer-Fernandez, terrorists may be justified in:a. killing both Mike and John since they are both members of the society engaging in unjust acts b. killing the people John voted for since they are the ones in charge of the state action.c. killing John, since he supported the unjust war through his vote.d. both b and c

Q: According to Palmer-Fernandez, citizens of democratic states: a. do not have responsibility for unjust wars b. have some responsibility for unjust wars c. only have responsibility for unjust wars if they are serving in the military d. only have responsibility for unjust wars if they are in industries that directly support the war effort.

Q: According to Coady, terrorism is defined as: a. the use or threat of use of force designed to bring political change b. the illegitimate use of force to achieve a political objective when innocent people are targeted. c. the organized use of violence to target non-combatants ("innocents in a special sense) for political purposes. d. the use of violence to make non-combatants live in perpetual fear.

Q: According to the just war tradition presented by Coady, which of the following is NOT a justification for going to war:a. there is a compelling state interest in obtaining a desired resource b. there must be a just cause for going to warc. war must be the last resortd. there must be a reasonable prospect of success

Q: According to Brown, the health risks associated with performance drugs are: a. inconclusive b. harmful only if taken in large doses c. not harmful d. not harmful is prescribed by a doctor or trainer

Q: According to Brown, the only argument against performance drugs that may have some credibility is the argument from: a. coercion b. personhood c. health d. slippery slope

Q: According to Simon, an "ethic of athletic competition" amounts to: a. a new theory of ethics that includes physical activity b. principles of good sportsmanship in competitive athletic events c. a view of athletics as a mutual quest for excellence through challenge d. the ethics each individual athlete brings to competition

Q: Simon's arguments against the use of performance enhancing drugs are best described as: a. utilitarian b. Kantian c. contractarian d. egoistic

Q: The end result of not being able to find a definition of unnatural that also entails that homosexuality is immoral implies that most objections to homosexuality are: a. based on a personal religious view that does not provide grounds for legally prohibiting homosexuality b. based rationalizations from people who dislike their own latent homosexual tendencies c. based on idea that "It is wrong because we"ve been taught it is wrong" d. both a and c

Q: Corvino contends that biblical prohibitions against homosexuality are: a. unequivocal and should be followed b. based on poor translations and are not in fact prohibited c. should be viewed in their historical context and thus rejected in modern life d. meaningless superstition

Q: According to Finnis, pre-Christian philosophers and cultures: a. generally condoned homosexual behavior b. did not address the issue of homosexuality one way or another c. generally disapproved of homosexual behavior d. at best tolerated homosexual behavior

Q: Finnis holds that the sole purpose of marriage is: a. procreation b. securing friendships between men and women c. the raising of children d. both a and b

Q: Passive undercover work consists of: a. police providing people with the opportunity to commit a crime b. police going after a particular person thought to be a criminal c. police going after a particular person by giving them the opportunity to commit a crime d. police going after a person by infiltrating a group and waiting for them engage in an illegal activity

Q: Slogobin holds that the public defense of lying is best done by:a. state legislatorsb. federal legislators c. public debated. judicial review

Q: According to Bok, lies can be publicly defended when: a. police believe the lie may be effective means of gaining information b. there are alternatives to lying but they require more effort on the part of police c. lying would produce a surfeit of benefits versus harms d. lying can never be publicly defended since lying is always wrong

Q: According to Bok, all of the following are justifications for lying EXCEPT: a. preventing harm b. producing benefit c. fairness d. protecting feelings

Q: According to Steinbock, one reason Marquis's argument fails is:a. it fails to take into account potential personsb. it fails to look at the past experiences of beings c. it allow for active euthanasiad. it fails to establish a specific moment of personhood of the fetus.

Q: According to Steinbock, only beings that fit the following criteria have moral status:a. beings that have valuable future experiences b. beings that are rationalc. beings that are sentientd. beings that can understand and follow rules

Q: According to Marquis, murder is wrong because:a. it deprives the person killed of valuable future experiences b. it deprives the family of the deceased their love onec. it makes the murderer a bad person d. everybody knows murder is wrong

Q: According to Marquis, it would be wrong to do all of the following EXCEPT:a. killing a newborn b. aborting a fetusc. killing some animalsd. killing a end-stage cancer patient

Q: Pojman's argument for the death penalty relies on a:a. utilitarian justificationb. social contract justificationc. a Kantian justificationd. a and c

Q: Pojman holds that the accidental execution of an innocent person:a. is an acceptable lossb. does not or has not actually occurredc. is never an acceptable trade-off for the possible benefits of the death penalty. d. does count against the retention of the death penalty

Q: According to Bright, prosecutorial discretion on whether to seek the death penalty results in:a. more judicious use of the death penalty b. a fairer application of the death penaltyc. less political posturing on the death penaltyd. geographic disparities on whether the death penalty is imposed

Q: According to Bright, the process leading to a death sentence is: a. fair b. impartial c. arbitrary d. well-funded

Q: All of the following are possible answers to the question of moral responsibility EXCEPT:a. Libertarianism b. Compatibilism c. Determinismd. Essential element of the social structure

Q: It is possible to judge a person's life virtuous while simultaneously:a. denying that the person is a personb. denying that person did any virtuous actsc. denying that person morally responsible for that virtuous life d. both b and c

Q: According to both libertarians and compatibilists, to be morally responsible for an act requires:a. being free to act or not actb. the act be compatible with your deep beliefs c. the act be one that is rationald. none of the above

Q: Jacob is caught by the police while stealing medication from a pharmacy. When questioned by the police Jacob takes responsibility for the crime. From his admission we can conclude that:a. Jacob is morally responsible for the crimeb. Jacob is responsible in his role as criminalc. Jacob is innocent of the crime and is being forced to confess d. a and b

Q: According to deep compatibilism, a drug addict that truly likes doing drugs is:a. deceiving themselves and not truly freeb. free because he has the will he wants to havec. neither free nor determined since drugs effect his mental ability d. none of the above

Q: According to rationalist compatibilism, to have a free will you must a. be able to choose to do whatever you desireb. choose only those things that weren"t pre-determinedc. doing the right thing for the right reason d. follow your deep values and preferences

Q: Monique holds that while many of our choices are influenced if not outright determined by forces outside our control, there is a small domain of free will that allows us to overcome these forces and choose freely. Monique is best described as a:a. fatalistb. libertarianc. compatibilist e. determinist

Q: David holds that free will is a myth and that the outcomes of our lives are pre-determined, regardless of what we do. David is best described as a:a. fatalistb. deterministc. compatibilist d. libertarian

Q: According to utilitarianism, to be due moral consideration a thing must a. be able to perform utilitarian calculationsb. be able to follow the outcomes of utilitarian calculationc. be able to experience pleasure or pain d. b and c

Q: Contemporary evolutionary science is incompatible with the view thata. there is a strict line between humans and nonhumans b. there is no strict line between humans and nonhumans c. morality was probably present in our recent ancestorsd. none of the above

Q: Tom Regan believes that animals can properly be viewed as a source of moral concern if we amend Kantian ethics to include the idea ofa. reason as an essential aspect of moral personhood b. feelings as essential to moral personhoodc. the ability to experience pleasure and paind. being capable of being the subject of a life.

Q: Gina claims that only those individuals that can know and act from the knowledge of moral rules are moral agents. Gina is best described as aa. social contract theorist b. utilitarianc. Kantiane. neo-Kantian

Q: Moral realism would fail as a theory if a. a more plausible theory was foundb. it failed in a single instance as an effective theoryc. a general agreement on moral principles is not foundd. both a and c

Q: Moral realism could be established bya. the outcome of a single experimentb. investigations carried out at the molecular level c. a paradigm shiftd. demonstrating its effectiveness as a plausible productive theory

Q: Contemporary moral realism is _________ about the existence of moral facts than traditional approaches.a. more certainb. less certainc. just as certaind. generally indifferent

Q: Moral realism is based ona. an intuitive approach to ethics b. an emotive approach to ethicsc. a scientific approach to ethicsd.an evolutionary approach to ethics

Q: Non-objectivists and objectivists may differ on how best to shape their children to be cooperative moral citizens in that a. non-objectivists would hold that we instill moral truth in children rather than teaching them to recognize moral truth b. objectivists would hold that we shape a positive moral outlook in children rather than teaching to recognize moral truth. c. non-objectivists believe we need not teach children anything since there are no objective moral values d. none of the above

Q: Internalists are those who hold a. that the motive to act morally is separate from the recognition of moral facts b. that moral facts come from an intuitive sense inside us c. that real moral facts must motivate those who recognize the fact d. that morality is internally subjective

Q: According to the emotivist a statement such as "Murder is wrong" is the same as a. don"t murder or boo murder?! b. I (the speaker) believe murder is wrong. c. murder is a violation of the categorical imperative d. murder is intuitively wrong

Q: Nonobjectivists are a. skeptics about objective moral truth b. believers in objective moral truths c. convinced there are no moral truths d. agnostic as to the existence of moral truths

Q: According to Carol Gilligan, the differences between the moral reasoning of men and women can be accounted for by a. a different approach to moral reasoning b. the superiority of male reasoning in ethics c. the lack of moral development in women d. none of the above

Q: An ethic of care emphasizes all of the following EXCEPTa. friendshipb. self-interest c. empathyd. affection

Q: An ethic of care would require that in a utilitarian calculation one should give weight to the interests of people closest to us.a. lessb. equalc. more d. no

Q: The relationship between care ethics and traditional approaches to ethics is a. Adversarial b. Complementary c. Essentially the same d. completely incompatible

Q: According to Aristotle's "Golden Mean", the virtue of bravery lies betweena. foolhardiness and cowardice b. courageous and lazinessc. melodramatic and indifferent d. none of the above

Q: According to situationist psychology, our character, character traits and our virtuesa. are the best explanation for our behaviorb. do not explain our behaviorc. explain our behavior only when combined with the situation in which we find ourselves d. only partially determine our behavior

Q: Virtue theorists hold that one becomes virtuous bya. determining which actions are moral according to the categorical imperative and then habitually doing those things.b. doing those actions which are most beneficial to societyc. doing those actions that the virtuous person would perform if they were in the same situation. d. none of the above

Q: Virtue ethics is different from other ethical approaches in that it a. emphasizes rules over other moral concernsb. emphasizes outcomes as opposed to dutiesc. emphasizes self-interest over all other concernsd. emphasizes character over all other moral concerns

Q: Gauthier believes that social contract can be based on a. altruism and self-interestb. altruism alonec. self-interest aloned. pity and self-interest

Q: Rawls's "veil of ignorance" excludes knowledge of all of the following EXCEPTa. physical characteristics b. intelligencec. aesthetic preferencesd. desire to live and prosper

Q: According to Hobbes, the state of nature is a. a state of general cooperationb. a scientific description of the environmentc. a state of war of all against all d. none of the above

Q: Travis holds that moral obligations always override other non-moral values. Travis would best be described as aa. nihilistb. moral saint c. narcissistd. pluralist

Q: Emerson believes that moral theorizing ought to be scientific and is therefore an advocate of experimenting with various moral systems to see which works best. Emerson is best described as aa. pluralist b. monist c. scientistd. pragmatist

Q: Although Maggie believes that her religion is the only true religion, she does not believe that the state should impose that faith on others through things like prayer in the public schools. Maggie is best described asa. a value pluralist and political monist b. both a value and political monistc. a value monist and a political pluralist d. a value pluralist and a political pluralist

Q: The view that there is one fundamental overriding moral value or good is known as ethical a. pluralismb. monismc. pragmatismd. summum bonum

Q: The determination of whether one pleasure is more valuable than another, is/was a. settled by Mill in the minds of most utilitarians.b. still debated by contemporary utilitarians. c. an issue Bentham took no stand on.d. not an issue that concerns contemporary utilitarians.

Q: According to the utilitarian the right action is the one that produces the greatest happiness fora. oneself.b. those we care about the most.c. the greatest amount of happiness for feeling thingsd. those we have a duty to make happy.