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Q:
according to body mass index values, what fraction of the u.s. adult population is considered overweight or obese? a.1/10 b.1/6 c.1/3 d.2/3
Q:
discuss the criteria for diagnosis and evaluation of binge-eating disorder.
Q:
explain the role that society plays in promoting eating disorders.
Q:
outline important diet strategies for helping overcome bulimia nervosa.
Q:
compare and contrast the characteristics of binge-eating disorder and bulimia nervosa.
Q:
discuss the characteristics of binge-eating disorder. what is known about its treatment?
Q:
list the characteristics of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. describe the typical personality traits of individuals with these eating disorders.
Q:
explain the relationship between eating disorders and osteoporosis in female athletes.
Q:
why are females, including athletes, more vulnerable to eating disorders?
Q:
list four risk factors for eating disorders in athletes.
Q:
what are some possible explanations of the association between excess body fat and cancer?
Q:
what is the association between chronic inflammation and the metabolic syndrome?
Q:
list several health risks associated with being underweight and with being overweight.
Q:
briefly explain the following techniques for the estimation of body composition: a) skinfold measures, b)hydrodensitometry, c) bioelectrical impedance, d) air displacement plethysmography, and e) dual energy x-ray absorptiometry.
Q:
why do health care professionals prefer to use bmi and waist circumference in preference to other measures of body composition for assessment of health risk?
Q:
explain the adverse effects of excess body fat deposited around the abdominal region.
Q:
why is waist circumference considered a good indicator of central obesity?
Q:
what are some of the physiological consequences in a person who falls below a certain threshold for body fat?
Q:
what factors should be considered in determining healthy body fat levels in people or population groups?
Q:
under what conditions or circumstances would it be desirable for people to have less or more body fat than normal?
Q:
discuss the importance of fat distribution in the body in relation to risk for degenerative diseases.
Q:
present the bmi figures that denote underweight, healthy weight, overweight, and obese.
Q:
list 6 tips that promote a person's acceptance of a healthy body weight.
Q:
what factors may account for the decline in bmr with age?
Q:
explain the meaning and significance of a.the thermic effect of food. b.adaptive thermogenesis.
Q:
discuss the contributions of gender, growth rate, age, physical activity, and body composition in the estimation of energy requirements.
Q:
list the major components that contribute to the bodys daily expenditure of energy. compare the relative contributions of each of these components in a sedentary person with their contributions in a marathon runner of the same body weight.
Q:
define basal metabolic rate and discuss factors that increase and decrease it.
Q:
compare measurement of the basal metabolism with measurement of the resting metabolism.
Q:
how does consumption of fiber and protein induce satiation and satiety?
Q:
diagram the interrelationships associated with hunger, satiation, and satiety.
Q:
explain the difference between satiety and satiation. give examples of nutrients with a high or low satiating index.
Q:
discuss factors that affect the sensations of hunger and appetite.
Q:
discuss factors that can override hunger and satiety.
Q:
discuss common methods for determining the energy content of foods and energy expenditure of individuals.
Q:
matching: 1>approximate number of kcalories in 2 pounds of body fat 2>technique used to measure the amount of heat given off when a food burns 3>technique used to measure the amount of oxygen consumed when a food burns 4>response to the smell of favorite food 5>irritating sensation that initiates thoughts of food 6>a feeling of fullness after eating 7>eating in response to arousal 8>eating in response to the time of day 9>energy needed to maintain the body at rest 10>a factor that lowers basal metabolism 11>a factor that raises basal metabolism 12>approximate number of kcalories per minute expended by a person with a total daily energy need of 2900 kcalories 13>term that describes the energy needed to process food 14>changes in energy expenditure consequent to changes in environment 15>the amount of energy in a 1000-kcalorie meal that is expended as specific dynamic activity 16>synonymous with the thermic effect of food 17>maximum thermic effect of alcohol as percentage 18>the percentage decline in basal metabolism per decade of adult life 19>body mass index of an adult of 180 lbs and 5 ft 11 in 20>lower range of body fat percentage in normal-weight men a.2 b.5 c.18 d.20 e.25 f.100 g.7000 h.fasting i.satiety j.hunger k.caffeine l.appetite m.external cue n.stress eating o.thermic effect p.basal metabolism q.direct calorimetry r.indirect calorimetry s.specific dynamic effect t.adaptive thermogenesis
Q:
what is the primary factor that differentiates bulimia nervosa from binge eating? a.purging is rarely practiced in binge-eating disorder b.higher rates of depression are reported in bulimia nervosa c.more food is consumed at one setting in binge-eating disorders d.uncontrollable cravings for high-fat foods are seen only in bulimia nervosa
Q:
which of the following is not a dietary recommendation for people with bulimia nervosa? a.avoid skipping meals b.include fiber-rich foods c.eat cold foods to stimulate satiety d.avoid finger foods to minimize overeating
Q:
which of the following is characteristic of the eating pattern of people with bulimia nervosa? a.binge eating usually occurs during the daytime b.binge eating is frequently done at restaurant buffets c.binge eating typically occurs after a period of strict dieting d.a binge eating episode is usually completed within 20 minutes
Q:
typical foods chosen by a person with bulimia nervosa during a binge include all of the following except a.bread b.cookies c.ice cream d.vegetables
Q:
approximately what fraction of people treated for anorexia nervosa show reasonable maintenance of their weight gain? a.1/4 b.1/2 c.4/5 d.9/10
Q:
the first dietary objective in the treatment of anorexia nervosa is to a.stop further weight loss b.increase physical activity c.decrease physical activity d.eat foods with higher fiber content
Q:
which of the following is a characteristic of people with anorexia nervosa? a.most are aware of their condition and seek treatment b.fewer than 200 women die each year from the disease c.among those who are treated, many relapse into abnormal eating patterns d.during initial treatment, metabolism slows and appetite increases but thereafter subsides
Q:
which of the following is not among the characteristics of anorexia nervosa? a.in those who recover, energy intakes return to normal b.treatment with prescription drugs plays only a limited role c.it has one of the highest mortality rates among psychiatric disorders d.only one-half of women who are treated can maintain body weight at a near healthy level
Q:
which of the following is a feature of anorexia nervosa? a.often self-diagnosed b.underestimating body fatness c.more frequent menstrual cycles in females d.frequently results in a bmi less than 17
Q:
which of the following is not a common behavior of people afflicted with muscle dysmorphia? a.use of dietary supplements b.use of cathartics and emetics c.consumption of high-protein diets d.weight training for hours at a time
Q:
all of the following are typical characteristics of amenorrhea except a.infertility b.bone mineral loss c.muscle dysmorphia d.low blood estrogen
Q:
which of the following is a characteristic of amenorrhea? a.it induces prolonged bone loss b.it is a risk factor for women with bulimia c.it is a normal adaptation to strenuous physical training d.it is precipitated by high serum estrogen concentrations
Q:
what are the three most common eating disorders, in order from highest to lowest prevalence? a.binge eating, bulimia nervosa, and anorexia nervosa b.anorexia nervosa, binge eating, and bulimia nervosa c.bulimia nervosa, binge eating, and anorexia nervosa d.bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, and binge eating
Q:
a cathartic is a a.strong laxative b.drug that induces vomiting c.device to measure skinfold thickness d.device to measure the amount of intra-abdominal fat
Q:
what is an emetic? a.an appetite suppressant b.an inhibitor of intestinal lipase c.a substance that induces vomiting d.an over-the-counter weight loss product
Q:
what is the most common eating disorder in both males and females? a.athlete triad b.bulimia nervosa c.anorexia nervosa d.binge-eating disorder
Q:
what term is given to the condition of a female athlete who has an eating disorder and develops amenorrhea and osteoporosis? a.female athlete triad b.triathlete medical disorder c.high stress tertiary disorder d.nonadaptable training syndrome
Q:
which of the following may best explain the relationship between excess body fat and higher risk for cancers of the female reproductive system? a.obese women are more sedentary, which promotes cancer development b.the higher levels of body fat act as a reservoir of carcinogenic substances c.excess body fat produces more estrogen, which may promote tumor development d.the greater food consumption of obese women provides a higher intake of naturally-occurring carcinogens
Q:
which of the following describes an association between body weight and mortality? a.obesity is the fourth leading cause of premature death b.overweight men who are physically fit have a lower mortality risk than normal-weight, unfit men c.normal-weight men who are physically unfit have a similar mortality risk versus normal-weight fit men d.the amount of weight gain in adulthood that is not associated with increased mortality is 20 pounds or less
Q:
the major cause of insulin resistance is related to a.low-protein diets b.high-protein diets c.excess body weight d.prolonged excess carbohydrate intake
Q:
which of the following is not a symptom of metabolic syndrome? a.low blood glucose b.low hdl cholesterol c.elevated blood pressure d.high blood triglycerides
Q:
what term best describes a failure of the bodys cells to respond to secretion of insulin? a.central obesity b.insulin resistance c.thyroid insufficiency d.hypothalamic impedance
Q:
each of the following is an association between type 2 diabetes and body fat except a.people with the disease often have central obesity rather than lower-body obesity ba woman who has gained 12 pounds since age 18 has doubled her risk of developing the disease c.an obese person is 3 times more likely to develop the disease than is a nonobese individual d.overweight people with the disease who lose weight show no improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin resistance
Q:
which of the following is a characteristic of chronic inflammation? a.it increases the risk for obesity by 50% b.it is associated with the development of metabolic syndrome c.it is commonly found in people with a bmi less than 24 d.it enhances insulin sensitivity leading to periodic bouts of hypoglycemia
Q:
inflammation is characterized by an increase in a.adipocytes b.stress eating c.immune cells d.subcutaneous fat stores
Q:
which of the following is a consequence of losing excess body weight? a.it reverses atherosclerosis b.it lowers hdl-cholesterol c.it increases insulin resistance d.it raises the number of immune cells in adipose tissue
Q:
ben is worried that his family history of heart disease and his bmi of 28 are putting him at very high risk for developing cardiovascular disease. what would a clinician advise ben to help lower his risk? a.take steps to raise his ldl and lower his hdl b.consider liposuction surgery for removing extra abdominal fat c.lose weight as this can lower both blood cholesterol and blood pressure d.obtain genetic testing to determine the exact percent chance of developing cardiovascular disease
Q:
all of the following are features of the health risks associated with excessive body fat except a.obesity is classified as a disease b.obese women have elevated levels of estrogen c.the risks are higher in black women than in white women d.people with a bmi higher than 35 have a high risk of dying prematurely
Q:
_____ is second only to _____ in causing premature deaths. a.underweight, obesity b.tobacco, underweight c.tobacco, obesity d.obesity, tobacco
Q:
which of the following is not a known health risk for being underweight? a.diabetes b.infertility in women c.giving birth to unhealthy infants d.increased cancer-induced wasting
Q:
a graph of the relationship between mortality (y or vertical axis) and body mass index is shaped like a(n) a.j b.s c.backslash d.inverted u
Q:
which of the following is a common method used to assess body fat? a.impedence densitometry b.radioactive sodium count c.bioelectric absorptiometry d.air displacement plethysmography
Q:
to assess body composition, health-care professionals most often use bmi and a.skinfold thickness b.hydrodensitometry c.waist circumference d.bioelectric impedence
Q:
which of the following is a characteristic associated with using weight measures to assess risk of disease? a.they are expensive to perform b.they are complicated to perform c.they are able to quantitate total body fat d.they cannot reveal fat distribution and central obesity
Q:
visceral fat is stored chiefly a.around the thighs and neck b.within the liver and spleen c.around the abdominal organs d.within subcutaneous adipocytes
Q:
according to much research, which of the following is a characteristic of excess body fat that is distributed primarily around the abdomen? a.it is related directly to exercise b.its presence lowers the risk for diabetes c.it is less common in women past menopause d.it is associated with increased mortality for both sexes
Q:
there is a high risk of obesity-related health problems when a mans waist circumference begins to exceed a.40 inches b.45.5 inches c.50 inches d.52.5 inches
Q:
a high risk of weight-related health problems is seen in women whose waist circumference begins to exceed a.24 inches b.28 inches c.35 inches d.42 inches
Q:
according to much research, in what region of the body is the storage of excess body fat associated with the highest risks for cardiovascular disease? a.neck b.abdomen c.hips and thighs d.arms and shoulders
Q:
waist circumference can best be used to assess a.bmi b.total body water c.abdominal fat stores d.subcutaneous fat stores
Q:
intra-abdominal fat is the same as a.waist fat b.visceral fat c.lipid profile fat d.subcutaneous fat
Q:
which of the following can be used to gauge the amount of a persons abdominal fat? a.bmi b.essential body fat c.hydrodensitometry d.waist circumference
Q:
research in obese people seems to show that there is less susceptibility to health problems provided that the excess body fat is distributed around the a.stomach b.arms and chest c.hips and thighs d.neck and shoulders
Q:
which of the following defines central obesity? a.accumulation of fat during the mid-years of life b.storage of excess fat around the trunk of the body c.overfatness due to a large number of interacting behavioral problems d.overfatness due to reliance on high-fat foods as a central part of the diet