Accounting
Anthropology
Archaeology
Art History
Banking
Biology & Life Science
Business
Business Communication
Business Development
Business Ethics
Business Law
Chemistry
Communication
Computer Science
Counseling
Criminal Law
Curriculum & Instruction
Design
Earth Science
Economic
Education
Engineering
Finance
History & Theory
Humanities
Human Resource
International Business
Investments & Securities
Journalism
Law
Management
Marketing
Medicine
Medicine & Health Science
Nursing
Philosophy
Physic
Psychology
Real Estate
Science
Social Science
Sociology
Special Education
Speech
Visual Arts
Philosophy
Q:
what fraction of all domestic violence incidents involve alcohol use? a.1/10 b.1/5 c.1/3 d.2/3
Q:
what is the median weekly number of alcoholic drinks consumed by college students? a.1 1/2 b.3 c.5 d.10
Q:
approximately what percentage of all traffic fatalities involves alcohol? a.5 b.25 c.40 d.75
Q:
which of the following is true regarding alcoholic beverages containing caffeine? a.the fda has banned their sales b.the time to intoxication is slowed by the caffeine c.the presence of caffeine slows down consumption d.the caffeine slows the development of alcohol-induced impairment
Q:
approximately how many kcalories from ethanol are contained in one standard drink of vodka or rum? a.25 b.50 c.100 d.200
Q:
chronic excess alcohol intake leads to all of the following effects on folate except a.the small intestine recycles more folate b.the liver releases more folate into the blood c.the kidneys excrete more folate via the urine d.the small intestine absorbs less folate from the diet
Q:
which of the following is a feature of ethanol metabolism? a.it increases gastric acid output b.it decreases activity of the meos c.it decreases secretion of gastric histamine d.it increases secretion of antidiuretic hormone
Q:
the wernicke-korsakoff syndrome in people with chronic alcohol abuse stems primarily from a deficiency of a.folate b.thiamin c.antidiuretic hormone d.alcohol dehydrogenase
Q:
which of the following is a consequence of alcohol intake? a.the meos is suppressed b.homocysteine production is reduced c.water content of the blood is increased d.antidiuretic hormone production is suppressed
Q:
what minimum concentration of alcohol in the blood is usually fatal? a.0.5% b.1% c.5% d.50%
Q:
what minimum concentration of blood alcohol leads to impaired judgment and increased heart rate? a.0.01 b.0.05 c.0.10 d.0.35
Q:
what is the minimum blood alcohol percentage that defines legal drunkenness in most states? a.0.10 b.0.20 c.0.30 d.0.40
Q:
which of the following functions is(are) first to be affected when a person begins to drink alcohol? a.speech and vision b.judgment and reasoning c.voluntary muscle control d.respiration and heart function
Q:
approximately what percentage of alcohol in the body is eliminated via the urine and breath? a.1 b.2 c.10 d.25
Q:
what is meos? a.an advanced liver disorder b.a drug that inhibits alcohol absorption c.a waste product of alcohol metabolism d.a system of enzymes that oxidizes alcohol and drugs
Q:
what is the sequence of stages that brings about advanced liver disease caused by chronic alcohol toxicity? a.fibrosis, gout, cirrhosis b.fibrosis, cirrhosis, fat depletion c.cirrhosis, fat accumulation, fibrosis d.fat accumulation, fibrosis, cirrhosis
Q:
excess alcohol intake leads to a reduction in the synthesis rate of a.liver fat b.liver glucose c.ketone bodies d.acetyl coa molecules
Q:
what is the first stage of liver deterioration in heavy drinkers? a.fibrosis b.fatty liver c.primary cirrhosis d.failure of the meos pathway
Q:
which of the following controls a persons maximum rate of alcohol catabolism? a.breathing rate b.activity of alcohol dehydrogenase c.gastric acetaldehyde dehydrogenase d.activity of the electron transport chain
Q:
in the average healthy person, about how much time is required by the liver to process the alcohol in a typical drink? a.15 minutes b.30 minutes c.1 hour d.2 hours
Q:
your middle-aged aunt says that she always feels more tipsy than her same-size husband, even though their alcohol intake is the same. you respond by saying to your aunt: a.men have greater amounts of liver acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and so can oxidize the alcohol at a faster rate b.women have less stomach alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme and consequently absorb more of the alcohol into the bloodstream c.men have greater amounts of alcohol dehydrogenase in the brain, resulting in reduced exposure of brain neurons to alcohol d.women have less liver alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and so more alcohol is released into the systemic circulation
Q:
which of the following statements is not characteristic of alcohol metabolism? a.there are gender differences in the rate of breakdown b.the average person needs about two hours to metabolize two drinks c.alcohol is metabolized by muscle and brain cells as well as by the liver d.the amount of alcohol in the breath is proportional to the amount in the blood
Q:
what is acetaldehyde? a.an intermediate in fatty acid synthesis b.an intermediate in alcohol metabolism c.the first product of fatty acid catabolism d.the tca compound that combines with acetyl coa
Q:
which of the following plays a major role in regulating the elimination of alcohol from the body? a.lung respiratory rate b.kidney antidiuretic hormone c.liver alcohol dehydrogenase d.brain acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
Q:
which of the following is characteristic of alcohol absorption? a.it is slowed when the stomach is full of food b.it is increased when high-fat snacks are eaten c.it is increased when carbohydrate snacks are eaten d.it is lower in women than in men of the same body weight
Q:
the metabolism of alcohol begins in the a.liver b.brain c.stomach d.intestines
Q:
which of the following is(are) best suited for slowing alcohol absorption? a.not eating b.protein snacks c.caffeinated drinks d.carbohydrate snacks
Q:
what is the primary organ that oxidizes alcohol? a.brain b.liver c.pancreas d.digestive tract
Q:
what organ is first to absorb alcohol after a person takes a drink? a.colon b.stomach c.jejunum d.duodenum
Q:
which of the following is one explanation for the generally lower tolerance for alcohol in women in comparison to men? a.women fast more often b.women do not eat as much food with the alcohol c.women consume more of their alcohol in sweetened drinks d.women have lower amounts of stomach alcohol dehydrogenase
Q:
what is the percentage of ethanol in 120-proof scotch whiskey? a.5 b.30 c.60 d.95
Q:
one average-sized can of beer contains about the same amount of alcohol as a.1/2 ounce of rum b.1/2 quart of wine c.1 1/2 ounces of vodka d.1 quart of wine cooler
Q:
approximately how many kcal are contained in 3 ounces of 80-proof rum? a.50 b.100 c.150 d.200
Q:
the amount of ethanol in a typical drink is a.0.5 ounce b.1 ounce c.1.5 ounces d.2 ounces
Q:
with alcoholic beverages, the ratio of proof to alcohol percentage is a.1:1 b.2:1 c.4:1 d.8:1
Q:
the chemical structure of ethanol consists of a.4 carbons and 1 keto acid b.6 carbons and 2 double bonds c.2 carbons and 1 hydroxyl group d.3 carbons and 2 carbonyl groups
Q:
which of the following defines a moderate level of alcohol intake per day for the average-sized man? a.up to 1 drink b.up to 2 drinks c.up to 3 drinks d.up to 5 drinks
Q:
which of the following defines a moderate level of alcohol intake per day for the average-sized woman? a.up to 1 drink b.up to 2 drinks c.up to 3 drinks d.up to 5 drinks
Q:
binge drinking is defined as the successive consumption of a.1-2 drinks b.4-5 drinks c.6-9 drinks d.more than 10 drinks
Q:
the health benefits of moderate alcohol intake occur in people _____ years of age and older. a.21 b.35 c.55 d.65
Q:
what type of diet is associated with the development of ketosis? a.low fat b.low protein c.low carbohydrate d.high carbohydrate
Q:
a person with fruity odor on the breath demonstrates evidence of metabolic a.ketosis b.alkalosis c.transamination d.anaerobic breakdown
Q:
lillie has been losing weight by following a very-low-carbohydrate diet for 2 months. her primary care physician just diagnosed ketosis through a urine sample. which of the following symptoms would be another way the physician might have suspected ketosis in lillie? a.thinning hair b.irritable temper c.fishy body odor d.fruity odor on breath
Q:
adverse side effects of typical low-carbohydrate diets include all of the following except a.fatigue b.nausea c.constipation d.high blood pressure
Q:
which of the following is a feature of low-carbohydrate diets? a.body glycogen stores are preserved b.ketosis is evident within the first 1-2 days c.in the first few days, body fat loss exceeds water loss d.overall body fat losses are about the same as with other diets
Q:
what organ is the major site for gluconeogenesis? a.liver b.brain c.muscle d.small intestine
Q:
which of the following is classified as a ketone body? a.sorbitol b.pyruvate c.acetyl coa d.acetoacetate
Q:
which of the following is a characteristic of ketosis? a.it may lead to a lowering of blood ph b.it leads to increased appetite in most individuals c.it may be alleviated quickly by ingestion of some dietary fat d.it is a necessary physiological adjustment for maximum weight loss
Q:
which of the following does not typically decrease in starvation? a.metabolic rate b.mental alertness c.immune function d.body temperature
Q:
how are ketones formed? a.condensation of lactic acid molecules b.condensation of acetyl coa molecules c.hydrolysis of excess glycerol fragments d.hydrolysis of excess pyruvate fragments
Q:
ketonemia is defined as an elevation of a.ketones in the blood b.ketones in the urine c.alpha-ketoglutarate in the blood d.alpha-ketoglutarate in the urine
Q:
elizabeth has been fasting for 4 days in observance of her religious beliefs. you note that her breath smells fruity. this is most likely due to a.her intake of religious wafers b.her intake of dilute fruit juices c.her bodys shift to a state of ketosis d.her bodys switch to a lipogenic state
Q:
which of the following is used to supply some of the fuel needed by the brain only after the body has been fasting for a while? a.ketones b.glycerol c.fatty acids d.amino acids
Q:
a person said to have acetone breath most likely has the condition known as a.ketonemia b.feasting syndrome c.acetyl coa toxicity d.carbohydrate overload
Q:
the effects on metabolism from starvation are similar to those from a.fasting b.feasting c.lipogenesis d.cori cycling
Q:
a feature of ketosis is that it a.occurs from lack of protein in the diet b.occurs when fats are partially oxidized c.results from excess acetoacetate in the diet d.results from excess carbohydrate in the diet
Q:
how soon would death occur from starvation if the body was unable to shift to a state of ketosis? a.within 3 weeks b.less than 2 weeks c.between 5 and 6 weeks d.between 2 and 3 months
Q:
which of the following dietary nutrients would most rapidly reverse a state of ketosis in a starving person? a.fat b.protein c.amino acids d.carbohydrate
Q:
during the first few days of a fast, what energy source provides about 90% of the glucose needed to fuel the body? a.protein b.ketones c.glycogen d.triglycerides
Q:
if a normal person expends 1200 kcalories while at rest, approximately how many are used by the brain? a.40 b.100 c.200 d.300
Q:
of the total amount of carbohydrate energy consumed by the body, approximately what percentage is used by the brain and nerve cells? a.10 b.30 c.50 d.90
Q:
after the first day or so of fasting, which of the following is most depleted in the body? a.glycogen b.fatty acids c.amino acids d.triglycerides
Q:
which of the following is a feature of the metabolism of surplus dietary fat? a.excess fat is almost all stored b.excess fat promotes increased fat oxidation c.excess fat spares breakdown of body proteins d.conversion of excess fat to storage fat is inefficient
Q:
all of the following are features of the metabolism of surplus dietary carbohydrate in human beings except a.excess glucose suppresses fat oxidation b.excess glucose is oxidized only very slowly c.excess glucose is first used to fill glycogen reserves d.conversion of excess glucose to fat occurs only to a very limited extent
Q:
which of the following is the bodys first response to the absorption of abundant amounts of carbohydrate? a.catabolism of body fat b.catabolism of glycogen c.synthesis and storage of glycogen d.synthesis and storage of triglycerides
Q:
how does excess carbohydrate intake contribute to obesity? a.it is efficiently converted to storage fat b.it spares oxidation of body fat and dietary fat c.it stimulates glucagon release, resulting in inhibition of fatty acid oxidation d.it stimulates pancreatic lipase secretion, which results in higher dietary fat absorption
Q:
jake is getting ready for spring training and is sitting down to a dinner of half a chicken, a rib-eye steak, black beans, and 5 slices of bacon. he has been eating typical dinners like this for about a month and has since gained 7 pounds, while exercising only briefly. when jake asks why he doesnt see an increase in his biceps or abs, the proper response should be a.dietary protein alone does not contribute to muscle accretion b.it takes at least 6 months to document changes in muscle accretion c.the weight he has gained can be attributed to a substantial increase in his protein stores d.because muscle accretion only responds to very lean meat choices, he should eliminate the fatty bacon and steak from his diet to promote muscle gain
Q:
which of the following is a characteristic of the metabolism of specific macronutrients? a.the rate of fat oxidation does not change when fat is eaten in excess b.the rate of protein oxidation does not change when protein is eaten in excess c.the rate of glucose oxidation does not change when carbohydrate is eaten in excess d.the conversion of dietary glucose to fat is the major pathway of carbohydrate utilization
Q:
if a person consumes 100 kcalories in excess of energy needs from olive oil, approximately what percentage of the kcalories are stored in the body? a.25 b.45 c.65 d.95
Q:
if a person consumes 100 kcalories in excess of energy needs from table sugar, approximately how many of the kcalories are stored in the body? a.25 b.50 c.75 d.100
Q:
which of the following is the most likely explanation for the bodys higher metabolic efficiency of converting a molecule of corn oil into stored fat compared with a molecule of sucrose? a.the enzymes specific for metabolizing absorbed fat have been found to have higher activities than those metabolizing sucrose b.the absorbed corn oil is transported to fat cells at a faster rate than the absorbed sucrose, thereby favoring the uptake of corn oil fat c.there are fewer metabolic reactions for disassembling the corn oil and re-assembling the parts into a triglyceride for uptake by the fat cells d.because corn oil has a greater energy content than sucrose, conversion of these nutrients into stored fat requires a smaller percentage of the energy from the corn oil
Q:
which of the following can be synthesized from all three energy-yielding nutrients? a.lactate b.glycogen c.acetyl coa d.oxaloacetate
Q:
approximately how many atp molecules are synthesized from the complete oxidation of a molecule of palmitic acid? a.9 b.27 c.98 d.129
Q:
approximately how many molecules of atp are generated from the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose? a.4 b.9 c.32 d.130
Q:
the number of atp molecules that can be produced from a molecule of protein, fat, or carbohydrate is generally related to the number of atoms of a.carbon b.oxygen c.nitrogen d.hydrogen
Q:
which of the following accounts for the higher energy density of a fatty acid compared with the other energy-yielding nutrients? a.fatty acids have a lower percentage of hydrogen-carbon bonds b.fatty acids have a greater percentage of hydrogen-carbon bonds c.other energy-yielding nutrients have a lower percentage of oxygen-carbon bonds d.other energy-yielding nutrients undergo fewer metabolic reactions, thereby lowering the energy yield
Q:
which of the following is a feature of the electron transport chain? a.it captures energy in the high-energy bonds of atp b.it pumps carbon dioxide across the mitochondrial membrane c.it is composed of a series of coenzymes that transfer electrons up a concentration gradient d.it combines oxygen from carbon dioxide with hydrogen generated from the splitting of water
Q:
which of the following is not a product from the electron transport chain pathway? a.co2 b.urea c.water d.energy
Q:
at what point is oxygen used in the electron transport chain? a.at the end b.at every step c.at the beginning d.when atp is synthesized
Q:
which of the following products is not generated via the tca cycle or electron transport chain? a.water b.energy c.ammonia d.carbon dioxide