Philosophy

Q: Nonvoluntary euthanasia means causing death in violation of the patient's consent. a. True b. False

Q: Removing a person from a respirator after he has been declared dead according to whole brain death criteria is a case of passive euthanasia. a. True b. False

Q: According to a broad definition of euthanasia, only so-called active euthanasia or mercy killing should be called euthanasia. a. True b. False

Q: If a person asks to be disconnected from certain life support equipment, and this is done, this would be a case of voluntary active euthanasia. a. True b. False

Q: Administering a lethal dose to a person who requests it is termed voluntary active euthanasia. a. True b. False

Q: Who argues that it is because women spend too much of their lives mothering that women develop a morality consistent with this experience? a. Noddings b. Ruddick c. Whitbeck d. Gilligan

Q: Who thought that women were inferior to men morally? a. Gilligan b. Noddings c. Greeno and Maccoby d. Freud Indicate one or more answer choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.

Q: For Baier the tradition of rights has only worked against women and not for women. a. True b. False

Q: For Baier the best moral theory must not be a cooperative product of women and men but must primarily focus on an ethics of care. a. True b. False

Q: The two parties to the relation of caring for Noddings are the one-caring and the cared-for. a. True b. False

Q: The third wave of feminism addresses the problem of diversity in dealing with womens issues. a. True b. False

Q: Carol Gilligans research supports the research and findings of Lawrence Kohlberg. a. True b. False

Q: Ethics of care argues that there is a female moral perspective that contrasts sharply with the male moral perspective. a. True b. False

Q: According to ethics of care, the female moral perspective takes a more universal and impartial standpoint in reasoning about what is morally good and bad. a. True b. False

Q: One reason why male and female morality may differ from each other is biological differences between males and females. a. True b. False

Q: Some questions have been raised about the ethics of care including the idea that not all mothers are caring and nurturing. a. True b. False

Q: Ethics of care does not tell us how we are to determine what will help or harm particular individuals. a. True b. False

Q: Psychologist Carol Gilligan interviewed both male and female subjects and found there was no difference in their moral reasoning. a. True b. False Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Q: According to Noddings the language of ethics has primarily been the language of the a. Mother. b. Father. c. Caregiver. d. Children.

Q: The fourth feature of the Gilligan challenge to liberal orthodoxy according to Baier is a challenge to its typical rationalism. a. True b. False

Q: Traditional moral philosophy has been favorable to women as evidenced by the views of Rousseau and Aristotle. a. True b. False

Q: According to Aristotle the good is a. The end to which all things aim. b. The best option available. c. That which gives the best consequence. d. That which makes one happy.

Q: According to Philippa Foot a virtue is a perfection of a. Mind. b. Action. c. Reasoning. d. Will.

Q: Which virtue does Philippa Foot identify as benefiting community rather than self? a. Temperance b. Charity c. Wisdom d. Courage Indicate one or more answer choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.

Q: Confucius' ethics is presented in a text known as a. the Nicomachean Ethics b. Summa Theologica c. the "noble eightfold path" d. the Analects

Q: Which of the following is among the intellectual virtues included in Buddhism's "noble eightfold path?" a. mindfulness b. practical wisdom c. right speech d. faith

Q: Which of the following pairs are the two main virtues emphasized in Confucian ethics? a. Courage and loyalty b. Compassion and propriety c. Wisdom and wit d. Prudence and temperance

Q: Which of the following is NOT among Aquinas' three "theological virtues?" a. faith b. chastity c. hope d. love

Q: Which of the following is NOT among the five basic moral virtues emphasized in Hinduism? a. nonviolence b. chastity c. justice d. freedom from greed

Q: Your text cites several cross-cultural examples of virtue ethics. Compare and contrast at least two different cultural examples of virtue ethics, indicating specific virtues that each emphasizes. Describe the common thread that links these different traditions together as traditions of virtue ethics.

Q: Explain the relationship, in Aristotle's ethics, between human virtues and human nature.

Q: Using an example of a specific virtue, explain Aristotle's notion of the Golden Mean. What is Kant's criticism of this notion?

Q: Today feminist ethics is distinguished from an ethics of care that is sometimes called feminine ethics. a. True b. False

Q: Which of the following was NOT mentioned in your text as an example of the kinds of questions virtue ethics focuses on? a. How to treat ones co-workers. b. How honest one should be. c. How to pick a side in the debate of a major social issue. d. What is fair in a particular situation.

Q: Virtue Ethics helps us determine a. Whether an action is moral. b. Whether a form of ethical reasoning is virtuous. c. How to calculate between consequential and nonconsequential reasoning. d. How we ought to be.

Q: According to the text, in the USA to say we value courage, patriotism, and loyalty would suggest we are a. A society willing to stand for what we believe. b. A warlike society. c. A just society. d. A prosperous society.

Q: Pride is the virtue between _____________ and _____________. a. Humility and vanity. b. Humility and arrogance. c. Vanity and meekness. d. Meekness and arrogance.

Q: According to Thomas Aquinas (in your reading from the text), "Good has the nature of _____________, while evil has a contrary nature." a. an end b. a means c. scientific truth d. indeterminacy

Q: Which of the following is another word for telos. a. nature b. essence c. goal d. human

Q: The opposite of virtue is weakness. a. True b. False

Q: Virtue ethics emphasizes how we should determine what is the right thing to do. a. True b. False

Q: In virtue ethics, the primary goal is to be a good person. a. True b. False

Q: The virtue of courage should enable one to face danger. a. True b. False

Q: According to Aristotle, virtues allow a person to fulfill essential human purposes. a. True b. False

Q: In Aristotle's theory, each virtue corresponds to exactly one opposing vice. a. True b. False

Q: Virtues are positive traits of character. a. True b. False

Q: For Aristotle, eudaimonia is a kind of happiness. a. True b. False

Q: Eudaimonia is identical to pleasure. a. True b. False

Q: According to MacIntyre, virtues depend on the practices of a culture. a. True b. False Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Q: Civil law is prescriptive and as such tells us how we ought to behave. a. True b. False

Q: Aristotle was the first philosopher to develop a complex ethical philosophy related to the ideas of natural law theory. a. True b. False Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Q: Which of the following philosophers does NOT agree that there is such a thing as human nature? a. St. Augustine. b. Locke. c. Sartre. d. Aristotle.

Q: The Declaration of Independence draws on the theory of a. Plato. b. Locke. c. Aristotle. d. Hobbes. Indicate one or more answer choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.

Q: The natural state of human liberty is a state of license according to Locke. a. True b. False

Q: The idea that we know what the basic moral law requires by looking to human nature is a tenet of natural law theory. a. True b. False

Q: Existentialists like Sartre believe that essence precedes existence. a. True b. False

Q: For Locke every person has a distinct right to punish those who transgress the natural law. a. True b. False

Q: Locke argued all humans should be treated equally because we all have the same basic nature. a. True b. False

Q: One problem for natural rights theory is that not everyone agrees on what human nature requires. a. True b. False

Q: The idea that the basic moral law can be known by human reason is a fundamental tenet of natural law theory. a. True b. False

Q: Laws of nature always refer to a natural law theory of ethics. a. True b. False

Q: According to Thomas Aquinas, reason naturally inclines human beings to be good. a. True b. False

Q: According to natural rights theory, moral requirements cannot be grounded in human nature. a. True b. False

Q: Evolutionary theory may present a challenge to natural law theory. a. True b. False

Q: According to Cicero, which of the following is true? a. The natural law is relative to culture. b. Natural law is an evolving phenomenon. c. The natural law is timeless. d. There is no such thing as a natural law.

Q: Is it possible to be both an egoist and, at the same time, accept the natural law view of ethics? Explain.

Q: Is it possible to be both a relativist and, at the same time, accept the natural law view of ethics? Explain.

Q: Explain what "teleological" means and how it relates to natural law theory.

Q: For Thomas Aquinas all laws created by humans are derived from natural law. a. True b. False

Q: I should vote for this proposal so that the others will later vote for mine.

Q: If I want to achieve fame and fortune I should work for it.

Q: I ought to tell the truth because the only way I could lie and get away with it is if people generally are honest. I would be expecting others then to behave in ways that I myself would not.

Q: Whether or not you want to tell her the truth, you ought to do so.

Q: Using Kant's first form of the categorical imperative, explain why Kant believes that lying is always wrong.

Q: What is the difference between a categorical imperative and a hypothetical imperative? Why does Kant believe that moral obligations should be described as categorical, rather than hypothetical?

Q: Using Kant's second form of the categorical imperative, explain why it should be wrong to steal bread in order to feed a starving child.

Q: The key moral principle for the Stoics was to a. seek just, love mercy, and to walk humbly with God. b. create the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number. c. "know thyself." d. "follow nature."

Q: According to your text, which of the following is NOT a view that Aquinas and Aristotle shared in common? a. That the moral good consists in innate tendencies of our nature. b. That human nature is radically evil. c. That humans are biological beings. d. That humans are sentient animals.

Q: How does the idea of natural law contribute to the idea of natural rights? a. Natural law supposedly tells us what allows human beings to flourish. b. The idea of a natural law makes people happy. c. There is no connection between natural law and natural rights. d. The right to life is natural.

Q: Hypothetical imperatives are a. Complicated philosophical constructs seeking to arrive at moral goal. b. Like suggesting we should use what works to arrive at a goal. c. Actions that, in theory, should always be taken given certain circumstances d. Actions all people should take to arrive at the same goal.

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