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Physic
Q:
Which is the lightest particle?
A) proton
B) electron
C) neutron
D) all about the same
Q:
Which of the following are electrically neutral?
A) protons
B) neutrons
C) electrons
D) ions
E) none of the above
Q:
Atoms heavier than helium were at one time manufactured by
A) photosynthesis.
B) thermonuclear fusion.
C) radiant energy conversion.
D) radioactivity.
E) none of the above
Q:
The element gold contains
A) gold atoms.
B) atoms that combine to produce gold.
C) gold atoms plus various slightly lighter and heavier atoms.
D) none of the above
Q:
An atomic model of the atom is
A) a symbolic representation of the atom.
B) a stepping stone to further understanding.
C) an abstraction enabling predictions.
D) all of the above
Q:
Atoms can be photographed by
A) electron beams.
B) scanning electron microscopes.
C) both of these
D) neither of these
Q:
If we doubled the magnifying power of the most powerful optical microscope in the world, we would
A) be able to see individual atoms.
B) be able to photograph individual atoms, even though we couldn't see them.
C) still not be able to see or photograph an atom.
Q:
The difficulty of taking a photograph of an atom with light is
A) unwanted diffraction.
B) that atoms are smaller than wavelengths of light.
C) both of these
D) neither of these
Q:
Which of the following statements is true?
A) an atom is the smallest particle known to exist
B) there are only about 100 different kinds of atoms that combine to form all substances
C) there are thousands of different kinds of atoms that account for a wide variety of substances
D) a large atom can be photographed with the aid of an ordinary microscope
E) none of the above
Q:
Assuming all the atoms exhaled by Julius Caesar in his last dying breath are still in the atmosphere, we breathe in at least one of them each
A) single breath.
B) day.
C) month.
D) ten years.
E) can't say for some people breathe a few of Caesar's atoms daily, while others never.
Q:
The chance that at least one of the atoms exhaled in your previous breath will be inhaled in your next breath is
A) very low.
B) very high.
C) zero.
Q:
There are about as many atoms of air in our lungs at any moment as there are breaths of air in the atmosphere of
A) a large auditorium.
B) a large city.
C) the United States.
D) the whole world.
E) none of the above
Q:
A granite block is mostly empty space because the atoms in the granite are
A) in perpetual motion.
B) mostly empty space themselves.
C) held together by electrical forces.
D) not as close together as they could be.
E) invisible.
Q:
Compared to the atoms that make up the body of an elderly person, the atoms that make up the body of a newborn baby are
A) newer.
B) actually older.
C) the same age.
Q:
Nuclei of atoms that make up a newborn baby were manufactured in
A) the mother's womb.
B) the food the mother eats before delivery.
C) ancient stars.
D) the Earth.
E) none of the above
Q:
What did Robert Brown see in his microscope?
A) straight-line motion
B) circular motions
C) parabolic motions
D) random motions
Q:
Brownian motion is caused by
A) thermal agitation.
B) perpetual motion.
C) particles larger than atoms bumping into them.
D) interactions between atoms and molecules.
E) almost invisible bugs.
Q:
Which of these investigators did NOT contribute to our knowledge of atoms?
A) Aristotle
B) John Dalton
C) Robert Brown
D) Albert Einstein
Q:
Planets would crash into the Sun if it weren't for
A) their tangential velocities.
B) their vast distances from the Sun.
C) the inverse-square law.
D) their relatively small masses.
E) the fact that they are beyond the main gravitation of the Sun.
Q:
The Moon does not crash into Earth because
A) Earth's gravitational field is relatively weak at the Moon.
B) gravitational pull of other planets keeps the Moon up.
C) Moon has a sufficient tangential speed.
D) Moon has less mass than Earth.
E) none of the above
Q:
The radial velocity of an Earth satellite is its velocity
A) parallel to the surface of Earth.
B) perpendicular to the surface of Earth.
C) attributed to satellites moving in any direction.
D) none of the above
Q:
The tangential velocity of an Earth satellite is its velocity
A) parallel to the surface of Earth.
B) perpendicular to the surface of Earth.
C) attributed to satellites moving in any direction.
Q:
An Earth satellite is simply a projectile
A) freely falling around Earth.
B) floating motionless in space near Earth.
C) approaching Earth from outer space.
Q:
While an airplane flies at 40 m/s at an altitude of 500 meters, the pilot drops a heavy package that falls to the ground. Neglecting air drag, about where does the package land relative to the plane flying above?
A) directly beneath the plane
B) 400 m behind the plane
C) 500 m behind the plane
D) more than 500 m behind the plane
E) none of the above
Q:
A bullet is fired horizontally with an initial velocity of 300 m/s from a 20-m high tower. If air resistance is negligible, the bullet hits downrange about
A) 200 m.
B) 300 m.
C) 400 m.
D) 500 m.
E) 600 m.
Q:
A ball player wishes to determine pitching speed by throwing a ball horizontally from an elevation 5 m above ground level. The ball lands 20 m downrange. The player's pitching speed is about
A) 5 m/s.
B) 10 m/s.
C) 20 m/s.
D) 25 m/s.
E) none of the above
Q:
An object is thrown vertically into the air. In this case air resistance affects motion. Compared with its time for ascent, the time for its descent is
A) shorter.
B) the same.
C) longer.
D) need more information
Q:
Two projectiles are fired from ground level at equal speeds but different angles. One is fired at an angle of 30 and the other at 60. Neglecting air resistance, the projectile to hit the ground first will be the one fired at
A) 30.
B) 60.
C) both hit at the same time
Q:
A gun with a muzzle velocity of 100 m/s is fired horizontally from a tower. Neglecting air resistance, how far downrange will the bullet be 1 second later?
A) 50 m
B) 98 m
C) 100 m
D) 490 m
E) none of the above
Q:
Hang time is the time your feet are off the ground in a jump. If you jump upward inside a moving vehicle, your hang time will be
A) slightly more.
B) the same.
C) slightly less.
Q:
The paths of fragments of fireworks are
A) normally straight lines.
B) parabolas.
C) different from the paths of projectiles.
Q:
A bullet fired horizontally from a rifle begins to fall
A) as soon as it leaves the barrel.
B) after air friction reduces its speed.
C) neither of these
Q:
It there were no gravity a stone thrown upward at 45 degrees would follow a straight-line path. But because of gravity, at the end of 1 second, the stone is actually
A) 5 m below the straight line.
B) 10 m below the straight line.
C) 15 m below the straight line.
Q:
If you throw a stone horizontally from the top of a cliff, one second after leaving your hand its vertical distance below the top of the cliff is
A) 5 m.
B) 10 m.
C) 15 m.
Q:
Ideally, a ball is thrown up at an angle and lands downrange. Because of air resistance, the distance reached is
A) less.
B) the same.
C) greater.
D) need more information
Q:
When air drag affects the motion of projectiles, they don't travel
A) as high.
B) as far.
C) both of these
D) neither of these
Q:
A projectile is launched vertically upward at 50 m/s. If air resistance does affect motion, then its speed upon returning to its starting point is
A) less than 50 m/s.
B) 50 m/s.
C) more than 50 m/s.
Q:
A projectile is launched vertically upward at 50 m/s. If air resistance is negligible, its speed upon returning to its starting point is
A) less than 50 m/s.
B) 50 m/s.
C) more than 50 m/s.
Q:
An object is dropped and freely falls to the ground with acceleration g. If it is thrown upward at an angle instead, neglecting air drag, the acceleration along its path will be
A) less than g.
B) the same.
C) more than g.
Q:
After a rock thrown straight up reaches the top of its path and then falls a short distance, its acceleration is (neglect air resistance)
A) greater than at the top of its path.
B) less than at the top of its path.
C) the same as at the top of its path.
Q:
A ball is tossed upward. Neglecting air drag, the acceleration along its path is
A) 0 g.
B) g downward.
C) g upward.
D) g upward, then g downward.
E) none of the above
Q:
A projectile is fired into the air at an angle of 50 above ground level and hits a target downrange. It will also hit the target if fired at an angle of
A) 40.
B) 45.
C) 55.
D) 60.
E) none of the above
Q:
A projectile is launched from ground level at 15o above the horizontal and lands downrange. What other projection angle for the same speed would produce the same down-range distance?
A) 30
B) 45
C) 50
D) 75
E) 90
Q:
A bullet fired horizontally over level ground hits the ground in 0.5 second. If it had been fired with twice the speed it would have hit the ground in
A) less than 0.5 s.
B) 0.5 s.
C) more than 0.5 s.
Q:
A hunter on level ground fires a bullet at an angle of 10 degrees below the horizontal while simultaneously dropping another bullet from the level of the rifle. Which bullet will hit the ground first?
A) the one dropped
B) the one fired
C) both hit at the same time.
Q:
A hunter on level ground fires a bullet at an angle of 10 degrees above the horizontal while simultaneously dropping another bullet from the level of the rifle. Which bullet will hit the ground first?
A) the one dropped
B) the one fired
C) both hit at the same time.
Q:
Dr. Chuck projects a ball horizontally from a lab bench. If the projection speed of the ball were greater, the time in the air would be
A) less.
B) the same.
C) greater.
Q:
Dr. Chuck projects a ball horizontally from a lab bench. The ball lands on a bullseye marked on the floor a horizontal distance equal to the ball's initial speed
A) multiplied by its time in the air.
B) coupled with its speed of fall.
C) squared plus its downward speed squared when hitting the floor.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Q:
Dr. Chuck projects a ball horizontally from a lab bench. The ball lands on a bullseye marked on the floor a horizontal distance away. Compared to the time for the ball to simply drop vertically from the bench, the time in the air for Dr. Chuck's projected ball is
A) less.
B) the same.
C) greater.
Q:
While a rock thrown upward at 50 degrees to the horizontal rises, neglecting air drag, its horizontal component of velocity
A) increases.
B) remains unchanged.
C) decreases.
Q:
While a rock thrown upward at 50 degrees to the horizontal rises, neglecting air drag, its vertical component of velocity
A) increases.
B) remains unchanged.
C) decreases.
Q:
A ball is thrown upward and caught when it returns. Compared with its initial speed and in the presence of air resistance, the speed with which it is caught is
A) more.
B) less.
C) the same.
D) need more information.
Q:
A ball rolls off the edge of a table at the same time another ball drops vertically from the same table. The ball to hit the floor first is the
A) rolling ball.
B) dropped ball.
C) both hit at the same time
Q:
As soon as a ball rolls off the edge of a table
A) it is not acted on by any forces.
B) it is not acted on by any horizontal forces.
C) has a zero net force acting on it.
D) none of the above
Q:
As soon as a bowling ball rolls off the edge of a table its horizontal component of velocity
A) decreases.
B) remains constant.
C) increases.
Q:
Nellie tosses a ball upward at an angle. Assuming no air resistance, which component of velocity changes with time?
A) the horizontal component
B) the vertical component
C) both of these
D) neither of these
Q:
A dropped ball gains speed because
A) its velocity changes.
B) a gravitational force acts on it.
C) of inertia.
D) its nature is to become closer to Earth.
Q:
A ball rolled along a horizontal surface maintains a constant speed because
A) its velocity remains constant.
B) no horizontal force acts on it.
C) of inertia.
Q:
A planet orbiting the Sun has speed v = (GM/d). Escape speed from the Sun is v = v(2GM/d), where G is the gravitational constant, M is Sun's mass, and d is the distance from the Sun. Noting that this tells us that escape speed is 2 times orbital speed, which planet would fly out of the solar system by a 1.5 increase in orbital speed?A) Mercury.B) Venus.C) Earth.D) all of the aboveE) none of the above
Q:
The speed of a satellite orbiting Earth is given by v = √(GM/d). Escape speed from Earth is given by v = √(2GM/d), where in both cases G is the gravitational constant, M is Earth's mass, and d is distance from Earth's center. If a satellite's kinetic energy were doubled it could
A) orbit at twice its distance from Earth.
B) orbit at four times the distance from Earth.
C) escape Earth.
Q:
Which would require the greater energy; slowing the orbital speed of a satellite so it crashes into Earth, or increasing the orbital speed so it escapes Earth?
A) slowing down
B) speeding up
C) same each way
Q:
Which would require the greater change in a satellite's orbital speed (8 km/s); slowing down so it crashes into Earth, or speeding up so it escapes Earth?
A) slowing down
B) speeding up
C) same each way
D) need more information
Q:
Pioneer 10 was able to escape the solar system by
A) having a sufficient escape velocity at launch.
B) "bouncing off" Jupiter like a tennis ball bouncing off an approaching tennis racket.
C) refueling via solar cells.
D) nuclear-powered sustained thrust.
Q:
Consider a monkey wrench released at rest at the far edge of the solar system. Suppose that it drops to Earth by virtue of only Earth gravity. It will strike Earth's surface with a speed of about
A) 10 m/s.
B) 8 km/s.
C) 11.2 km/s.
D) the speed of light.
Q:
To drop a package to Earth from a satellite, project it
A) straight downward.
B) ahead at satellite speed.
C) behind at satellite speed.
D) none of the above
Q:
A vertically oriented rocket that is able to sustain a continuous upward velocity of 8 km/s will
A) escape from Earth.
B) be unable to escape Earth.
C) eventually maintain a fixed orbit around Earth.
Q:
A projectile that is fired vertically from the surface of Earth at 8 km/s will
A) go into circular orbit about Earth.
B) rise and fall back to Earth's surface.
C) follow an uncertain path.
D) escape from Earth.
Q:
A projectile that is fired vertically from the surface of Earth at 5 km/s will
A) go into circular about Earth.
B) go into an elliptical orbit about Earth.
C) rise and fall back to Earth's surface.
D) none of the above
Q:
Escape speed from Mars is
A) about the same as from Earth.
B) greater than from Earth.
C) less than from Earth.
Q:
Escape speed from the Moon is
A) about the same as from Earth.
B) much greater than from Earth.
C) much less than from Earth.
Q:
Escape speed from the Sun is
A) about the same as from Earth.
B) very much greater than for Earth.
C) indefinite.
Q:
Escape speed from Earth is
A) 8 km/s.
B) 9 km/s.
C) 11.2 km/s.
D) 63 km/s.
Q:
A rocket coasts in an elliptical orbit about Earth. To attain escape velocity using the least amount of fuel in a brief firing time, should it fire off at the apogee, or at the perigee? (Hint: Let Fd = KE guide your thinking.)A) perigee, where it is closest and fastestB) apogee, where it is farthest and slowestC) same at either locationD) same at any location
Q:
Angular momentum is greater for a satellite when it is at the
A) apogee (farthest point).
B) perigee (nearest point).
C) same at apogee and perigee
Q:
Angular momentum is conserved for a satellite in
A) circular orbit.
B) elliptical orbit.
C) both of these
D) neither of these
Q:
Rockets that launch satellites into orbit need less thrust when fired from
A) Cape Canaveral in Florida.
B) Edwards Air Force Base in California.
C) Hawaii.
D) location does not affect the required rocket thrust.
Q:
The kinetic energy of a planet is maximum when it is
A) closest to the Sun.
B) farthest from the Sun.
C) least accelerating.
D) none of the above
Q:
When the potential energy of a satellite decreases
A) kinetic energy also decreases.
B) its kinetic energy correspondingly increases.
C) its distance from the orbiting body increases.
D) none of the above
Q:
The conservation of energy applies to satellites in
A) circular orbit.
B) elliptical orbit.
C) both of these
D) neither of these
Q:
A satellite coasting at constant speed in a circular orbit
A) is beyond the pull of Earth's gravity
B) is nevertheless accelerating.
C) undergoes changes in its potential energy.
D) none of the above