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Q:
Mendel's plant hybridization experiments demonstrated that:
a. traits inherited from each parent blended together in the offspring.
b. DNA was the molecule carrying the genetic code.
c. peas were a poor choice for understanding basic hereditary principles.
d. traits inherited from each parent remained distinct in the offspring.
Q:
Without the work of x-ray crystallographer _________, DNA might not have been discovered for some time longer.
a. James Watson
b. Francis Crick
c. Thomas Malthus
d. Rosalind Franklin
Q:
The forces of evolution include:
a. gene flow, mutations, chromosomes, and genes.
b. mutations, genes, and genetic drift.
c. natural selection, gene flow, genetic drift, and mutations.
d. natural selection, genes, alleles, and chromosomes.
Q:
A source of new genetic material to a population is:
a. natural selection.
b. mutation.
c. gene flow.
d. gene drift.
Q:
Evolutionary synthesis is:
a. the concept of evolution and natural selection.
b. the melding of natural selection and Mendelian inheritance.
c. a combination of the inheritance of acquired characteristics and natural selection.
d. the theory of evolution and Linnaean taxonomy.
Q:
The advantageous "attributes" to which Darwin refers are now known as:
a. traits.
b. genes.
c. alleles.
d. chromosomes.
Q:
Cuvier, Lamarck, and Erasmus Darwin all shared an idea of evolution; however, they all lacked:
a. the longevity necessary for evolution to take place.
b. a basic understanding of inheritance.
c. an understanding of variation.
d. a mechanism for evolution.
Q:
The English scientist who independently codiscovered the theory of natural selection was:
a. Charles Lyell.
b. Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck.
c. Alfred Russell Wallace.
d. Carolus Linnaeus.
Q:
How did Lamarck contribute to the theory of evolution?
a. He discovered genetic mutation through experiments with pea plants.
b. He proposed the concept of natural selection after his voyage to the Galapagos Islands and his study of finches.
c. He did not but instead proposed an erroneous evolutionary mechanism known today as inheritance of acquired characteristics.
d. He did not but instead proposed a concept known today as gene flow.
Q:
How was Darwin influenced by Thomas Malthus's work on population growth?
a. Darwin was interested in Malthus's examination of population changes in pea plants.
b. Darwin was influenced by Malthus's work on demography and population responses to food availability.
c. Darwin liked the concept of Latin taxonomic classification as it pertained to human groups.
d. Darwin was greatly influenced by research on acquired characteristics.
Q:
The English demographer whose work on population growth greatly influenced Darwin's thinking on population adaptation was:
a. Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck.
b. Georges Cuvier.
c. Thomas Malthus.
d. Charles Lyell.
Q:
According to Darwin, natural selection operates at the level of:
a. individuals.
b. genes.
c. populations.
d. species.
Q:
Darwin drew on information from five scientific disciplines:
a. geology, physical anthropology, taxonomy and systematics, demography, and evolutionary biology.
b. geology, paleontology, taxonomy and systematics, geography, and evolutionary biology.
c. geology, paleontology, taxonomy and systematics, demography, and biology.
d. geology, paleontology, taxonomy and systematics, demography, and evolutionary biology.
Q:
James Hutton is associated with:
a. adaptation.
b. catastrophism.
c. uniformitarianism.
d. principles of heredity.
Q:
Darwinian evolution proposes that:
a. species adapt and change over time based on the environment.
b. an individual can change within its own lifetime.
c. species adapt based on individual goals.
d. individuals determine their own biological adaptation.
Q:
Thomas Malthus's contribution to natural selection is:
a. the binomial taxonomic system of naming species.
b. the theory that the Earth's old age is based on geologic evidence resulting from cataclysmic events.
c. the theory that events like warfare, disease, and famine are necessary to control population size and thereby reduce the risk of depleting resources.
d. the theory that environmental resources are subject to population pressures.
Q:
The relevance of the theory of uniformitarianism is that:
a. it supports the theory of catastrophism.
b. it proves that changes to the Earth were caused by cataclysmic events like earthquakes and floods.
c. it proves that the Earth has a long history and supports the theory of natural selection.
d. it demonstrates that the Earth is 4.4 billion years old, based on geologic evidence from stratigraphic layers.
Q:
Why is the work of Alfred Russell Wallace considered when discussing the theory of evolution?
a. He was an English naturalist who had arrived at many of the same conclusions as Darwin through his own research in the Amazon.
b. His work is not considered, as he was mistakenly credited with the theory of natural selection.
c. He was a British dog breeder who worked on artificial selection experiments in the same way Mendel worked on sweet peas to determine inheritance.
d. He was well known and gathered even more evidence to support evolution than Darwin, though from the Amazon rather than the Galapagos.
Q:
Uniformitarianism is the theory that:
a. the earth is very old, based on geologic evidence from stratigraphic layers in Scotland.
b. the natural processes operating today are the same as the natural processes that operated in the past.
c. the uniformity of species is derived from the common ancestor of all species.
d. processes such as earthquakes are evidence supporting catastrophism as proposed by Lamarck.
Q:
Charles Darwin's book On the Origin of Species (1859) was considered an important contribution to modern science because:
a. it coined the concept of evolution.
b. it synthesized information from diverse scientific fields in order to document evolutionary change.
c. it was immediately and widely accepted by the scientific community as the mechanism for evolutionary change.
d. it proposed the use of the scientific method for the first time.
Q:
Adaptive radiation occurs when:
a. one species produces multiple closely related species.
b. several species adapt to one environment.
c. species radiate to different environments and adapt to the varying environments.
d. an individual adapts to varying environments.
Q:
Discuss the six key attributes that make humans unique relative to other species.
Q:
Discuss the value of the scientific method in our society.
Q:
Provide an imaginary example of the proper use of the scientific method.
Q:
Discuss the steps of the scientific method.
Q:
Discuss the difference between a hypothesis and a theory. Why is the distinction important?
Q:
The biological profile of an individual includes their:
a. age, sex, height, and biological ancestry.
b. sex, weight, personal history, and age.
c. biological ancestry, sex, and skin color.
d. skin, hair, and eye color.
Q:
Forensic anthropologists who were called in to help with the 9/11 tragedy had to have a very good understanding of:
a. primate dentition.
b. human hair identification.
c. CSI training.
d. human osteology.
Q:
Boas laid the foundation for scientific anthropology by:
a. relying on the scientific method.
b. evaluating cultures from a personal perspective.
c. using genetics to develop theories on human variation.
d. demonstrating the variation in humans as a result of moral differences.
Q:
Boas proposed that anthropologists could learn about though careful observation and attention.
a. race, morality, and primitive religions
b. primitive humans and their societies
c. morality, human variation, and cultures
d. cultures, societies, and peoples' biology
Q:
Human production of stone or lithic tools is an example of:
a. linguistic comprehension.
b. subsistence strategies.
c. material culture.
d. ideology.
Q:
To increase humans' chances of hunting success:
a. hunting was led by females.
b. hunting was conducted with lithic tools and cooperative strategies.
c. hunting was always well planned with a diagram.
d. hunting strategies were developed to include children as bait.
Q:
Which is the study of evolution and variation in humans?
a. physical anthropology
b. archaeology
c. linguistic anthropology
d. cultural anthropology
Q:
The four branches of anthropology are:
a. archaeological, geological, geographical, and biological.
b. physical, biological, cultural, and linguistic.
c. cultural, linguistic, geological, and physical.
d. physical, archaeological, cultural, and linguistic.
Q:
Anthropology views humans as both:
a. primates and religious beings.
b. primates, religious, and cultural beings.
c. biological and cultural beings.
d. cultural and religious beings.
Q:
What makes us human?
a. physiology, culture, and planning
b. biology, culture, and religion
c. physiology, behavior, and religion
d. biology, culture, and behavior
Q:
The study of physical anthropology varies in that:
a. some physical anthropologists study potential for life on other planets.
b. some physical anthropologists study the interaction between domestic animals and disease.
c. some physical anthropologists study extinct and living species of primates.
d. some physical anthropologists study changes in marine life.
Q:
The results of a disadvantaged social environment include:
a. poor health, reduced height, and shortened life expectancy.
b. poor speech and excessive eating habits.
c. poor reading comprehension.
d. inability to think critically and develop long-term planning.
Q:
In the context of physical anthropology a disadvantaged social environment includes:
a. one with minimal access to technology.
b. one with no transportation system.
c. one with poor-quality nutrition.
d. one with poor hygiene.
Q:
Environment refers to:
a. The connection between you, the climate, and your geographic placement.
b. Social and cultural factors that have affected you.
c. The cultural identity of your family and friends.
d. Change in your physical location.
Q:
How has the environment influenced human biology?
a. Activities you engage in put stress on your muscles and bones.
b. Humans influence the environment through climate change.
c. Changes in the climate produce changes in the environment resulting in changes in human biology through diet.
d. Humans are not subject to adaptation and therefore are not influenced by environment.
Q:
Physical anthropologists might examine:
a. human brain biology.
b. molecular structure of non-primate diseases.
c. nonprimate growth and development.
d. linguistic evolution.
Q:
Just before the arrival of the Spanish on Saint Catherines Island, people there:
a. were primarily fishermen.
b. were hunter-gatherers.
c. became the first farmers of the region.
d. were vegetarians by choice.
Q:
Forensic anthropologists:
a. focus their work on skeletal analysis of individuals.
b. study skeletal remains from past human populations.
c. study the evolution of human skeletal traits.
d. do not work outside academia.
Q:
Franz Boas:
a. had an early influence on Darwin's theory of natural selection.
b. considered environment and biology insignificant in the study of human cultures.
c. never conducted his own fieldwork, curiously.
d. united the study of culture, language, and biology within American anthropology.
Q:
Physical anthropology as a discipline is NOT concerned with:
a. skeletal pathology.
b. primate behavior.
c. fossilized nonprimate remains.
d. human evolution
Q:
How is a theory different from a hypothesis?
a. A hypothesis explains observations and cannot be refuted by new evidence.
b. A theory is an explanation based upon controversial facts.
c. A theory is an explanation relying on careful examination and has been tested.
d. A theory has been less thoroughly tested than a hypothesis.
Q:
Bipedalism is considered one of the hallmarks of hominid evolution because:
a. it was the first evolutionary development that distinguished humans from other animals.
b. it was possible only after the advent of simple material culture.
c. it followed brain expansion in human evolution.
d. it allowed hominids to come out of the trees and make tools 10 mya.
Q:
How is biocultural anthropology different from cultural anthropology?
a. It combines cultural studies with archaeology.
b. It examines the interaction between biology and culture in shaping human biology.
c. It is strictly a biological science.
d. It considers culture to be a byproduct of our biological histories.
Q:
The hypothesis that the origin of human bipedalism was linked to a shift from life in the trees to life on the ground in the grasslands of Africa:
a. has been upheld by subsequent scientific data on human origins.
b. was developed in consultation with genetic and fossil evidence.
c. has been rejected recently subsequent to new fossil evidence.
d. has become a scientific law.
Q:
A hypothesis:
a. is equivalent to a theory.
b. is an attempt to explain observations and predict future scientific results.
c. is a statement concerning scientific facts.
d. is unable to be refuted by future investigations.
Q:
The scientific method:
a. relies on making hunches about the natural world.
b. involves empirical data collection and hypothesis testing.
c. is used to support preconceived notions or theories.
d. seeks to establish the absolute scientific truth.
Q:
An archaeological field school is announced in your anthropology course. The description says that you will be able to travel to Belize to learn about the lives of the ancient Mayans. What do you expect to learn during this field school?
a. what species of nonhuman primate occupies this region
b. how current populations of immigrants have changed local dialects
c. how to excavate and study material culture
d. how to socially navigate life in a Central American setting
Q:
Archaeology is:
a. the study of human evolution.
b. largely devoted to recovering artifacts and building museum collections.
c. the study of the behavior and material culture of past human societies.
d. the study of the evolution of language.
Q:
Anthropology includes the study of:
a. the use and social context of body language.
b. fossil plants and their closest relatives.
c. prehistoric societies and artifacts.
d. the relationship between humans and the universe.
Q:
What makes it possible for humans to accumulate an amazing amount of information over long periods of time?
a. social learning
b. television
c. social media
d. mimicry
Q:
What are the three key attributes of humanness?
a. eating, sleeping, and watching television
b. hunting, speech, and dependence on domesticated food
c. hunting, scavenging, and tool making
d. building shelter, hunting, and making clothing
Q:
Bipedalism in primates means:
a. walking on two feet.
b. walking on four feet.
c. walking using two legs and a tail.
d. swinging from branch to branch.
Q:
Physical anthropologists study what type of science?
a. astrological
b. biological
c. social
d. both b. and c.
Q:
Primates are:
a. a group of mammals that share traits like forward-facing eyes, fingernails, and large brains.
b. often species with a long snout.
c. diverse species that live in various types of environments.
d. both a. and c.
Q:
Physical anthropologists:
a. travel around the world to investigate human populations.
b. study living populations.
c. study primates like lemurs, monkeys, and apes.
d. all of the above
Q:
The two concepts that best explain physical anthropology are that:
a. your biological makeup defines who you are and your personality comes from your environment.
b. every person is a product of evolutionary history and each of us is the product of our own individual life histories.
c. you are what your genes make you and your environment has no effect.
d. You are what your environment makes you and your genes have no effect.
Q:
Physical anthropologists seek to:
a. study humans from a cultural perspective.
b. study humans from a biological perspective only.
c. study humans from a biological and cultural perspective.
d. study human behavior only.
Q:
What can be learned from studying a population through time?
a. We can learn that lifestyles do not change over time.
b. We can learn that diets, and therefore human biology, change through time.
c. We can learn that consuming the wrong foods over time does little to population health.
d. We can learn that human physiology does not change through time.
Q:
What was the cause for the biological change in the indigenous people of Saint Catherines Island after AD 1000?
a. They became sedentary and had less food to eat because they stayed in the same area.
b. They became sedentary and consumed more corn, which caused dental disease due to its high sugar content.
c. They became sedentary and did not have enough exercise to keep their bodies fit and healthy.
d. They continued as nomads, but loss of animals due to climate change created a decline in their food source.
Q:
Before AD 1000 what did the people of Saint Catherines Island eat?
a. They ate wild animals, fish, and wild plants.
b. They ate bison and salmon.
c. They were vegetarians and ate wild plants exclusively.
d. They were frugivores.
Q:
Describe ways to find information on computer-related degree programs or certifications.
Q:
Describe the rise and fall of the "dot-com bubble."
Q:
List one defining characteristic about each of the four generations of computers.
Q:
A(n) ____________________ tool is software that performs broad-based Web searches.
Q:
A Web ____________________ is an online version of your resume.
Q:
A(n) ____________________ chart depicts the hierarchy of employees.
Q:
Organizations that focus on political, social, or charitable goals are called ____________________ organizations.
Q:
A(n) ____________________ is an organization's goal or plan.
Q:
____________________ technology degree programs focus on how computer equipment and software are used by businesses and organizations.
Q:
A(n) ____________________ exam is an objective test that verifies your knowledge level about a particular technology or subject.
Q:
Computer ____________________ degrees focus on the computer architecture and software.
Q:
High voluntary ____________________ rate indicates that employees are not satisfied with their compensation or working conditions.
Q:
Using technology to work from home or off-site is called ____________________.
Q:
____________________ is the science that focuses on the efficient use of human energy during work.