Q&A Hero

Q: A body of permeable rock through which groundwater moves is called A) an aquifer. B) a water table. C) a porosity level. D) a zone of aeration.

Q: Hard water is due primarily to dissolved salts of which elements? A) Zinc and copper B) Calcium, iron, and magnesium C) Sodium and potassium D) Sodium and chlorine

Q: Most of Earth's fresh water is in A) the atmosphere. B) lakes and rivers. C) glacial ice sheets. D) aquifers.

Q: About what percent of Earth's water is fresh water? A) 8% B) 18% C) 2% D) 15%

Q: The percentage volume of unoccupied space in a material is called its A) traction. B) porosity. C) permeability. D) salinity.

Q: A material's capacity to transmit fluids is called its A) permeability. B) solifluction. C) drift. D) porosity.

Q: The upper boundary of the region in which the soil is saturated with water is known as the A) water table. B) aquifer level. C) zone of aeration. D) Moho discontinuity.

Q: The natural sequence through which water from the oceans evaporates into the atmosphere and ultimately returns to the oceans is known as the A) hydrous cycle. B) aqueous cycle. C) climactic cycle. D) hydrologic cycle.

Q: Which of the following is not a form of downslope movement? A) Creep B) Mudflow C) Overburden D) Slump

Q: The slow, particle-by-particle movement of weathered debris down a slope is called A) an avalanche. B) a landslide. C) slump. D) creep.

Q: The fast, downslope movement of large blocks of weathered materials is known as a A) solifluction. B) slump. C) rock flow. D) landslide.

Q: The general geologic term for the downslope movement of soil and rock under the influence of gravity is A) mass wasting. B) slump. C) creep. D) landslide.

Q: The driest of Earth's regions are known as A) hot spots. B) deserts. C) wastelands. D) scablands.

Q: At the ends and along the sides of a glacier, the sediment deposits may form ridges known as A) deltas. B) levees. C) drifts. D) moraines.

Q: Which of the following statements is not true of glaciers? A) They cause little erosion. B) They are made of ice. C) They form when more snow falls than melts. D) They flow.

Q: Glaciers are being considered as a source of A) scarce metals. B) fresh water. C) salt. D) fertile soil.

Q: What type of glacier is formed when a valley floor is covered with compressed glacial ice? A) Continental glacier B) Stream glacier C) Valley glacier D) Cirque glacier

Q: By which of the following characterisitcs is a desert defined? A) High winds B) High temperature C) Lack of precipitation D) Hot days and cold nights

Q: Small glaciers that form along mountains in hollow depressions are called A) cirque glaciers. B) mountain glaciers. C) caldera glaciers. D) moraines.

Q: A river's suspended load and bed load may accumulate at its mouth and form a(n) A) delta. B) flood plain. C) moraine. D) abyssal plain.

Q: A loop-like bend in a river channel is called a A) rounder. B) cirque. C) wander. D) meander.

Q: The limiting level below which a stream cannot erode the land is called its A) base level. B) ultimate level. C) bed level. D) erosion level.

Q: Which of the following is not a component of a stream's load? A) Mother load B) Dissolved load C) Suspended load D) Bed load

Q: The wearing away of soil and rock and the subsequent downslope movement of the fragments are called A) erosion. B) weathering. C) cross-cutting. D) deposition.

Q: Which of the following is not a main agent of erosion? A) Permafrost B) Ice C) Wind D) Streams

Q: In latitudes where the subsurface layer of soil always remains frozen, the frozen layer is called A) an aquifer. B) the frost table. C) a glacier. D) permafrost.

Q: Which of the following phenomena results from limestone being dissolved by rainwater? A) Caverns B) Delta formation C) Sea arches D) Beaches

Q: The type of rock most susceptible to chemical weathering is A) sandstone. B) basalt. C) shale. D) limestone.

Q: Chemical weathering is most prevalent in what type of climate? A) Moist and cold B) Dry and cold C) Dry and hot D) Moist and hot

Q: An important agent in chemical weathering is A) carbonic acid. B) permafrost. C) wind. D) frost.

Q: The two major types of weathering studied in this chapter are mechanical weathering and ______________ weathering. A) stream B) chemical C) abrasion D) adverse

Q: Which of the following is a common type of mechanical weathering? A) Frost wedging B) Delta formation C) Sinkhole formation D) Moraine disintegration

Q: The physical disintegration and chemical decomposition of rock at or near Earth's surface is called A) the disintegration chain. B) erosion. C) the decomposition cycle. D) weathering.

Q: The process of leveling of the Earth by the wearing away of high places and the transportation of sediment to lower places is known as A) mass wasting. B) the hydrologic cycle. C) degradation. D) gradation.

Q: When material is transported and deposited by ice, the process is called A) glacial drift. B) gradation. C) erosion. D) none of these.

Q: The object above a valley floor that consists of glacial ice is called A) a valley glacier. B) a gulley glacier C) a canyon glacier. D) none of these.

Q: Greenland and Antarctica are covered with glacial ice sheets called A) valley glaciers. B) mountain glaciers. C) continental glaciers. D) none of the above.

Q: At the end and along the sides of a glacier, the sediment deposits may form ridges known as A) moraines. B) cirque. C) hills. D) none of these.

Q: Small glaciers that form along mountains in hollow depressions that are protected from the Sun are called A) cirque glaciers. B) moraines glaciers. C) permanent glaciers. D) none of these.

Q: A large ice mass that flows on a land surface under the influence of gravity is called A) a glacier. B) a land slide. C) an ice river. D) none of these.

Q: The principal landform resulting from a stream's erosive power is its ______________-shaped valley. A) V B) W C) M D) I

Q: A river's suspended and bed loads may accumulate at its mouth and form A) a delta. B) a meander. C) a stream. D) none of the above.

Q: Which of the following terms is(are) used to describe a division of a stream's load? A) Bed load only B) Suspended load only . C) Dissolved load only. D) All of the above

Q: A loop-like bend in a river channel is called A) a meander. B) a stream. C) a detour. D) none of these.

Q: Any flow of water occurring between well-defined banks is defined by geologists as A) a stream. B) a meander. C) a lake. D) none of these.

Q: A depression on the land surface caused by the collapse of a cavern is called A) a sinkhole. B) a shrink pit. C) a culvert. D) none of the above.

Q: The downslope movement of surface materials as a result of gravity and of the agents that causesuch movement is called A) erosion. B) gradation. C) landslides. D) none of these.

Q: The most important climatic factors that affect the rate of chemical weathering are heat and A) moisture. B) wind. C) clouds. D) none of these.

Q: The most important acid involved in chemical weathering is A) carbonic acid. B) sulfuric acid. C) hydrochloric acid. D) none of these.

Q: Subsurface soil that remains permanently frozen is called A) a swamp. B) a bogg. C) permafrost. D) none of these.

Q: The physical disintegration or fracturing of rock is called A) mechanical weathering. B) gradation. C) chemical weathering. D) none of these.

Q: The physical disintegration and chemical decomposition of rock at or near Earth's surface is called A) weathering. B) gradation. C) erosion. D) none of these.

Q: The process of leveling of the Earth by the wearing away of high places and the transportation to and deposition of sediments at lower levels is called A) gradation. B) weathering. C) erosion. D) none of the above.

Q: Carbonic acid is the main agent of ______________ weathering.

Q: Collapsed cavern ceilings can cause ______________ to appear on the land's surface.

Q: ______________ water has a high content of calcium, magnesium, and iron salts.

Q: Frost wedging is a common type of ______________ weathering.

Q: The leveling of the Earth's surface is known as ______________.

Q: The true edges of the continental landmasses are called the ______________.

Q: The shallowly submerged areas that border the continental landmasses are called the ______________.

Q: A large, flat, sediment-covered area on the ocean floor is called a(n) ______________.

Q: Seamounts with flat tops are known as ______________.

Q: An isolated, submarine, volcanic peak on the ocean floor is called, in general, a(n) ______________.

Q: Seawater movement that arises from incoming ocean waves that break at an angle to the shoreis called a(n) ______________ current.

Q: ______________ (how many?) tidal bulges "move" around Earth daily.

Q: The three major types of seawater movement are waves, currents, and ______________.

Q: The three major types of seawater movement are ______________, currents, and tides.

Q: The three major types of seawater movement are waves, ______________, and tides.

Q: Earth's third largest ocean is the ______________ Ocean.

Q: Earth's second largest ocean is the ______________ Ocean.

Q: Earth's largest ocean is the ______________ Ocean.

Q: If a water sample contains 2 ppm of dissolved salt, it contains 2 g of salt in every ______________ g of water.

Q: A large body of permeable rock or soil through which groundwater moves is called a(n) ______________.

Q: Water must be pumped out of water-table wells but not out of ______________ wells.

Q: The upper boundary of the zone of saturation is called the ______________.

Q: The unsaturated zone of soil or rock above the water table is called the zone of ______________.

Q: The measure of a material's capacity to transmit fluids is called the material's ______________.

Q: The percentage volume of unoccupied space in a material is called the material's ______________.

Q: Water that soaks into the soil and collects in the subsurface is called ______________.

Q: The movement of Earth's water supply from the oceans to the atmosphere and back again is called the ______________.