Physic

Q: In 1869, a major event in the history of chemistry occurred; it was the A) discovery of the law of definite proportions. B) discovery of the octet rule. C) discovery of the law of conservation of mass. D) development of the periodic table.

Q: In general, elements that have four to eight electrons in their valence shell are A) semimetals. B) metalloids. C) nonmetals. D) metals.

Q: An element that is malleable, ductile, and a good conductor of heat and electricity would be classified as a A) metalloid. B) semimetal. C) metal. D) nonmetal.

Q: The chemical properties of calcium and strontium are similar because both A) are located on the left side the periodic table. B) are in the same group. C) have four electrons in the first shell. D) are in the same period.

Q: The chemical properties of chlorine and bromine are similar because both A) are nonmetals and they are close together in the periodic table. B) have seven valence electrons. C) have two electrons in the first shell. D) are in the same period.

Q: The major credit for the development of the periodic table goes to A) Berzelius. B) Lavoisier. C) Boyle. D) Mendeleev.

Q: The vertical columns of elements in the periodic table are called A) periods. B) groups. C) families. D) series.

Q: The horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table are called A) periods. B) groups. C) families. D) series.

Q: The periodic table is most easily understood in terms of the ______________ configurations of the elements. A) periodic B) proton C) neutron D) electron

Q: The second most abundant element in the Earth's atmosphere is A) oxygen. B) argon. C) nitrogen. D) carbon dioxide.

Q: "Buckyball" is an allotrope of the element A) carbon. B) oxygen. C) phosphorus. D) none of these.

Q: Two or more forms of the same element that have different bonding structures in the same physical phase are called A) isobars. B) allotropes. C) isotopes. D) isomers.

Q: The most abundant element in the universe is A) hydrogen. B) iron. C) oxygen. D) carbon.

Q: Which of the following, along with O2, is an allotrope of oxygen? A) O3 B) O2- C) O D) O4

Q: An example of a diatomic molecule of a compound is A) P4. B) NO2. C) N2. D) CO.

Q: Pencil "lead" (graphite) is made primarily of A) oil. B) PbO2. C) carbon. D) Pb.

Q: Diamond, graphite, and buckyballs are A) isotopes. B) allotropes. C) isomeres. D) diatomic.

Q: Diamond and graphite are A) similar in physical properties. B) composed of the same element. C) of the same crystalline structure. D) bonded in the same manner.

Q: Only two elements, mercury and ______________, are liquid at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. A) sodium B) bromine C) phosphorus D) iodine

Q: About 75% of the mass of the visible universe is composed of which element? A) Helium B) Iron C) Hydrogen D) Silicon

Q: Nearly 100% by mass of Earth's core is composed of the two elements A) iron and nickel B) aluminum and silicon C) oxygen and aluminum D) silicon and oxygen.

Q: About 15% by mass of Earth's core is composed of the element(s) A) iron B) nickel C) oxygen. D) silicon. E) iron and nickel.

Q: About 85% by mass of Earth's core is composed of the element(s) A) iron B) nickel C) oxygen. D) silicon. E) iron and nickel.

Q: About 99% by mass of Earth's atmosphere is composed of the two elements A) nitrogen and oxygen. B) oxygen and carbon dioxide. C) oxygen and silicon. D) hydrogen and helium.

Q: About 74% by mass of Earth's crust is composed of the two elements A) oxygen and iron. B) aluminum and iron. C) oxygen and silicon. D) silicon and aluminum.

Q: When the atoms of two or more elements react chemically, they usually join together to form A) isotopes. B) new elements. C) molecules. D) isomers.

Q: What scientist discovered more elements than any other person? A) Lavoisier B) Boyle C) Berzelius D) Davy

Q: The symbol for oxygen is A) Ox. B) On. C) O. D) Xy.

Q: The symbol for copper is A) C. B) Co. C) Cr. D) Cu.

Q: The symbol for lead is A) Pb. B) La. C) Li. D) Xe.

Q: The symbol for tungsten is A) W. B) Ti. C) Ag. D) Tb.

Q: The symbol for tin is A) Sn. B) Ti. C) Sb. D) In.

Q: The symbol for potassium is A) Pm. B) Po. C) P. D) K.

Q: The symbol for carbon is A) Ca. B) Cr. C) Co. D) C.

Q: The symbol for Krypton is A) Kr. B) Sr. C) Br. D) Se. E) Rb.

Q: How many elements occur naturally on Earth? A) 102 B) 88 C) 112 D) 82

Q: What was the nationality of the first persons who we know speculated about "elements"? A) Chinese B) Egyptian C) Greek D) Roman

Q: In 1661, who developed a definition of element that made the concept subject to laboratory investigation? A) Berzelius B) Boyle C) Lavoisier D) Davy

Q: A gold-plated (gold-covered) piece of jewelery, such as a bracelet, is A) a compound. B) a heterogeneous mixture. C) a homogeneous mixture. D) an element.

Q: A metal alloy, such as brass, is A) a compound. B) a heterogeneous mixture. C) a homogeneous mixture. D) an element.

Q: A bubble-producing soda is an example of A) an unsaturated solution. B) a saturated solution. C) a supersaturated solution. D) a completely unsaturated solution.

Q: Living next to a lake near volcanic activity can be deadly. There can be large amounts of CO2 dissolved in the water. An earthquake, landslide, or even rapid cooling can trigger the release of the CO2, causing death nearby. The water of the lake in these cases is A) an unsaturated solution. B) a saturated solution. C) a supersaturated solution. D) a completely unsaturated solution.

Q: Take a cup of water, add sugar, and stir. Continue adding sugar and stirring until the sugar crystals no longer dissolve. Then apply heat to dissolve the remaining crystals. If the resulting solution is allowed to slowly cool, the solution is said to be A) an unsaturated solution. B) a saturated solution. C) a supersaturated solution. D) none of these.

Q: Take a cup of water, add sugar, and stir. If the resulting solution contains sugar crystals that do not dissolve, the solution is said to be A) an unsaturated solution. B) a saturated solution. C) a homogeneous solution. D) none of these.

Q: Take a cup of water, add sugar, and stir. If the resulting solution no longer contains sugar crystals, the solution is said to be A) an unsaturated solution. B) a saturated solution. C) a heterogeneous solution. D) none of these.

Q: Solutions are A) homogeneous mixtures. B) heterogeneous mixtures. C) nonuniform mixtures. D) none of these.

Q: The smaller portion of a solution is generally called the A) salt. B) solute. C) molar concentrate. D) solvent.

Q: The greater amount of substance in a solution is generally called the A) salt. B) solute. C) molar concentrate. D) solvent.

Q: Chloroform can be broken down by chemical means but not by physical methods. Thus chloroform is A) a homogeneous mixture. B) an element. C) a compound. D) a heterogeneous mixture.

Q: A chocolate chip cookie is a good example of A) a compound. B) an element. C) a homogeneous mixture. D) a heterogeneous mixture.

Q: A watermelon is a good example of A) a compound. B) an element. C) a homogeneous mixture. D) a heterogeneous mixture.

Q: A cola drink is a good example of A) a compound. B) a heterogeneous mixture. C) a homogeneous mixture. D) an element.

Q: Mouthwash is a good example of A) a compound. B) a heterogeneous mixture. C) a homogeneous mixture. D) an element.

Q: A substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined in a definite, fixed proportion by mass is A) a molecule. B) a compound. C) an ion. D) a mixture.

Q: A chemical combination of two or more substances in variable proportions is called A) a mixture. B) a compound. C) an ion. D) a molecule.

Q: A nonchemical combination of two or more substances in variable proportions is called A) a mixture. B) a compound. C) an ion. D) a molecule.

Q: The identity of an atom is determined by its number of A) valence bonds. B) neutrons. C) electrons. D) protons.

Q: The most modern definition of element is A) a substance that cannot be further separated by chemical methods. B) the simplest form of matter. C) a substance in which all the atoms have the same number of protons. D) a substance that contains no neutrons.

Q: A sample of matter that contains atoms that all have the same number of protons is A) an element. B) a substance. C) a compound. D) a homogeneous mixture.

Q: Sodium is an example of A) A compound B) A solution C) An alloy D) An element

Q: Aluminum is an example of A) a compound. B) a solution. C) an element. D) an alloy.

Q: If all samples of a material have identical properties and composition, it is A) a compound. B) an element. C) a homogeneous mixture. D) an element or compound.

Q: Which of the following is not one of the five major divisions of chemistry? A) Nuclear chemistry B) Physical chemistry C) Biochemistry D) Inorganic chemistry

Q: Which science deals with the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter? A) Thermodynamics B) Geology C) Physics D) Chemistry

Q: Which of the five major divisions of chemistry is generally considered the most fundamental? A) Organic chemistry B) Inorganic chemistry C) Analytical chemistry D) Physical chemistry E) Biochemistry

Q: Which of the following is not matter? A) Air B) Heat C) Charcoal D) Electrons

Q: Name the following compounds.a. NO2b. N2O3c. Zn(NO3)2d. ICl5

Q: Give the formula, including the ionic charge, for each of the following polyatomic ions. a. hydroxide b. sulfate c. ammonium d. phosphate

Q: Arrange the atoms magnesium, fluorine, strontium, and sulfur in order of increasing ionization energy.

Q: Arrange the atoms calcium, barium, chlorine, and bromine in order of increasing atomic radius.

Q: Use the periodic table to find the atomic number, number of protons, number of electrons, and number of valence electrons for each of the following elements. a. barium b. tin c. phosphorus

Q: Give the common ionic charge for each of the following elements, and classify each as a metal or a nonmetal.

Q: Give the name for each element.

Q: Give the chemical symbol for each element.

Q: The common name for CH4 is ______________.

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