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Physic
Q:
The Pauli exclusion principle is obeyed by:
A) all particles
B) all charged particles
C) all particles with spin quantum numbers of 1/2
D) all particles with spin quantum numbers of 1
E) all particles with mass
Q:
Hydrogen atoms are in a magnetic field of 2.0 T. What is their magnetic resonance frequency?
A) 2.8 x 1010Hz
B) 5.6 x 1010Hz
C) 1.1 x 1011Hz
D) 1.8 x 1011Hz
E) 3.5 x 1011Hz
Q:
The figure shows two different orientations of a proton in a magnetic field. Which orientation is at higher energy? A) a
B) b
C) Both are at the same energy, and there is no other orientation at higher energy.
D) Both are at the same energy, but if the spin vector were perpendicular to the magnetic field the energy would be higher.
E) Both are at the same energy, but if the spin vector were perpendicular to the magnetic field the energy would be lower.
Q:
A magnetic dipole is placed between the poles of a magnet as shown. The direction of the associated force exerted on the dipole is: A) positive x
B) positive y
C) negative x
D) negative y
E) into or out of the page
Q:
The force exerted on a magnetic dipole as it moves with velocity through a Stern-Gerlach apparatus is:
A) proportional to v
B) proportional to 1/v
C) zero
D) proportional to v2
E) independent of v
Q:
The magnetic field is along the zaxis in a Stern-Gerlach experiment. The force it exerts on a magnetic dipole with dipole moment is proportional to:
Q:
A magnetic dipole is placed in a strong uniform magnetic field . The associated force exerted on the dipole is:
A) along B) along C) along D) along E) zero
Q:
The Stern-Gerlach experiment makes use of:
A) a strong uniform magnetic field
B) a strong non-uniform magnetic field
C) a strong uniform electric field
D) a strong non-uniform electric field
E) strong perpendicular electric and magnetic fields
Q:
The quantity szis related to the quantum number msby:
Q:
The magnitude of the spin magnetic dipole moment of an atom is (is the Bohr magneton, and sis a positive number):
Q:
An electron in an atom is in a state with =5. The minimum angle between and the zaxis is:A) 0°B) 18.0°C) 24.1°D) 33.6°E) 36.7°
Q:
An electron in an atom is in a state with =3 and =2. The angle between and the zaxis is:A) 30°B) 35.3°C) 48.2°D) 54.7°E) 60°
Q:
In the relation , the quantity is:A) the Bohr magnetonB) the component of the dipole moment along the magnetic fieldC) the permeability of the materialD) a friction coefficientE) none of the above
Q:
The quantity Lzis related to the quantum number by:
Q:
Space quantization means that:
A) space is quantized
B) Lzcan have only certain discrete values
C) and are in the same direction
D) and are in opposite directions
E) an electron has a magnetic dipole moment
Q:
The magnitude of the orbital magnetic dipole moment of an atom is (is the Bohr magneton, and is a positive integer):
Q:
An electron is in a quantum state for which there are seven allowed values of the zcomponent of the angular momentum. The magnitude of the angular momentum is:
A) B) C) D) E)
Q:
The total number of electron states with n= 2 and =1 for an atom is:A) 2B) 4C) 6D) 8E) 10
Q:
The electron states in an atom which constitute a single subshell all have:A) only the same value of nB) only the same value of C) only the same value of nand the same value of D) only the same value of and the same value of E) the same set of all four quantum numbers
Q:
The electron states in an atom which constitute a single shell all have:A) the same value of nB) the same value of C) the same value of n and the same value of D) the same value of and the same value of E) the same set of all four quantum numbers
Q:
The number of states in a shell with principal quantum number n= 3 is:
A) 3
B) 8
C) 9
D) 18
E) 32
Q:
The number of states in a subshell with orbital quantum number =3 is:A) 2B) 3C) 7D) 9E) 14
Q:
The possible values for the magnetic quantum number msof an electron in an atom:A) depend on nB) depend on C) depend on both nand D) depend on whether or not there is an external magnetic field presentE) are ±1/2
Q:
An electron in an atom is in a state with principal quantum number n= 4. The possible values of the orbital quantum number are:A) 1, 2, 3B) 1, 2, 3, 4C) -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3D) 0, 1, 2, 3E) 0, 1, 2
Q:
An electron is in a quantum state for which the magnitude of the orbital angular momentum is . How many allowed values of the zcomponent of the angular momentum are there?
A) 7
B) 8
C) 16
D) 17
E) 20
Q:
An atom is in a state with orbital quantum number =2. Possible values of the magnetic quantum number are:A) 1, 2B) 0, 1, 2C) 0, 1D) -1, 0, 1E) -2, -1, 0, 1, 2
Q:
The number of possible values of the magnetic quantum number associated with a given value of the orbital quantum number is:
Q:
The number of values of the orbital quantum number associated with the principal quantum number n= 3 is:A) 1B) 2C) 3D) 4E) 7
Q:
Possible values of the principal quantum number nfor an electron in an atom are:
Q:
The quantum number msis most closely associated with what property of the electron in an atom?
A) Magnitude of the orbital angular momentum
B) Energy
C) zcomponent of the spin angular momentum
D) zcomponent of the orbital angular momentum
E) Radius of the orbit
Q:
The magnetic quantum number is most closely associated with what property of the electron in an atom?A) Magnitude of the orbital angular momentumB) EnergyC) zcomponent of the spin angular momentumD) zcomponent of the orbital angular momentumE) Radius of the orbit
Q:
The magnitude of the orbital angular momentum of an electron is what multiple of ? (is a positive integer.)
Q:
The Einstein"de Haas experiment showed that:
A) atoms emit and absorb light, but only of certain wavelengths.
B) atoms have momentum, and momentum is conserved.
C) atoms have electric fields, and electric fields can cause their energy levels to split.
D) atoms have magnetic dipole moments that are coupled to their angular momentum.
E) a gradient in a magnetic field will cause a beam of atoms to split.
Q:
Electrons in a certain laser make transitions from a metastable state to the ground state. Initially there are 6 x1020atoms in the metastable state and 2x1020atoms in the ground state. The number of photons that can be produced in a single burst is about:A) 2 x1020B) 3 x1020C) 4 x1020D) 6 x1020E) 8 x1020
Q:
The purpose of the mirrors at the ends of a helium-neon laser is:
A) to assure that no laser light leaks out
B) to increase the number of stimulated emissions
C) to absorb some of the photons
D) to keep the light used for pumping inside the laser
E) to double the effective length of the laser
Q:
In a helium-neon laser, the laser light arises from a transition from a _________ state to a _________ state:
A) He, He
B) Ne, Ne
C) He, Ne
D) Ne, He
E) N, He
Q:
Photons in a laser beam are produced by:
A) transitions from a metastable state
B) transitions from a state that decays rapidly
C) splitting of other photons
D) pumping
E) reflection from mirrors
Q:
A metastable state is important for the generation of a laser beam because it assures that:
A) spontaneous emission does not occur more often than stimulated emission
B) photons do not split too rapidly
C) more photons are emitted than are absorbed
D) photons do not collide with each other
E) photons do not make upward transitions
Q:
Population inversion is important for the generation of a laser beam because it assures that:
A) spontaneous emission does not occur more often than stimulated emission
B) photons do not split too rapidly
C) more photons are emitted than are absorbed
D) photons do not collide with each other
E) photons do not make upward transitions
Q:
Which of the following is essential for the laser action to occur between two energy levels of an atom?
A) the lower level is metastable
B) there are more atoms in the upper level than in the lower level
C) there are more atoms in the lower level than in the upper level
D) the lower level is the ground state
E) the lasing material is a gas
Q:
Which of the following is essential for laser action to occur between two energy levels of an atom?
A) the lower level is metastable
B) the upper level is metastable
C) the lower level is the ground state
D) the are more atoms in the lower level than in the upper level
E) the lasing material is a gas
Q:
A laser must be pumped to achieve:
A) a metastable state
B) fast response
C) stimulated emission
D) population inversion
E) the same wavelength for all photons
Q:
Suppose the energy required to ionize a neon atom is i, the energy to excite it is e, and its energy due to thermal agitation at room temperature is t. In increasing order, these three energies are:
A) i, e, t
B) t, i, e
C) e, t, i
D) i, t, e
E) t, e, i
Q:
A group of electromagnetic waves might
I. be monochromatic
II. be coherent
III. have the same polarization direction
Which of these describe the waves from a laser?
A) I only
B) II only
C) III only
D) I and II only
E) I, II, and III
Q:
Photons in a laser beam have the same energy, wavelength, polarization direction, and phase because:
A) each is produced in an emission that is stimulated by another
B) all come from the same atom
C) the lasing material has only two quantum states
D) all photons are alike, no matter what their source
E) none of the above
Q:
The "e" in laser stands for:
A) electric
B) emf
C) energy
D) emission
E) entropy
Q:
A laser beam can be sharply focused because it is:
A) highly coherent
B) plane polarized
C) intense
D) circularly polarized
E) highly directional
Q:
In a laser:
A) excited atoms are stimulated to emit photons by radiation external to the laser
B) the transitions for laser emission are directly to the ground state
C) the states which give rise to laser emission are usually very unstable states that decay rapidly
D) the state in which an atom is initially excited is never between two states that are involved in the stimulated emission
E) a minimum of two energy levels are required.
Q:
The ratio of wavelength of Kx-ray line for Nb (Z= 41) to that of Ga (Z= 31) is:
A) 9/16
B) 16/9
C) 3/4
D) 4/3
E) 1.15
Q:
The Kx rays arising from a cobalt (Z= 27) target have a wavelength of about 179 pm. The atomic number of a target that gives rise to Kx rays with a wavelength one-third as great (60pm) is:
A) Z= 9
B) Z= 26
C) Z= 28
D) Z= 46
E) Z= 81
Q:
In calculating the x-ray energy levels the effective charge of the nucleus is taken to be
Z" b, where Zis the atomic number. The parameter benters because:
A) an electron is removed from the inner shell
B) a proton is removed from the nucleus
C) the quantum mechanical force between two charges is less than the classical force
D) the nucleus is screened by electrons
E) the Pauli exclusion principle must be obeyed
Q:
In a Moseley graph:
A) the x-ray frequency is plotted as a function of atomic number
B) the square of the x-ray frequency is plotted as a function of atomic number
C) the square root of the x-ray frequency is plotted as a function of atomic number
D) the x-ray frequency is plotted as a function of the square root of atomic number
E) the square root of the x-ray frequency is plotted as a function of atomic mass
Q:
A photon with the smallest wavelength in the continuous z-ray spectrum is emitted when:
A) an electron is knocked from a K shell
B) a valence electron is knocked from the atom
C) the incident electron becomes bound to the atom
D) the atom has the greatest recoil energy
E) the incident electron loses all its energy in a single decelerating event
Q:
The transition shown gives rise to an x-ray. The correct label for this is:
Q:
Radiation with the minimum wavelength as well as the K x-ray lines are detected for a certain target. The energy of the incident electrons is then doubled, with the result that:
A) the minimum wavelength increases and the wavelengths of the K lines remain the same
B) the minimum wavelength decreases and the wavelengths of the K lines remain the same
C) the minimum wavelength and the wavelengths of the K lines all increase
D) the minimum wavelength and the wavelengths of the K lines all decrease
E) the minimum wavelength increases and the wavelengths of the K lines all decrease
Q:
Two different electron beams are incident on two different targets and both produce x rays. The cutoff wavelength for target 1 is shorter than the cutoff wavelength for target 2. We can conclude that:
A) target 2 has a higher atomic number than target 1
B) target 2 has a lower atomic number than target 1
C) the electrons in beam 1 have greater kinetic energy than those in beam 2
D) the electrons in beam 1 have less kinetic energy than those in beam 2
E) target 1 is thicker than target 2
Q:
The most energetic photon in a continuous x-ray spectrum has an energy approximately equal to:
A) the energy of all the electrons in a target atom
B) the kinetic energy of an incident-beam electron
C) the rest energy, mc2, of an electron
D) the total energy of a K-electron in the target atom
E) the kinetic energy of a K-electron in the target atom
Q:
Characteristic K x-radiation of an element is caused by:
A) stoppage of electrons by the nucleus
B) scattering of the incident radiation with a change of wavelength
C) ejection of an electron from an outer shell
D) transition of an electron to the innermost orbit
E) none of the above
Q:
In connection with x-ray emission the symbol refers to:A) a beta particle radiationB) an atomic state of angular momentum C) the inductance associated with an orbiting electronD) x-radiation associated with an electron going from n= 4 to n= 2E) none of the above
Q:
In connection with x-ray emission the symbol refers to:A) an alpha particle radiationB) an effect of the dielectric constant on energy levelsC) x-ray radiation from potassiumD) x-ray radiation associated with an electron going from E) x-ray radiation associated with an electron going from n= 2 to n= 1
Q:
An electron in an L shell of an atom has the principal quantum number:A) n= 0B) n= 1C) n= 2D) n= 3E) n=
Q:
An electron in a K shell of an atom has the principal quantum number:A) n= 0B) n= 1C) n= 2D) n= 3E) n=
Q:
The states being filled from the beginning to end of the lanthanide series of atoms are:A) n= 3, =2 statesB) n= 4, =1 statesC) n= 4, =2 statesD) n= 4, =3 statesE) n= 5, =2 states
Q:
For any atom other that hydrogen and helium all electrons in the same shell have:
A) the same energy
B) the same magnitude of angular momentum
C) the same magnetic quantum number
D) the same spin quantum number
E) none of the above
Q:
Which of the following (n, , m, ms) combinations is impossible for an electron in an atom?A) 3, 1, 1, -1/2B) 6, 2, 0, 1/2C) 3, 2, -2, -1/2D) 3, 1, -2, 1/2E) 1, 0, 0, -1/2
Q:
The following image is a dot plot of the ground state of the hydrogen atom. The dots represent:A) all the possible positions of the electronB) every electron in the atomC) the electron wave functionD) the volume probability density for the electronE) the density of the electron cloud
Q:
The radial probability density for the electron in the ground state of a hydrogen atom has a peak at about:
A) 0.5 pm
B) 5 pm
C) 50 pm
D) 500 pm
E) 5000 pm
Q:
If P(r) is the radial probability density for a hydrogen atom then the probability that the separation of the electron and proton is between rand r+ dris:
Q:
If the wave function ¹is spherically symmetric then the radial probability density is given by:
Q:
Which of the following sets of quantum numbers is possible for an electron in a hydrogen atom?
Q:
The Balmer series of hydrogen is important because it:
A) is the only one for which the Bohr theory can be used
B) is the only series which occurs for hydrogen
C) is in the visible region
D) involves the lowest possible quantum number n
E) involves the highest possible quantum number n
Q:
The series limit for the Balmer series represents a transition m->n, where (m, n) is
Q:
When a hydrogen atom makes the transition from the second excited state to the ground state (at -13.6 eV) the energy of the photon emitted is:A) 0 eVB) 1.5 eVC) 9.1 eVD) 12.1 eVE) 13.6 eV
Q:
The diagram shows the energy levels for an electron in a certain atom. Of the transitions shown, which represents the emission of a photon with the most energy? A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
Q:
Take the potential energy of a hydrogen atom to be zero for infinite separation of the electron and proton. Then the ground state energy of a hydrogen atom is -13.6 eV. When the electron is in the first excited state its excitation energy (the difference between the energy of the state and that of the ground state) is:A) 0B) 3.4 eVC) 6.8 eVD) 10.2 eVE) 13.6 eV
Q:
Take the potential energy of a hydrogen atom to be zero for infinite separation of the electron and proton. Then the ground state energy of a hydrogen atom is -13.6 eV. The energy of the first excited state is:A) 0eVB) -3.4 eVC) -6.8 eVD) -10.2eVE) -27 eV
Q:
The binding energy of an electron in the ground state in a hydrogen atom is about:
A) 1.0 eV
B) 3.4 eV
C) 10.2 eV
D) 13.6 eV
E) 27.2 eV
Q:
Take the potential energy of a hydrogen atom to be zero for infinite separation of the electron and proton. Then, according to the quantum theory the energy Enof a state with principal quantum number nis proportional to:
A) n
B) n2
C) 1/n
D) 1/n2
E) none of the above
Q:
Consider the following:I. the probability density for an = 0 stateII. the probability density for a state with 0III. the average of the probability densities for all states in an 0 subshellOf these which are spherically symmetric?A) only IB) only IIC) only I and IID) only I and IIIE) I, II, and III
Q:
The wave function for an electron in a state with zero angular momentum:
A) is zero everywhere
B) is spherically symmetric
C) depends on the angle from the zaxis
D) depends on the angle from the xaxis
E) is spherically symmetric for some shells and depends on the angle from the zaxis for others