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Q:
After treatment, anorexics
a. usually become bulimic.
b. change their body image.
c. may still have difficulty reaching a healthy body weight.
d. typically become more compliant with their parents' wishes.
Q:
After treatment that includes hospitalization and weight gain, anorexics
a. usually retain the urge to be thin.
b. usually return to normal eating.
c. often show other signs of psychological problems.
d. both a and c.
Q:
Demographic descriptions of anorexics and bulimics are similar in many ways. Which is NOT a similarity?
a. female
b. desire to be thin
c. guilt concerning one's eating habits
d. childhood physical or sexual abuse
Q:
An anorexic is MOST likely to make which statement?
a. "I wish I had as much control over my weight as other people do."
b. "If I gain one pound, I'll never stop gaining."
c. "I can't stand the sight or smell of food."
d. "I would give anything to be like other people."
Q:
Which of these groups of people are LEAST motivated to seek help for their eating disorder?
a. men with bulimia
b. women with anorexia
c. moderately overweight women
d. severely obese men
Q:
The immediate aim of treatment programs for anorexics is usually
a. increased self-esteem.
b. better relationships with parents.
c. weight restoration.
d. weight loss.
Q:
Male anorexics are quite similar to female anorexics in terms of social class and family configuration, symptoms, treatment, and prognosis. However, they differ from female anorexics in that their ideal body build is
a. muscular.
b. tall.
c. short.
d. corpulent.
Q:
Anorexics are most likely to have experienced
a. physical and sexual abuse.
b. emotional support from parents.
c. a close and warm relationship with their mother.
d. failure in school.
Q:
Chris is anorexic. Which of these is LEAST likely to be a characteristic of Chris?
a. a view of self as being too fat
b. male
c. a preoccupation with food
d. ambitious, with high needs for achievement
Q:
Although individual differences exist among anorexics, one characteristic typically found is
a. a denial of femininity.
b. a fear of motherhood.
c. achievement orientation.
d. a dislike of cooking or being around food.
Q:
Which of these characteristics is LEAST likely among anorexics?
a. young, White, and female
b. preoccupation with food
c. view of self as too thin
d. ambitious and perfectionist
Q:
Victoria is anorexic. Which of these is LEAST likely to be characteristic of her?
a. has experienced little emotional support from her family
b. upper-middle or upper social class
c. increased interest in sexual activity
d. loss of scalp hair
Q:
People who __________ lose weight may experience health benefits; those who ____________ lose weight are at increased risk for health problems.
a. unintentionally . . . intentionally
b. intentionally . . . unintentionally
c. rapidly . . . slowly
d. always . . . never
Q:
Who is most likely to gain health benefits from dieting?
a. a person with a BMI of 26 who is able to lose weight but gains it back
b. a 55-year-old who has gained 15 pounds over the past 5 years
c. a person who was 25 pounds over ideal weight but who has already lost 15 pounds
d. a person who is 40 pounds overweight and is able to lose 10% of her body weight
Q:
Research suggests that
a. losing weight as rapidly as possible is the best dieting strategy.
b. dieters who seek therapy for weight loss are less likely to maintain their weight loss than those who lose weight on their own.
c. dieting speeds metabolic rate, thus facilitating weight loss.
d. people should not remain on the same diet for more than 6 weeks.
Q:
One simple technique to keep yourself on track after a weight loss program is to ___________.
a. weigh yourself daily
b. join a different weight loss program
c. exercise daily
d. never weigh yourself
Q:
A review of commercial weight loss programs found that individuals ________ in 1-2 years.
a. regain 50% of their weight
b. keep their lost weight off
c. regain 10% of their weight
d. keep losing weight
Q:
One recent study found that dieters who ________ lost twice as much weight as those on the same program that did not.
a. went to therapy
b. kept a food diary
c. exercised twice a week
d. both a and c
Q:
Diets that contain _______ are good choices to help weight loss.
a. high fiber from fruits and veggies
b. low-fat foods
c. low-carbohydrate foods
d. liquid food
Q:
In a survey of adults, ______ of women were trying to lose weight.
a. 20%
b. 38%
c. 42%
d. 76%
Q:
The safest and surest way to lose weight and be healthy is to
a. exercise
b. eat healthy
c. rely on diet pills
d. both a and b
Q:
When overweight children attempt to lose weight,
a. they are less successful than adults.
b. they succeed in behavioral programs that involve their family.
c. boys succeed but girls do not.
d. they tend to become diabetic after losing about 10% of their body weight.
Q:
Most people who lose weight
a. maintain their weight loss.
b. do so without the help of a program or therapist.
c. do so by taking diet pills.
d. continue a downward spiral of weight loss.
Q:
Which of these is the most effective combination for substantial weight loss during dieting and maintaining weight loss after 1 year?
a. fat suctioning and liquid protein diet
b. prescription amphetamines and nonprescription phenylpropylalamine
c. low-calorie diet and increased physical activity
d. high carbohydrate diet and psychoanalysis
Q:
What would you tell your female friend who is 15 pounds above her ideal weight and who has asked you for advice?
a. "Give up sweets for 6 weeks."
b. "You look great. Forget about losing weight."
c. "Forget about dieting; adopt a regular exercise program and stop overeating."
d. "Eat the same kinds of food you're eating now, but only about half as much."
Q:
Gastric bypass surgery
a. usually produces massive weight loss.
b. carries health risks from the surgical procedure.
c. has replaced liposuction as the most common surgical approach to weight control.
d. both a and b.
Q:
Exercise
a. stimulates appetite and results in overeating and weight gain.
b. must be combined with calorie restrictions for weight loss to occur.
c. tends to increase the setpoint, adjusting it upward.
d. may be sufficient by itself to cause weight loss.
Q:
Behavior modification programs for weight control usually
a. punish unhealthy eating habits.
b. punish weight gain.
c. reinforce healthy eating habits.
d. reinforce weight loss.
Q:
Which weight loss program is likely to have the greatest problem with relapse?
a. a very low-calorie diet that produces quick weight loss
b. a program that adds posttreatment sessions
c. a behavior modification program
d. a program that includes social support and aerobic exercise
Q:
Both low-carbohydrate diets and low-fat diets share one drawback:
a. neither produces weight loss.
b. both are unhealthy.
c. both produce high dropout rates.
d. all of these.
Q:
A single-food diet (for example, all the hard-boiled eggs you want)
a. will not produce weight loss unless the single food is low in calories.
b. is nutritionally more balanced than most liquid diets.
c. may produce weight loss after the dieter becomes bored with the lack of variety in the diet.
d. is usually a high fiber, low-carbohydrate diet.
Q:
A low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet
a. may initially produce weight loss.
b. is an attractive dieting choice for many people.
c. produces a higher dropout rate than some other programs.
d. all of these.
Q:
Which of these people has the GREATEST danger of developing a health problem?
a. a woman who is 15 pounds overweight
b. a woman whose weight is 10% above the weight recommended by the weight charts
c. a man whose weight is a stable 12% above the weight recommended by the weight charts
d. a man who gains 20% above the ideal recommended weight
Q:
Research has found which of these weight-related factors to be MOST dangerous?
a. distribution of weight around the waist and abdomen
b. distribution of weight around the thighs and hips
c. low body mass index
d. being 10 pounds overweight
Q:
Research has shown a positive relationship between obesity and
a. high blood pressure.
b. nonfatal heart disease.
c. diabetes.
d. all of these.
Q:
In general, which of these people would have the GREATEST risk for health problems due to being overweight?
a. a 50-year-old man who is 20% over his ideal weight with most of the extra weight on his thighs and hips
b. a 50-year-old man who is 20% over his ideal weight with most extra weight around his abdomen
c. a 50-year-old woman who is 20% over her ideal weight
d. a 26-year-old woman who is 25% over her ideal weight
Q:
Bart is concerned because his 75-year-old grandfather has always been about 20 pounds overweight and refuses to diet. Bart should know that
a. losing weight after age 50 doubles the risk for cardiovascular disease.
b. after age 65, losing weight might actually be dangerous.
c. his grandfather should go on a diet whether or not he wants to do so.
d. both a and c are correct.
Q:
Studies from the United States and Europe show that people begin to have a slight risk for all-cause mortality after their body mass index reaches ____ or higher.
a. 20
b. 24
c. 28
d. 32
Q:
In general, the relationship between weight and poor health is
a. S-shaped.
b. U-shaped.
c. directthe heavier the person, the greater the risk for poor health.
d. inversethe heavier the person, the lower the risk for poor health.
Q:
The pattern of risk factors called metabolic syndrome include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. excess abdominal fat
b. heart disease
c. insulin resistance
d. problems with levels of cholesterol
Q:
Eating foods high in ______ may increase appetite rather than lead to feelings of satiation.
a. calories
b. carbohydrates
c. fat
d. flavor
Q:
Research on sleep and weight has shown that __________ precedes weight gain.
a. short sleep duration
b. many naps
c. long sleep cycle
d. both a and b
Q:
Although there is support for a _____ explanation of obesity, this does not fully explain the rise of obesity since obesity rates have skyrocketed in the past two decades.
a. setpoint
b. genetic
c. positive incentive
d. biological
Q:
One possible explanation as to why individuals have differing setpoints is
a. genetics.
b. past success or failure at diets.
c. ethnicity.
d. age.
Q:
If using BMI to define obesity and overweight, then _____ of adults are overweight and obese in the US.
a. 23%
b. 33%
c. 55%
d. 67%
Q:
All of the following are explanations that researchers have suggested for why obesity has increased in the past two decades EXCEPT:
a. increased consumption of fast food.
b. increased consumption of sweetened soda.
c. increased consumption of genetically modified foods.
d. decreases in physical activity.
Q:
Extreme obesity has ______ during the 1990s.
a. stayed the same
b. doubled
c. tripled
d. decreased
Q:
Using body mass index (BMI), a BMI of ____ to _____ is defined as overweight.
a. 30; 45
b. 25; 29.9
c. 17.9; 25
d. 25; 30
Q:
Self-reports indicate that overweight people ________ and objective measurements indicate that overweight people _______.
a. eat less; eat more
b. eat less; eat less
c. eat more; eat more
d. eat more; eat less
Q:
All of the following are methods to assess body fat EXCEPT:
a. imaging the body
b. skin-fold technique
c. body-mass index
d. self-reports
Q:
When humans or rats have a variety of tasty foods available,
a. humans increase their food intake, but rats do not.
b. rats increase their food intake, but humans do not.
c. both rats and humans increase their food intake.
d. food intake remains constant for both.
Q:
Compare the health effects of illegal drug use with those of alcohol.
Q:
Contrast the success of treatment programs oriented toward abstinence with those oriented toward controlled drinking.
Q:
Jason and Justin live in the same neighborhood and are both 19 years old. Jason does not drink and has had a total of less than 10 drinks during his lifetime, whereas Justin drinks almost every day and gets drunk most weekends. How does the social learning model explain the differing behavior of the two?
Q:
Discuss the balanced placebo design and the research that it has generated about drinking.
Q:
Trace the development of explanations for problem drinking from the moral model to the alcohol dependency syndrome.
Q:
What are the hazards of alcohol? What are the benefits?
Q:
Contrast the attitudes and rates of drinking today with the attitudes and rates of drinking throughout history.
Q:
Most psychoactive drugs do not cause damage to the nervous system.
Q:
Women are more likely than men to seek treatment for problem drinking.
Q:
A meta-analysis of studies on alcohol confirmed that expectancy plays an important role in alcohol's effects.
Q:
Twin studies and adoption studies indicate that genetics plays a stronger role in problem drinking for men than women.
Q:
Light to moderate drinking provides health benefits compared to abstaining from drinking.
Q:
Men are about twice as likely as women to drive after drinking.
Q:
Regardless of how much you drink, alcohol has negative effects on the cardiovascular system.
Q:
The most commonly used illegal drug in the United States is marijuana.
Q:
The Food and Drug Administration considers marijuana as a Schedule I drug.
Q:
Most psychologists regard alcoholism as a disease.
Q:
Scientific research has debunked the widespread belief that light-to-moderate drinking can
lower people's risk for heart disease.
Q:
About 70% of all motor vehicle fatalities are a result of alcohol-impaired driving.
Q:
Alcohol is a drug that does not produce withdrawal symptoms.
Q:
Increasing one's dependence on alcohol is a desirable process for most people.
Q:
Increasing one's tolerance to alcohol is a desirable process for most people.
Q:
Women and men are not equally affected by drinking alcohol, and one factor in this difference is body weight.
Q:
Alcohol consumption in the United States reached a peak during the 1990s.
Q:
Deaths that can be attributed to illegal drugs are approximately _____ whereas the effects of smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol, eating unwisely, and not getting enough exercise account for over ______ of deaths in the US.a. 50%; 20%b. 50%; 50%c. 2%; 60%d. 30%; 70%
Q:
Rather than controlling the availability of drugs, some authorities have contended that a more effective approach would be to control the potential for harm from using drugs. This approach
a. has been influential among legislators but not among drug abuse authorities.
b. has been influential among both legislators and among drug abuse authorities.
c. has been accepted in all countries except the United States.
d. is controversial and not yet widely accepted.
Q:
Treatment for the use and abuse of illegal drugs is similar to the treatment of ____, both in the philosophy and the administration of treatment.
a. alcohol abuse
b. smoking
c. overeating
d. exercise addiction
Q:
Anabolic steroids
a. produce tolerance and dependence in only a few days.
b. decrease body fat and increase muscle mass.
c. are used more by women than by men.
d. decreases submission and aggression in monkeys.
Q:
The most effective prevention programs for children and teens are programs that
a. highlight the dangerous effects of alcohol and illegal drugs.
b. use moral training.
c. boost self-esteem.
d. teach social skills.