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Q:
Alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase are
a. enzymes involved in the metabolism of alcohol.
b. toxic byproducts of excessive alcohol consumption.
c. found in fermented but not distilled alcoholic beverages.
d. biological markers that differentiate alcoholics from nonalcoholics.
Q:
If not consumed, alcohol turns to vinegar. If it is consumed, it
a. also turns to vinegar.
b. turns to ethanol.
c. is digested by the stomach and passed through the excretory system.
d. turns mostly to sugar.
Q:
In general, ____ are less likely to binge or drink heavily, whereas ____ are more likely to be heavy and problem drinkers
a. college graduates . . . high school dropouts
b. high school dropouts . . . college graduates.
c. college graduates . . . high school graduates
d. men . . . women
Q:
In general,
a. high school dropouts have the highest rate of alcohol consumption.
b. people with a high school education have the highest rate of alcohol consumption.
c. college graduates have the highest rate of alcohol consumption.
d. no relationship exists between educational level and consumption of alcohol.
Q:
After the legal age for buying alcohol was raised to 21, consumption among adolescents ages 12 to 17
a. dropped dramatically.
b. dropped slightly.
c. remained about the same.
d. rose dramatically.
Q:
The highest rate of binge drinking in the United States is among
a. young adolescents.
b. the elderly.
c. women.
d. young adults, 18 to 25 years of age.
Q:
_______ is the most widely used drug among high school students.
a. Alcohol
b. Marijuana
c. Cocaine
d. Ecstasy
Q:
In the age group of 12-17 year olds, ______ are current drinkers.
a. 10%
b. 20%
c. 33%
d. 40%
Q:
Binge drinking can lead to all of the following EXCEPT
a. intoxication.
b. poor judgment.
c. impaired coordination.
d. long-term cognitive deficits.
Q:
In the age group of 18-24 year olds, ______ are binge drinkers.
a. 10%
b. 25%
c. 33%
d. 40%
Q:
Which ethnic group has the lowest rates of heavy and binge drinking?
a. European Americans
b. Asian Americans
c. Hispanic Americans
d. Native Americans
Q:
________ drinking is having 14 or more drinks per week for men or having 7 or more drinks per week for women.
a. Binge
b. Moderate
c. Heavy
d. Regular
Q:
________ drinking is having 5 or more drinks on the same occasion at least once per month.
a. Binge
b. Moderate
c. Heavy
d. Regular
Q:
In the United States, _____ of people are classified as regular drinkers, ____ as binge drinkers, and____ as heavy drinkers.
a. 50%, 20%, 10%
b. 50%, 10%, 5%
c. 66%, 15%, 10%
d. 66%, 10%, 1%
Q:
______ of adults in the US are classified as current drinkers.
a. 33%
b. 50%
c. 66%
d. 10%
Q:
The ___________ outlawed the manufacture or sale of alcohol and the _____ ended Prohibition.
a. 18th Amendment; 19th Amendment
b. 18th Amendment; 21st Amendment
c. 21st Amendment; 22nd Amendment
d. 21st Amendment; 24 Amendment
Q:
During the mid-1800s in the United States, the attitude toward alcohol was one of ____________.
a. temperance, or moderate use of alcohol
b. prohibition, or abstinence from alcohol
c. toleration, as long as people did not get drunk
d. celebration; people drank in large amounts.
Q:
_______ is the most widely consumed drug in the United States.
a. Marijuana
b. Alcohol
c. Cocaine
d. Ecstasy
Q:
In the United States, people of this ethnic background have the highest rate of binge drinking and heavy drinking.
a. European Americans
b. Hispanic Americans
c. African Americans
d. Native Americans
Q:
In the United States, people of this ethnic background have the highest rate of drinking.
a. European Americans
b. Hispanic Americans
c. African Americans
d. Asian Americans
Q:
With regard to the consumption of alcohol in the United States, it is most accurate to say that about
a. 90% of adults drink; about one fourth abuse alcohol.
b. 75% of adults drink; about one tenth abuse alcohol.
c. 66% of adults drink; about 10% binge drink.
d. 90% of adults drink; about 5% abuse alcohol.
Q:
Since 1980, the per capita consumption of alcohol in the United States has
a. increased dramatically.
b. increased slightly.
c. remained about the same.
d. declined.
Q:
What was the effect of the passage of the 18th Amendment to the United States constitution on alcohol consumption?
a. Illegal alcohol consumption increased among the rich who could afford the cost.
b. Consumption increased initially but decreased steadily afterwards.
c. Consumption decreased dramatically from previous levels.
d. There was no effect.
Q:
Per capita alcohol consumption decreased dramatically after 1830 in the United States because of
a. strict enforcement of import quotas on foreign wines and spirits.
b. the high cost of distilled beverages, which related to periodic grain shortages.
c. the passage of the 18th Amendment.
d. the spread of the temperance movement.
Q:
Alcohol consumption in the United States reached its peak during
a. the early 1800s.
b. the Civil War.
c. Prohibition.
d. World War II.
Q:
A history of social attitudes toward drunkenness reveals that
a. drunkenness has always been acceptable in wine-drinking countries.
b. drunkenness and drinking have been equally condemned.
c. drunkenness has generally been acceptable in beer-drinking countries.
d. drunkenness has always been unacceptable except for special occasions.
Q:
What was the effect of the introduction of distilled alcoholic beverages into 18th century England?
a. All social classes dramatically increased consumption of the new alcoholic beverages.
b. Consumption of distilled spirits rapidly decreased among the lower classes because of cost.
c. Widespread consumption and drunkenness increased among the richest social class.
d. Intoxication increased dramatically among the lower and working classes.
Q:
Evaluate the dangers of passive smoking.
Q:
Do the reasons that people start smoking differ from the reasons that people continue to smoke?
Q:
Evaluate the statement, "Social pressure is the main reason why people start smoking."
Q:
How have U.S. smoking rates changed since 1964? Has this change been the same for all age and ethnic groups?
Q:
Women have an easier time quitting smoking than men.
Q:
Simply informing people of the risks of smoking can normally get most people to quit smoking.
Q:
Adolescents who use smokeless tobacco are not likely to begin smoking cigarettes.
Q:
Most teenage smokers recognize the dangers of smoking but attribute those dangers to others and not to themselves, a belief called an optimistic bias.
Q:
A middle-age woman who is 15 pounds over her desired weight (according to a measure
of body mass index) has a lower risk of heart disease than a middle-aged woman who smokes
two packs of cigarettes a day but is at her ideal weight.
Q:
Most young people who begin smoking believe that they will eventually quit.
Q:
Anti-smoking media campaigns are effective but pro-smoking media campaigns are more effective.
Q:
Genes have been identified that affect smoking behavior, mostly through the effect of genes on neurotransmitters in the brain.
Q:
There are more current female smokers than current male smokers.
Q:
Most young people who begin smoking have very little knowledge of the dangers of
smoking.
Q:
Cigarettes were often given away for free to soldiers during World War II.
Q:
College graduates are somewhat more likely to smoke than high school dropouts.
Q:
Currently, about 33% of the adult population of the United States smokes.
Q:
The addictive ingredient in tobacco smoke is nicotine.
Q:
In general, which lifestyle change would result in a longer extension of life?
a. eating a diet of no more than 10% of calories from saturated fat
b. quitting smoking
c. quitting drinking alcohol
d. beginning an exercise program
Q:
Long-time smokers who quit
a. reduce their chances of dying of heart disease much more quickly than they lower their risk of death from lung cancer.
b. reduce their chances of dying of lung cancer much more quickly than they lower their risk of death from heart disease.
c. reduce their risk of both lung cancer and heart disease at about the same rate.
d. increase their risk of heart disease but decrease their risk of dying of lung cancer.
Q:
Terrell has been a light smoker for 20 years. If he quits smoking, his mortality risk will
a. return to that of a nonsmoker in about two years.
b. return to that of a nonsmoker in about 16 years.
c. continue to match that of a moderate to heavy smoker.
d. become greater than that of a moderate to heavy smoker.
Q:
Jill, a 22-year-old college senior, wants to quit smoking, but she is worried that she will gain weight. What would you advise her to do?
a. Keep smoking but reduce her level to about one-half.
b. Adopt a low carbohydrate diet and then quit smoking.
c. Quit smoking but begin a regular exercise program.
d. Continue smoking because obesity is more dangerous than smoking.
Q:
Many smokers worry about weight gain if they quit smoking. Research suggests that
a. men are more concerned about weight gain than are women.
b. weight gain is a myth.
c. the average weight gain is modest.
d. the average weight gain is substantial, averaging more than 40 pounds.
Q:
Some ex-smokers "slip" and have one cigarette. Then, they equate this slip with a full relapse and resume smoking at their former rate. This phenomenon is called the
a. false relapse effect.
b. curious overload effect.
c. abstinence violation effect.
d. Hawthorne effect.
Q:
As many as 75% of individuals who try to quit smoking are smoking again within ________.
a. two days
b. one week
c. three months
d. six months
Q:
As many as two thirds of individuals who try to quit smoking on their own relapse after _______.
a. two days
b. one week
c. three months
d. six months
Q:
In comparing who quits smoking to who does not quit smoking, all of the following are correct EXCEPT:
a. men quit smoking more than women
b. young people quit smoking more than old people
c. highly educated people quit smoking more than lower educated people
d. all of the above are correct.
Q:
A systematic view of studies on smoke-free workplaces indicate that this strategy
a. reduces the number of cigarettes workers smoke
b. decreases the prevalence of smoking
c. decreases worker satisfaction
d. both a and b
Q:
If physicians give _______, then smokers are more likely to attempt to quit.
a. information on the dangers of smoking
b. information on the rates of success in quitting
c. information on how to quit
d. both a and b
Q:
_______ may help smokers move from the precontemplation stage to the contemplation stage.
a. Pharmacological treatments
b. Motivational interviewing
c. Cognitive-behavioral therapy
d. Information about the dangers of smoking
Q:
Pharmacological approaches have largely been shown to be effective in helping smokers quit except for
a. female smokers.
b. male smokers.
c. adolescent smokers.
d. elderly smokers.
Q:
Quitting smoking on one's own is possible, and one study found that more than _____ of smokers trying to quit were successful.
a. 40%
b. 50%
c. 60%
d. 70%
Q:
In the US, about ______ of smokers try to quit each year.
a. 20%
b. 44%
c. 64%
d. 90%
Q:
Smokers who are most likely to quit are
a. women.
b. those who have support from their therapists and their families.
c. those who have been diagnosed with heart disease or cancer.
d. unmarried and have few social ties.
Q:
More intensive cessation programs are more expensive; research indicates that
a. the expense is worth itsuch programs are more effective.
b. the expense is not worth itsuch programs are no more effective than less expensive ones.
c. nicotine replacement is more effective than programs with many components.
d. relapse was not a problem for those who participated in an intensive program.
Q:
Helen wants to quit smoking and asks you for advice. You should tell her
a. that the best results come from programs that includes practitioner support, counseling, and nicotine replacement therapy.
b. to continue to smoke but cut down to decrease her risk and so that she won't gain weight.
c. to seek a trained hypnotist who can help her through hypnosis.
d. to find a therapist who will use shock therapy.
Q:
David says that he wants to quit smoking and is considering using nicotine replacement to help him quit. What is your advice to him?
a. He should not need any help in quitting; just quit.
b. Nicotine replacement therapy is not very effective; save his money.
c. Nicotine replacement therapy can help people stop smoking; give it a try.
d. Try chewing regular gum rather than the nicotine replacement gum.
Q:
A systematic review of nicotine replacement therapy indicated that this approach is
a. more effective than a placebo.
b. less effective than a placebo.
c. about as effective as a placebo.
d. more effective after 4 years than after 3 months.
Q:
Most people who successfully quit smoking cigarettes do so
a. on their own.
b. through the use of hypnosis.
c. by switching to cigars or pipes.
d. by joining Smokers Anonymous.
Q:
Programs that provide adolescents with information about the risks of smoking
a. deter smoking for older teenagers but not for younger ones.
b. are more successful than programs for smoking cessation.
c. are effective if the messages include graphic images of diseased lungs.
d. have little effect because adolescents do not listen to health warnings.
Q:
In trying to prevent people from smoking, educational programs such as lectures and government pamphlets
a. are not very effective.
b. generate positive feelings toward smoking.
c. are more effective than inoculation programs.
d. are more effective with college students than with junior high school students.
Q:
The use of smokeless tobacco
a. carries about the same risks for lung cancer as does cigarette smoking.
b. carries about the same risks for heart disease as does cigarette smoking.
c. is similar to cigarette smoking in terms of onset, patterns of use, social influences, and attempts to quit.
d. is similar to cigarette smoking in terms of gender and age of users.
Q:
In general, which group of people suffers more respiratory diseases from exposure to secondhand smoke?
a. adult men
b. adult women
c. older parents of smoking children
d. young children of smoking parents
Q:
_________ suffer the most health problems from passive smoking.
a. Children
b. Adolescents
c. Young adults
d. Middle-age adults
Q:
Long-time employees of one or more of the "5 B's" (bars, bowling alleys, bingo parlors, betting establishments, and billiard halls)
a. have as much as an 18 times greater nicotine concentration than do other workers.
b. have an 11 times greater incidence of lung cancer than do other workers.
c. both a and b.
d. neither a nor b.
Q:
Which of the following has the highest death toll from passive smoking?
a. lung cancer
b. breast cancer
c. heart disease
d. pneumonia
Q:
Heavy cigarette smoking decreases life expectancy by ______ years.
a. 2.1
b. 4.7
c. 8.8
d. 15.2
Q:
Men who smoke cigars or pipes have a _____ relative risk of dying from cancer compared to nonsmokers.
a. 5.0
b. 15.8
c. 23.3
d. 50.0
Q:
Men who smoke cigarettes have a _____ relative risk of dying from cancer compared to nonsmokers.
a. 5.0
b. 15.8
c. 23.3
d. 50.0
Q:
______ is the second leading cause of death in the US but the leading cause of smoking-related deaths.
a. Cardiovascular disease
b. Cancer
c. Chronic lower respiratory disease
d. Mental illness
Q:
________ is the deadliest behavior in the history of the United States.
a. Drunk Driving
b. Cigarette smoking
c. Illegal drug use
d. Homicide
Q:
In general, research on the health effects of environmental tobacco smoke (passive smoking) has found that passive smoking
a. may slightly increase people's risk for lung cancer.
b. neither increases nor decreases people's risk for lung cancer.
c. lowers people's risk for lung cancer.
d. doubles people's risk for lung cancer.
Q:
Which of these is NOT a frequent result of cigarette smoking?
a. periodontal disease
b. poorer balance
c. attractive physical appearance
d. ovarian cysts