Q&A Hero

Q: Discuss how the study of diet and nutrition can provide information on societal differentiation. Use examples to illustrate your arguments.

Q: Compare and contrast the different strategies that leaders used to legitimate their positions of power in two Old World states.

Q: Recent anthropological findings suggest that hunters and gatherers have ___ leisure time than (as) farmers. A. more B. slightly less C. much less D. the same amount of

Q: Ester Boserup has argued that __________ spurs technological change and increased food production. A. population pressure B. political change C. population decline D. warfare

Q: The argument that expanded food supply makes population growth possible is most closely associated with A. Thomas Malthus. B. Ester Boserup. C. Karl Wittfogel. D. Marshall Sahlins.

Q: Kingship at which of the following centers was most similar to that of the Classic Maya in Mesoamerica? A. Angkor B. Harappa C. Eridu D. Jenn-jeno E. Great Zimbabwe

Q: Which of these civilizations is NOT known for its lavish funerary rituals? A. Ur B. Qin C. Old Kindgom Egypt D. Angkor E. Harappan

Q: Great Zimbabwe is NOT associated with A. a diverse array of trade goods. B. massive stone structures and enclosures. C. the use of Egyptian script. D. skilled metalwork.

Q: Which of the following were important in the rise of Great Zimbabwe? A. its seizure of the gold trade and control of exchange routes to the east African coast B. military defeats of its nearest rivals C. surplus production of agricultural resources D. it's diplomatic alliance with the pharaohs of Egypt

Q: The economy at Angkor was based on surplus ____ agriculture. A. rice B. maize C. millet D. wheat E. sorghum

Q: Hierakonpolis is located A. in the Nile River valley. B. in the Indus Valley. C. on the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. D. on the Yellow River.

Q: The Narmer palette records A. the conquest of Sumer. B. the exodus of Moses. C. the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt. D. the conquest of Nubia.

Q: Early Egyptian writing tended to be concerned with A. economic transactions. B. political/dynastic events. C. divination. D. architectural planning.

Q: Compared to Mesopotamia, ancient Egyptian society A. was more urban (more and larger cities). B. had fewer major centers. C. had a writing system more focused on economy and accounting. D. had little concern with funerary ritual.

Q: Compared to Mesoamerica, pyramids in Old Kingdom Egypt were NOT A. constructed in fewer building episodes. B. meant to be ascended. C. larger. D. used as royal tombs.

Q: Western introductions into ancient China included A. the written script and scapulimancy. B. millet and pigs. C. wheat and the horse-drawn chariot. D. ceramics and dogs.

Q: The first metal used in West Africa was A. copper. B. bronze. C. iron. D. tin.

Q: According to Zhou texts, a primary symbol of the Chinese state was A. a cooking vessel. B. the ruler's sword. C. the ruler's helmet. D. the chopstick.

Q: The Zhou period in China was marked by all of the following except A. large, dense urban centers. B. iron casting. C. a series of devastating earthquakes. D. wet rice agriculture

Q: Which of the following is NOT true about Jenn-jeno? A. With the development of regional trade networks, Jenn-jeno became an important market center. B. Jenn-jeno was an important center of salt production. C. Blacksmiths and coppersmiths at Jenn-jeno worked iron ore and copper that was obtained through exchange. D. Potters at Jenn-jeno made significant quantities of well-made ceramics decorated with twine impressions.

Q: The earliest large state in southern Africa was A. Great Zimbabwe. B. Mapungubwe. C. Jenn-jeno. D. Bambandyanalo. E. Hierakonpolis.

Q: Bullae are A. large storage facilities that were associated with temples. B. supernatural Egyptian creatures that are part bull and part human. C. hollow clay spheres. D. geometrically shaped clay tokens. E. Mesopotamian tombs.

Q: Mesopotamian cuneiform has its roots in a system of clay tokens that dates back to A. the Upper Paleolithic. B. the ninth millennium B.C. C. the fourth millennium B.C. D. 1500 B.C.

Q: The Harappan civilization was characterized by all of the following except A. a written script found on soapstone seals. B. a standardized system of weights. C. planned settlements with streets and drains. D. highly developed craft industries. E. beautifully colored murals depicting scenes of harvest and worship.

Q: Compared to ancient Mesopotamia, Indus civilization was characterized by A. many more urban centers. B. lavish centers. C. more developed writing system with longer and more numerous texts. D. a somewhat more even distribution of portable resources across social strata.

Q: Which of the following characteristics of modern India does NOT have roots back to the Harappan civilization? A. ceremonial bathing B. the use of decorative bangles C. the drinking of tea D. crossed-leg posture

Q: The city of __________ in southern Pakistan is one of the earliest cities in South Asia with evidence for baked brick buildings and drainage systems. A. Mohenjo-daro B. An-yang C. Uruk D. Gujarat E. Jenn-jeno

Q: Which of the following traits is NOT an important precondition for the development of urban state societies? A. agricultural diversity B. technological capabilities C. trade and exchange networks D. writing systems

Q: As early cities developed in different parts of the world, people often developed writing systems. In Mesopotamia, the earliest writing system was used primarily for A. ritual purposes. B. literary works. C. accounting purposes. D. the recording of dynastic histories.

Q: The first cities were established in A. Mesopotamia. B. Mesoamerica. C. China. D. Egypt. E. Southeast Asia.

Q: Eridu is significant because it was the site of A. the world's first city of more than 10,000 people. B. an early Mesopotamian temple. C. the longest cuneiform written text. D. a decisive battle between Natufian farmers and Sumer chiefs.

Q: Mesopotamian temples were generally associated with A. large storage facilities. B. major markets. C. obsidian blade production. D. kilns for ceramic firing.

Q: Key features of the Ubaid period in southern Mesopotamia were A. large urban settlements and the establishment of the earliest states. B. the development of the temple institution and the spread of canal irrigation. C. beveled-rim bowls and other mold-made pottery vessels. D. the world's earliest known written documents.

Q: During the second and third millennia B.C., the inhabitants of Mesopotamia were A. dominated by a single empire centered at Uruk. B. dependent on a diet of millet and pig. C. practitioners of scapulimancy. D. subdivided politically into a series of city-states.

Q: How would you interpret the Chav'n Horizon? What differences and similarities do you see with the Olmec Horizon?

Q: What is the mit'a system? Do you think this system had antecedents in earlier South American polities?

Q: An Andean recording device that uses knotted strings in a positional decimal system is called a A. quipu. B. tampu. C. huaca. D. shicra. E. waranqa.

Q: The site of Hunuco Pampa included A. a huge marketplace. B. the "Great Image." C. extensive storage facilities. D. what appears to have been a brothel.

Q: Which craft item was most central to the workings of the Inca polity? A. pottery B. cloth C. stone tools D. quipu.

Q: The individuals buried in the pyramid at Sipn appear to have been key participants in the A. Inca conquest. B. creation of Nazca geoglyphs. C. Sacrifice Ceremony. D. mit'a.

Q: Which of the following was not an Inca site? A. Machu Picchu B. Cuzco C. Hunuco Pampa D. Sipn

Q: Discuss two strategies promoted by the Inca rulers to integrate and consolidate their political domain.

Q: Discuss differences in the exchange systems that characterized later prehispanic polities in Middle and South America.

Q: Llamas generally carry loads that weigh up to ___ pounds. A. 50 B. 100 C. 200 D. 500

Q: The Inca road system A. was constructed for wheeled vehicles. B. included suspension bridges. C. spanned more than 100,000 km. D. was restricted to royal caravans.

Q: Tawantinsuyu, the Inca empire, literally refers to the A. Land of Opportunity. B. Land of 4 Seasons. C. Land of 4 Quarters. D. Land of Llamas.

Q: The Inca road system did all of the following except A. charge tolls for carts and other wheeled vehicles. B. include suspension bridges. C. cross deserts and mountains. D. involve networks of roadside lodgings and storage places.

Q: The Inca quipu was used for A. the roadside storage of food. B. cooking maize beer. C. numerical recording and calculation. D. the construction of suspension bridges.

Q: Where would you expect to find the best archaeological preservation for ancient textiles? A. the Peruvian coast B. the montaa C. Amazonia D. highland Andean open-air sites

Q: At El Para'so, the diet included all of the following except A. shellfish. B. starchy tropical tubers. C. domesticated squash. D. birds and small mammals. E. Chilean sea bass.

Q: The art at Chav'n de Huantar includes A. polychrome vases fashioned on the pottery wheel. B. carved stone slabs covered with written texts. C. anthropomorphic figures that combine the features of different animal forms. D. posed human figures closely resembling those found in ancient Greece.

Q: Raised fields have been found in the vicinity of A. Tiwanaku. B. El Para'so. C. Moche. D. Machu Picchu

Q: Chan Chan covered approximately A. 5 sq km. B. 10 sq km. C. 20 sq km. D. 30 sq km.

Q: Each ciudadela at Chan Chan contained a A. raised field. B. carved stone. C. burial platform. D. llama burial.

Q: The Inca capital was A. Sipn. B. Hunuco Pampa. C. Machu Picchu. D. Cuzco. E. Chan Chan.

Q: Compared to the market at Tenochtitln-Tlatelolco, the market at Cuzco was A. large with a more diverse array of products. B. small and peripherally located. C. known for the greater abundance of cacao, which was used as a currency. D. described in more detail by the Spanish.

Q: Huaca del Sol is A. an Inca administrative center. B. a Moche deity often represented on pottery. C. a Late Horizon site noted for its finely cut and coursed masonry. D. a Tiwanaku outpost located on the South coast of Peru. E. a huge adobe brick pyramid dating to Moche times.

Q: Which of the following pairs can be said to be roughly contemporary? A. Chav'n and Chim B. Nazca and Inca C. Nazca and Chim D. Moche and Nazca E. Inca and Chav'n

Q: The capital of the Chim (Kingdom of Chimor) was A. Wari. B. Chan Chan. C. Tiwanaku. D. Cuzco.

Q: Besides participating in the production of food for the subsistence of his kin group, adults had to perform a certain amount of labor for the Moche state. The labor tribute was called the A. mit'a. B. bulla. C. vita. D. mitmaq.

Q: The largest empire in the Americas, in terms of population and area under its control, was A. the Aztec empire. B. the Sumerian empire. C. the Chim empire. D. the Inca empire.

Q: At European contact, the largest empire in the Americas was situated in A. the Andes. B. highland Mesoamerica. C. the Petn. D. the Amazon Basin.

Q: Which of the following were domesticated in South America? A. turkey and dog B. sheep and goat C. guinea pig and llama D. horse and cat

Q: Discuss diachronic changes in the nature of nonresidential features and architecture in the Valley of Oaxaca.

Q: The emergence of hierarchical societies with monumental constructions on the dry Pacific coast of Peru A. occurred soon after the development of pottery. B. preceded the advent of pottery making in western South America. C. rapidly spurred the development of highly decorated ceramic forms. D. was contemporary with the advent of pottery in western South America.

Q: San Jos Mogote was situated A. on the Gulf Coast. B. in the Basin of Mexico. C. in the Petn. D. in the Valley of Oaxaca.

Q: Three Gulf Coast sites were A. San Lorenzo, La Venta, and Tres Zapotes. B. Tikal, Palenque, and Copn. C. El Mirador, San Jos Mogote, and Monte Albn. D. Teotihuacn, Tenochtitln, and Cuicuilco.

Q: To date, no ball court is known from the site of A. Chichn Itz. B. Monte Albn. C. Tenochtitln. D. Teotihuacn.

Q: The principal theme of Maya inscriptions on carved stone monuments appears to have been A. accounting. B. political/dynastic. C. foretelling the future. D. keeping track of time.

Q: Although exchange linked most Mesoamerican cities with their hinterland, marketing has an especially crucial role at A. Teotihuacn. B. Tenochtitln. C. Monte Albn. D. San Lorenzo

Q: Mural art at Teotihuacn A. glorified past rulers. B. depicted ritual feasts and offerings. C. portrayed major military battles. D. helped predict eclipses.

Q: The Mesoamerican group with the most and longest written inscriptions are the A. Maya. B. Aztec. C. Olmec. D. Zapotec. E. Mexica.

Q: Discuss and evaluate the different views of Aztec human sacrifice and cannibalism.

Q: Discuss the different residential patterns at Monte Albn and Teotihuacn and what interpretations can be drawn from them.

Q: Prior to the establishment of Monte Albn, the largest site in the Valley of Oaxaca with a danzante was A. San Jos Mogote. B. Cuicuilco. C. San Lorenzo. D. Tikal.

Q: The Aztec pochteca were specialists in A. religion. B. long-distance exchange. C. human sacrifice. D. chinampa farming.

Q: The dietary trinity of Mesoamerica consisted of A. maize, beans, and squash. B. potatoes, lima beans, and chili. C. wheat, barley, and lentils. D. acorn, mesquite pods, and maguey.

Q: Giant stone columns of warriors were found at which site: A. Teotihuacn B. Tenochtitln C. Tlatilolco D. Tula

Q: The study of the distribution of ancient communities on a landscape falls under the domain of A. stratigraphic excavation. B. provenience. C. physical anthropology. D. settlement pattern analysis.

Q: Which is true of Monte Albn? A. It had more temples than any other prehispanic Mesoamerican site. B. It had a residential pattern of houses built on terraces. C. It had several large round temples. D. The first chinampas are found there. E. It was founded by peoples from Teotihuacn.