Q&A Hero

Q: _____ refers to the ability to recognize and understand patterns and relationships in a problem and use this understanding to solve other instances of the problem. A. Spatial orientation B. Inductive reasoning C. Verbal comprehension D.

Q: _____ refers to the ability to quickly and accurately make simple discriminations in visual stimuli. A. Spatial orientation B. Inductive reasoning C. Perceptual speed D.

Q: A participant in a study was asked to memorize a list of words and then try to recall as many as possible. This exercise was designed to test the participants _____. A. muscle memory B. implicit memory C. verbal memory D.

Q: _____ refers to the ability to encode and recall meaningful language units, such as a list of words. A. Spatial orientation B. Inductive reasoning C. Implicit memory D.

Q: John Horn maintains that in middle adulthood, _____ intelligence continues to increase. A. fluid B. semantic C. crystallized D.

Q: According to John Horn, _____ steadily declines from middle adulthood onward. A. fluid intelligence B. crystallized intelligence C. verbal memory D.

Q: Identify a possible reason for the changes in fluid and crystallized intelligence of different age groups in John Horn's cross-sectional study. A. Secular trends B. Cohort effects C. Declining IQ with age D.

Q: Which of the following is TRUE of the Seattle Longitudinal Study? A. It involves extensive evaluation of sexual abilities during adulthood. B. It was initiated by John Horn. C. Participants have been assessed in two-year intervals since 1985. D.

Q: The Seattle Longitudinal Study concluded that middle age is a time of: A. peak performance for verbal ability. B. great decline for inductive reasoning. C. moderate decline for spatial abilities. D.

Q: _____ refers to the ability to understand ideas expressed in words. A. Verbal comprehension B. Verbal memory C. Implicit memory D.

Q: In a Canadian study of 40- to 64-year-olds conducted by Wright in 2006, only _____ percent reported that their sexual life was less satisfying than it had been when they were in their twenties. A. 70 B. 50 C. 40 D.

Q: According to studies, which of the following is one of the most common sexual problems of older men? A. Premature ejaculation B. Partner non-cooperation C. Lack of foreplay D.

Q: According to studies, which of the following is one of the most common sexual problems of older women? A. Lack of foreplay B. Lack of sexual interest C. Partner non-cooperation D.

Q: Fluid intelligence is the ability to: A. reason abstractly. B. recall information. C. accumulate information. D.

Q: Crystallized intelligence is: A. an individual's ability to reason abstractly. B. an individual's accumulated information and verbal skills. C. an individual's ability to think hypothetically. D.

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that could be related to erectile problems in middle-aged men? A. Smoking B. Diabetes C. Excessive sexual activity D.

Q: Treatment for men with erectile dysfunction has focused on Viagra and similar drugs, such as: A. Rogaine and Prozac. B. Levitra and Cialis. C. Oxycodone and Prozac. D.

Q: Which of the following observations regarding sexual attitudes and behaviors of middle-aged women is FALSE? A. Masturbation increased in early perimenopause B. Masturbation declined in postmenopause C. Menopausal transition was linked to changes in sexual arousal D.

Q: The gradual decline in men's testosterone levels in middle age can reduce their _____. A. lung capacity B. sexual drive C. infertility D.

Q: Which of the following is at fault in many erectile problems in middle-aged men? A. Diabetes B. Low blood pressure C. Low level of NK cells D.

Q: Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with menopause? A. Nausea B. Fatigue C. Hot flashes D.

Q: In menopause, production of _____ by the ovaries declines dramatically. A. testosterone B. estrogen C. adrenaline D.

Q: Lillian is 50 years old. Her doctor has noticed a sharp decrease in her estrogen levels, and Lillian is complaining of nausea and fatigue. Based on these symptoms, what could be her initial diagnosis? A. She has hyperthyroidism. B. She is going through menopause. C. She is going through postpartum depression. D.

Q: Why is menopause an important marker for women? A. It signals the loss of active sexual life for most women. B. They have to make final decisions about having children. C. They are at greater risk of contracting infectious diseases. D.

Q: A study of HRT's effects was halted as evidence emerged that participants who were receiving HRT faced an increased risk of _____. A. lung disease B. cancer C. stroke D.

Q: Which of the following types of hormones is most commonly administered during hormone replacement therapy? A. Estrogen B. Testosterone C. Follicle stimulating hormone D.

Q: _____ is a term that is used to describe the midlife transition in which fertility declines. A. Puberty B. Menarche C. Spermarche D.

Q: A girl's first menstruation is called _____. A. demarche B. menarche C. menopause D.

Q: Which of the following statements about menopause is NOT true? A. The age at which menopause occurs has increased dramatically in recent years. B. There is no correlation between the onset of menarche and the onset of menopause. C. Perimenopause can take up to ten years. D.

Q: Which of the following statements about the onset of menarche and menopause is TRUE? A. The timing of menarche has significantly decreased in the twentieth century. B. The average age at which U.S. women have their last period is 61. C. Women who reported early menarche were prone to have earlier menopause. D.

Q: _____ is the transitional period from normal menstrual periods to no menstrual periods at all. A. Postmenopause B. Postmenarche C. Perimenopause D.

Q: Margie Lachman and her colleagues argue that having a _____ is one of the most important modifiable factors in delaying the onset of diseases in middle adulthood and reducing the frequency of diseases in late adulthood. A. high body mass index B. sense of control in middle age C. low calorie diet in middle adulthood D.

Q: _____ was the main cause of death in the United States until the middle of the twentieth century. A. Infectious disease B. Accident C. Chronic disease D.

Q: At present, the main causes of death in middle adulthood in the United States are: A. infectious diseases. B. accidents. C. chronic diseases. D.

Q: Which of the following is TRUE about the immune system and stress? A. NK cells are a type of white blood cell that is more likely to be present in high stress circumstances. B. Higher levels of NK cells in stressful situations indicate a weakened immune system. C. Immune system functioning increases with normal aging. D.

Q: Which of the following statements is TRUE about the role of stress on the human immune system? A. Chronic stress predominantly decelerates pancreatic cancer growth. B. Chronic stressors are usually linked to a downturn in immune system functioning. C. Stress can result in reduction of corticosteroids such as cortisol. D.

Q: Which of the following statements is TRUE about mortality rates in United States and the world? A. The least number of deaths in the twentieth century were caused due to infectious diseases. B. The rates of chronic disorders have decreased and the rate of infectious disease have increased. C. In old age, many deaths are caused by a single, readily identifiable condition. D.

Q: Which of the following is an example of a nonfatal chronic disorder? A. Stroke B. Bursitis C. Cancer D.

Q: Compared to men, women have a higher incidence of _____ during middle age. A. arthritis B. hypertension C. stroke D.

Q: The type of white blood cell that is more likely to be present in low-stress circumstances are _____. A. plasma cells B. NK cells C. lymphocytes D.

Q: Which of the following statements regarding the immune system is TRUE? A. Its machinery consists of billions of red blood cells. B. When a person is under stress, the levels of bacteria and viruses drop dramatically. C. Lower levels of NK cells in stressful situations indicate a weakened immune system. D.

Q: Which of the following are prematurely aging cells that result from persistent immune activation? A. NK cells B. red blood cells C. B lymphocytes D.

Q: Sleep problems in middle-aged adults have been associated with all of the following EXCEPT: A. usage of prescription drugs. B. obesity. C. single parenting. D.

Q: Which of the following is typical of the health condition during early and late middle age? A. Frequency of accidents increases B. Susceptibility to colds and allergies decreases C. Wakeful periods during sleep decrease D.

Q: Which of the following statements is TRUE about chronic conditions? A. Women have a higher incidence of fatal chronic conditions in middle age. B. Men have a higher incidence of nonfatal chronic conditions in middle age. C. Hypertension is the leading chronic disorder in early adulthood. D.

Q: Which of the following are the most common chronic disorders for men during middle age? A. Cancer, heart disease, and stroke B. Arthritis, bursitis, and varicose veins C. Hearing and vision impairments D.

Q: Which of the following is an example of a fatal chronic disorder? A. Varicose veins B. Bursitis C. Arthritis D.

Q: Compared to men, women have a higher incidence of _____ disorders during middle adulthood. A. genetic B. fatal chronic C. nonfatal chronic D.

Q: Which of the following statements is TRUE about lung capacity in middle age? A. There is significant change in lung capacity through most of middle adulthood. B. In late middle age, the proteins in lung tissue become more elastic. C. Stiffening of the chest wall decreases the lungs' capacity to shuttle oxygen. D.

Q: What is the most common change in sleep patterns of adults during middle age? A. Sleep-disordered breathing becomes less prevalent. B. Wakeful periods become less frequent during the night. C. The total number of hours slept dramatically increases. D.

Q: Individuals with metabolic syndrome who _____ reduced their risk of developing cardiovascular disease. A. maintained a high blood glucose level B. were physically active C. maintained a high LDL level D.

Q: Which of the following statements is TRUE about metabolic syndrome? A. Weight loss and exercise are strongly recommended as part of the treatment of metabolic syndrome. B. Metabolic syndrome usually reduces any risk of diabetes or any other cardiovascular disease. C. Metabolic syndrome often leads to anorexia nervosa. D.

Q: Which of the following statements is TRUE about cholesterol levels in humans? A. High-density cholesterol leads to the hardening of the arteries when its level increases and sticks to the lining of the blood vessels. B. Low-density cholesterol is referred to as good cholesterol as the risk of cardiovascular disease reduces. C. High-density cholesterol is referred to as bad cholesterol as the risk of cardiovascular disease increases when low-density cholesterol is high. D.

Q: HDL is often referred to as _____ cholesterol. A. "good" B. "simple" C. "bad" D.

Q: Which of the following statements about cardiovascular disease is TRUE? A. When HDL is high and LDL is low, the risk of cardiovascular disease is lessened. B. When HDL is high and LDL is low, the risk of cardiovascular disease is increased. C. When HDL is low and LDL is high, the risk of cardiovascular disease is lessened. D.

Q: Hardening of the arteries is known as _____. A. arteriosclerosis B. osteoporosis C. multiple sclerosis D.

Q: Silas is a man who is in his late seventies. He has a condition characterized by hypertension, obesity, and insulin resistance. This is otherwise known as: A. diabetic neuropathy. B. metabolic syndrome. C. internal atrophy. D.

Q: Landon has a metabolic syndrome. His doctor is concerned because in many patients this leads to: A. arteriosclerosis and cirrhosis of the liver. B. pancreatic cancer and fatty liver. C. irritable bowel syndrome and gastric ulcers. D.

Q: During middle age, the ability to hear _____ sounds declines first. A. low-pitched B. high-volume C. high-pitched D.

Q: Sensitivity to _____ sounds usually declines first among _____. A. high-pitched; women B. high-pitched; men C. low-pitched; women D.

Q: Cholesterol comes in two forms _____ and HDL. A. LDL B. BDL C. GAL D.

Q: LDL is often referred to as _____ cholesterol. A. "simple" B. "good" C. "bad" D.

Q: Why is LDL referred to as "bad" cholesterol? A. It increases the risk of breast cancer. B. High levels of LDL cause atherosclerosis. C. It accelerates the process of aging. D.

Q: Which of the following is the result of reduced blood supply to the eye in the fifties and sixties? A. An increase in accommodation of the eye B. An increase in the eye's blind spot C. An increase in the visual field's size D.

Q: At 60 years of age, the retina receives only _____ as much light as it did at 20 years of age. A. two-third B. one-fourth C. half D.

Q: Which of the following is a reason for the reduction in light received by the retina during middle adulthood? A. An increase in the size of the iris B. An increase in blood supply to the eye C. Reduced size of the pupil D.

Q: Which of the following is most typical of the vision-related issues faced by middle-aged individuals? A. Difficulty viewing moving objects B. Difficulty viewing objects on the background C. Difficulty viewing close objects D.

Q: Which of the following is an outcome of the reduced blood supply to the eye during late middle-age? A. Decrease in the visual field's size B. Decrease in the eye's blind spot C. Formation of wrinkles under the eyes D.

Q: Which of the following statements about the changes in bone mass and density is TRUE? A. The loss of bone is faster for men than it is for women. B. By the end of early adulthood, bones break more easily and heal more slowly. C. Peak functioning of the body's joints occurs in the sixties. D.

Q: Which of the following statements about bone and joint functioning is TRUE? A. Peak functioning of the body's joints usually occurs in the thirties. B. By the end of midlife, bones break more easily and heal more slowly. C. Maximum bone density occurs by the mid- to late-twenties. D.

Q: The ability to focus and maintain an image on the retina is referred to as _____ of the eye. A. muscle integrity B. focal power C. visual acuity D.

Q: Accommodation of the eye experiences its sharpest decline between: A. 20 and 29 years of age. B. 60 and 79 years of age. C. 40 and 59 years of age. D.

Q: Which of the following is most likely to cause difficulty for a middle-aged adult without glasses? A. Reading a newspaper B. Watching TV C. Reading an eye chart 20 feet away D.

Q: Which of the following is the reason for the decrease in height with age advancement? A. Brittleness of bones of the limbs B. Increase in weight C. A stooping posture D.

Q: On average, body fat accounts for about _____ of body weight in middle age. A. 5 percent B. 10 percent C. 20 percent D.

Q: The term _____ is given to age-related loss of muscle mass and strength. A. sarcoma B. osteopenia C. osteoporosis D.

Q: Age-related loss of muscle strength is especially marked in: A. the upper arms. B. the back and legs. C. the jaw and face. D.

Q: A man in his mid-forties is most likely to notice: A. increased strength in his upper arms. B. sensitivity to high-pitched sounds. C. joint stiffness. D.

Q: Which of the following statements about bone density is TRUE? A. Maximum bone density occurs in late adolescence. B. Maximum bone density occurs by the mid- to late thirties. C. Peak functioning of the body's joints occurs in the fifties. D.

Q: Compared to middle age, which of the following BEST describes late middle age for many individuals? A. Health problems start to decline B. Losses may begin to outnumber gains C. Life-changes decrease: the path is relatively fixed D.