Q&A Hero

Q: The critical-period hypothesis could explain: A. why homosexuals seem to be aroused by the same types of tactile stimulation as heterosexuals. B. how sexual orientation is mostly a product of culture and life experiences. C. why some clinicians consider homosexuality the product of an abnormality of the brain. D.

Q: Which of the following statements is true about sexual activity in emerging adulthood? A. Surveys usually indicate that slightly less than 10 percent of individuals have experienced sexual intercourse at the beginning of emerging adulthood (age 18). B. According to Lefkowitz & Gillen, emerging adulthood is a time frame during which most individuals are unmarried but are hardly sexually active. C. Most individuals have had sexual intercourse by the end of emerging adulthood (age 25). D.

Q: Which of the following is the average age of marriage for males in the United States? A. 30 B. 28 C. 26 D.

Q: Emerging adulthood is a time frame during which most individuals are: A. in exclusive relationships and married. B. abstaining from sex and unmarried. C. sexually active and unmarried. D.

Q: Which of the following is included in the patterns of heterosexual behavior for males and females in emerging adulthood? A. Emerging adults are less likely than young adults to have had sexual intercourse with two or more individuals. B. Males report being more selective about their sexual partners than females. C. Casual sex is more common in emerging adulthood than in young adulthood. D.

Q: Which of the following statements accurately reflects a key finding from the 1994 "Sex in America" survey? A. Most Americans have sex twice a week or more. B. Married and cohabiting couples have sex more often than noncohabiting couples. C. Most men and women have always remained faithful to their partners and have avoided any adulterous relationship. D.

Q: Marie is reluctant to marry because she is worried that her husband might cheat on her. You would tell her that adultery is: A. widespread in the U.S. B. a problem in almost half the marriages in the U.S. C. clearly the exception rather than the rule. D.

Q: There is a "one-third rule'' for alcoholism: By age 65, one-third are dead or in terrible shape, one-third are abstinent or drinking socially, and one-third are _____. A. holding out against treatment B. still trying to beat their addiction C. resigned to alcoholism D.

Q: Which of the following is true about cigarette smoking? A. Children of smokers are at special risk for respiratory and middle-ear diseases. B. More people smoke today than in the past. C. A small percentage of all living adults who have ever smoked have quit. D.

Q: Which of the following is the active drug in cigarettes? A. Leptin B. Barbiturate C. Nicotine D.

Q: Nicotine is a _____. A. depressant B. stimulant C. narcotic D.

Q: _____ stimulates neurotransmitters (especially dopamine) that have a calming or pain-reducing effect. A. Barbiturate B. Amphetamine C. Leptin D.

Q: Which of the following statements is true about drinking? A. Pregaming is most rare among college students. B. Binge drinking usually peaks about 28 to 29 years of age. C. Chronic binge drinking is less common among those college students who live in fraternity houses. D.

Q: Kendra has a few shots of vodka before going out to attend her annual college party. Kendra has engaged in _____. A. boot and rally B. high-risk drinking C. extreme binge drinking D.

Q: Which of the following statements is TRUE about alcoholism? A. There is absence of any genetic influence on alcoholism. B. Family studies reveal a low frequency of alcoholism in the first-degree relatives of alcoholics. C. One in nine who drink is most likely to become alcoholic. D.

Q: An estimated _____ percent of individuals who become alcoholics are believed to have a genetic predisposition for it. A. 10 to 20 B. 50 to 60 C. 30 to 40 D.

Q: Orthodox Jews and Mormons have especially low rates of alcohol use, underscoring the: A. environment's role in alcoholism. B. role of genes in alcoholism. C. fact that alcoholism is largely inherited. D.

Q: According to a longitudinal study by Jerald Bachman and his colleagues, by the time individuals reach their mid-twenties, _____ their use of alcohol and drugs. A. many would have reduced B. most would have increased C. almost all would have ceased D.

Q: According to the Institute of Social Research, which of the following describes extreme binge drinking? A. About eight drinks a week B. About five drinks a week C. Ten or more drinks in a row D.

Q: Binge drinking peaks at about: A. 16 to 18 years of age. B. 21 to 22 years of age. C. 17 to 19 years of age. D.

Q: Regular binge drinking can change blood flow, and it can be a precursor for developing _____, which refers to hardening of the arteries. A. gonorrhea. B. syphilis. C. atherosclerosis. D.

Q: Which of the following statements is true about nicotine? A. It is a depressant that stimulates neurotransmitters that have a calming or pain-reducing effect. B. It increases the smokers energy and alertness. C. It deprives the smoker a pleasurable and reinforcing experience. D.

Q: Sustained exercises such as jogging or swimming that stimulate heart and lung activity are known as: A. calisthenics. B. strength training. C. flexibility exercises. D.

Q: Which of the following statements about the benefits of exercise is TRUE? A. About 50 percent of adults get the recommended levels of physical activity. B. Exercise can be as effective in reducing depression as psychotherapy. C. Only intense physical activities will produce important physical gains. D.

Q: Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between exercise and screen time? A. Linking obesity with heavy TV viewing is a popular myth and lacks scientific proof. B. Heavy screen time spent only on the internet is usually harmless to the individual. C. Viewing six hours of TV in a day is most likely to reduce life expectancy by nearly 5 years in contrast to those who watch no TV. D.

Q: Ramona is a college student who is concerned about her diabetes. Which of the following aerobic exercise is the doctor most likely to recommend? A. Weight lifting. B. Sprinting. C. Bodybuilding. D.

Q: Which of the following is NOT a strategy for building exercise into one's life? A. Reduce TV time B. Avoid tracking your progress too closely C. Imagine the alternative D.

Q: _____ refers to a behavior pattern characterized by an overwhelming involvement with a drug and a preoccupation with securing its supply. A. Abuse B. Dependence C. Attachment D.

Q: The obesity rate has dramatically increased in the United States since 1900. This dramatic increase in obesity is likely due to all of the following, EXCEPT: A. greater availability of food. B. greater availability of energy-saving devices. C. marked changes in the human genome. D.

Q: What can be said of the prevalence of obesity in United States and the world? A. Prevalence of obesity among adults in any country is independent of the purchasing power among them. B. Obesity is far more prevalent in Europe than in America. C. Obesity is several times more prevalent among women with low incomes than among women with high incomes. D.

Q: Rhett is looking for the most effective way to lose his excess weight and keep it off. You would tell him that the most effective weight-loss programs invariably include: A. a calorie-reducing diet. B. daily weigh-ins. C. exercise. D.

Q: Brian was of average weight throughout his childhood and in college. However, he has gained more than 30 pounds over the past 18 months and has become obese. Which of the following is most likely to be the cause of his obesity? A. The decline in food prices in his region. B. The absence of physical activity in his daily routine. C. The lower availability of energy-saving devices. D.

Q: Which of the following is an example of aerobic exercise? A. Weight lifting. B. Cycling. C. Bodybuilding. D.

Q: Identical human twins have similar weights, even when they are reared apart. This indicates: A. the important role nutrition plays in obesity. B. how lifestyle is instrumental in determining an individual's weight. C. the genetic component of a person's weight. D.

Q: Which of the following statements is true about the impact of obesity on men and women? A. The risk of hypertension becomes significantly lower in obese men and women. B. Overweight women are more likely to be depressed than women who are not overweight. C. Obese adults are usually immune to the threat of cardiovascular diseases. D.

Q: Which of the following statements is true about an individuals sleep? A. The level of stress is independent of the quality or amount of sleep. B. Family and social obligations predominantly lead to long hours of sleep in an individuals life. C. Usually five hours of sleep a day is necessary for the optimal performance of an individual. D.

Q: Which of the following statements is true about obesity? A. Americans are usually more obese than Europeans. B. Sociocultural factors involved in obesity are several times more prevalent among women with high incomes than those with low incomes. C. The obesity rate in American has halved since 1900. D.

Q: The human genome has not changed markedly in the last century, yet obesity has noticeably increased. This indicates that: A. environmental factors play an important role in obesity. B. obesity is primarily a product of a person's genes. C. environmental factors have little impact on obesity. D.

Q: Which of the following statements is true about obesity rates in United States? A. Researchers attribute the increase in obesity rates to lesser reliance on energy saving devices. B. The obesity rate has doubled in the United States since 1900. C. Obesity rates among adults are the lowest in comparison to any other age demography. D.

Q: A study conducted by Grant, Wardle, & Steptoe explored links between health behavior and life satisfaction in more than 17,000 individuals between 17 to 30 years of age in 21 countries. The young adults' life satisfaction was NOT found to be positively related to _____. A. alcohol consumption B. limiting fat intake C. using sun protection D.

Q: A national survey conducted by National Center for Health Statistics in 2011, found that _____ percent of U.S. 20- to 39-year-olds were obese. A. 19 B. 45 C. 27 D.

Q: A recent analysis by Finkelstein & others predicted that _____ percent of U.S. adults will be obese in 2030. A. 10 B. 42 C. 33 D.

Q: According to a recent international comparison of 33 developed countries conducted by the OECD, which of the following countries was found to have the highest percentage of obese adults? A. The United States B. Italy C. Norway D.

Q: Being overweight or obese is linked to increased risk of: A. cancer. B. Down syndrome. C. anemia. D.

Q: According to a recent study conducted by VanKim & Laska, college students from low-SES backgrounds _____ when compared to their higher-SES counterparts. A. engaged in higher levels of physical activity B. showed unhealthy weight control C. ate more fruits and vegetables D.

Q: A recent study of college students from low-SES backgrounds and high-SES backgrounds conducted by VanKim & Laska showed that college students from low-SES backgrounds _____ than their higher-SES counterparts. A. ate more fast food and less fruits/vegetables B. showed healthy weight control C. engaged in higher levels of physical activity D.

Q: A longitudinal study by Harris and others revealed that most bad health habits developed during adolescence _____ in emerging adulthood. A. receded B. did not continue C. remained unchanged D.

Q: Emerging adults fail to develop health-promoting habits because they: A. believe that good genes will override any unhealthy behaviors. B. lack knowledge about which behaviors are healthy and unhealthy. C. are reluctant to be seen as health-conscious. D.

Q: A study conducted by Grant, Wardle, & Steptoe explored links between health behavior and life satisfaction in more than 17,000 individuals between 17 to 30 years of age in 21 countries. Which of the following has NOT been found to be positively related to young adults' life satisfaction? A. Not smoking B. Exercising regularly C. Fiber intake D.

Q: Most swimmers and gymnasts peak in their: A. early thirties. B. mid-twenties. C. late twenties. D.

Q: Examples of Dana Torres, Olympic swimmer; Lance Armstrong, cyclist; and Tom Watson, golfer; have been used to illustrate that: A. there have been instances of highly conditioned athletes stretching the age limit on winning performances. B. peaking of physical performance occurs later than previously thought. C. peaking of winning performances occurs earlier than previously thought. D.

Q: Muscle tone and strength usually begin to show signs of decline around the age of _____. A. 25 B. 30 C. 40 D.

Q: Which of the following statements is true about research conducted by Park & others in 2006 on the mortality rates of emerging adults? A. Among males, suicide is the highest cause of mortality than unintentional injuries. B. The mortality rate among male adolescents is higher than emerging adults. C. The mortality rates of emerging adults are more than twice the mortality rates of adolescents. D.

Q: Which of the following statements is true about the health problems among emerging adults? A. Emerging adults have fewer colds and respiratory problems than when they were children. B. Most college students usually have little knowledge about preventing illness and promoting health. C. Emerging adults have more chronic problems than when they were children. D.

Q: A recent study conducted by VanKim & Laska revealed that college students from low-SES backgrounds _____ than their higher-SES counterparts. A. ate less fast food B. ate more fruits and vegetables C. controlled their weight better D.

Q: Which of the following is a positive feature of the transition from high school to college? A. Decreased focus on achievement and its assessment B. Opportunities to explore different lifestyles and values C. Reduced peer pressure D.

Q: According to a national study conducted by Eagan & others, more than 165,000 freshmen at more than 230 colleges and universities, today's college students experience _____ than students in previous generations. A. less mental exhaustion B. less depression C. more optimism D.

Q: Today's college students are _____ than students in previous generations, according to a national study of more than 165,000 freshmen at more than 230 colleges and universities. A. more depressed B. less depressed C. less mentally exhausted D.

Q: Most of us reach our peak physical performance: A. before the age of 30, often between the ages of 19 and 26. B. often between the ages of 15 and 22. C. before the age of 20. D.

Q: Which of the following athletes would be most likely to peak the earliest? A. Golfer B. Swimmer C. Marathon runner D.

Q: In a study conducted by Nelson & others in 2007, both parents and college students agreed that taking responsibility for one's actions and _____ are important aspects of becoming an adult. A. physical maturity B. spiritual maturity C. developing emotional control D.

Q: According to the observations made by the authors Joseph and Claudia Allen, the current generation of adolescents is experiencing _____ after adolescence. A. early adulthood B. parenthood C. more adolescence D.

Q: James, an American, will be most likely considered as an adult by his peers and community when he _____, whereas Nirmal, an Indian, will be most likely considered as an adult by his community when he _____. A. moves out of the house; graduates from college B. gets a full-time job; gets married C. turns 21; becomes financially independent D.

Q: In non-industrialized countries, marriage the marker for entry into adulthood usually occurs _____ the marriage in the United States. A. much earlier than B. much later than C. around the same time as D.

Q: Just as the transition from elementary school to middle or junior high school involves change and possible stress, so does the transition from high school to college. The two transitions have many parallels. Which of the following is one of them? A. Movement to a more personal school structure B. Increased parental monitoring C. The top-dog phenomenon D.

Q: "Many emerging adults are optimistic about their future; and for emerging adults who have experienced difficult times while growing up, emerging adulthood presents an opportunity to direct their lives in a more positive direction". These are the two ways described by Jeffrey Arnett in which emerging adulthood can be viewed as: A. a period of stability. B. the period of social responsibilities. C. the age of possibilities. D.

Q: Which of the following statements is true about the various aspects of emerging adulthood? A. Increased freedom that is available to emerging adults in Western society places a premium on the capacity to plan ahead, and make positive choices. B. For many individuals identity exploration in love and work remain stable during this period. C. It usually characterizes development in all cultures. D.

Q: Based on the analysis that focused on individuals who showed maladaptive patterns in emerging adulthood, but had become more organized by the time they were in the late twenties and early thirties; identify the characteristic shared by these "late-bloomers". A. Increased religiosity B. Support from their children C. Showing a willingness to relinquish autonomy D.

Q: An analysis was conducted with its focus on individuals who, after experiencing difficulties while growing up, were still showing maladaptive patterns in emerging adulthood. However, they had become more organized by the time they were in the late twenties and early thirties. Which of the following is a characteristic shared by these "late-bloomers"? A. Increased religiosity B. Support from their children C. Showing positive aspects of autonomy D.

Q: In the United States, the most widely recognized marker of entry into adulthood is: A. holding a permanent, full-time job. B. moving into one's own home. C. getting married. D.

Q: Which of the following statements is true about the various markers of adulthood? A. In developing countries marriage is hardly a significant marker for entry into adulthood. B. Economic dependence is one of the key markers of adult status, but achieving it has been considered a long process. C. Marriage is the most widely recognized marker of entry into adulthood among industrialized countries such as America. D.

Q: Explain the concept of psychosocial moratorium.

Q: What determines an individuals identity status according to James Marcia? James Marcia classifies individuals' identity statuses based on the existence or extent of their crisis or commitment. Crisis is defined as a period of identity development during which the individual is exploring alternatives. Most researchers use the term exploration rather than crisis. Commitment is personal investment in identity.

Q: Which status of identity would be most closely linked to an authoritarian style of parenting?

Q: The transition from adolescence to adulthood has been referred to as emerging adulthood, which occurs from approximately _____ years of age. A. 12 to 18 B. 18 to 25 C. 21 to 26 D.

Q: All of the following are key features identified by Jeffrey Arnett to characterize emerging adulthood, EXCEPT: A. stability. B. identity exploration. C. being self-focused. D.

Q: This person is considered to be the most influential theorist to discuss the importance of adolescent friendships. He argued that the need for intimacy intensifies during early adolescence, motivating teenagers to seek out close friends. Identify the individual. Harry Stack Sullivan

Q: What term is used to describe a small group that ranges from 2 to about 12 individuals, averaging about 5 to 6 individuals, and can form because adolescents engage in similar activities?

Q: What term is used to describe an adolescent group structure, usually formed based on reputation, where members may or may not spend time together?

Q: What is the term for a ceremony or ritual that marks an individual's transition from one status to another?