Q&A Hero

Q: What is the term for an adolescent who breaks the law or engages in behavior that is considered illegal?

Q: What term is used to describe a personal investment in identity?

Q: Which identity status is characterized by both the lack of crisis and the lack of commitment to a self-identity?

Q: What term is used to describe the self-portrait composed of many pieces?

Q: Which term refers to the "gap" between childhood security and adult autonomy where society leaves adolescents free to "try out" many different identities?

Q: Which Eriksonian researcher proposes that Erikson's theory of identity development contains four statuses of identity, or ways of resolving the identity crisis?

Q: Which of the following is the most frequently cited factor associated with adolescent suicide? A. Use of alcohol B. Suicidal behavior in friends C. Drug use D.

Q: The four problems that affect most adolescents are drug abuse, sexual problems, school-related problems, and _____. A. career choice dilemmas B. juvenile delinquency C. peer-related problems D.

Q: As many as _____ percent of adolescents in the United States have been estimated to engage in all four of the problem behaviors common in adolescents such as drug abuse, juvenile delinquency, sexual problems, and school-related problems. A. 10 B. 20 C. 25 D.

Q: If a community wants to develop programs to help at-risk youths, an important component to include in the program would be: A. intensive individualized attention. B. strong academic support. C. community role models. D.

Q: Fast Track is an intervention program that attempts to lower the risk of: A. teen pregnancy. B. juvenile delinquency. C. teen suicide. D.

Q: The most effective way to treat adolescent depression is: A. through antidepressant medication like Prozac. B. not with medication, but through cognitive behavior therapy. C. a combination of psychoanalysis and family treatment. D.

Q: Which of the following is the third-leading cause of death in 10- to 19-year-olds today in the United States? A. Homicide B. Suicide C. Motor vehicle accidents D.

Q: Which of the following is true about why males are more likely than females to succeed in committing suicide? A. They are more depressed than females. B. They give no warning signs before they kill themselves. C. They use more lethal means than do females. D.

Q: Identify the group that is least likely to exhibit suicidal behavior. A. American Indian/Alaska Native female adolescents B. American Indian/Alaska Native male adolescents C. Latino female adolescents D.

Q: Which of the following groups has the highest suicide attempts? A. American Indian/Alaska Native female adolescents B. Asian American/Pacific Islander female adolescents C. Non-Latino White male adolescents D.

Q: Rates of ever experiencing major depressive disorder range from _____ percent for adolescents. A. 5 to 10 B. 10 to 15 C. 15 to 20 D.

Q: By about age 15, adolescent females have a rate of depression that is _____ that of adolescent males. A. twice B. half C. thrice D.

Q: According to a recent study of more than 17,000 Chinese 11- to 22-year-olds, males in China have a higher rate of depression than females because: A. they experience puberty earlier than females. B. they have a less positive coping style. C. they have a negative self-image. D.

Q: William wants to know how he can keep his young son out of trouble. Typically, he should do all of the following EXCEPT: A. encourage skilled behavior. B. use harsh discipline. C. actively monitor his son. D.

Q: According to a recent meta-analysis, which of the following program types was linked to a reduction in recidivism for juvenile offenders? A. Individual treatment B. Restorative justice C. Family treatment D.

Q: According to a national survey in 2012, which of the following is the primary way that most adolescents connect with parents? A. Voice mailing B. Instant messaging C. E-mailing D.

Q: One study found that low rates of delinquency from 14 to 23 years of age were associated with a(n) _____ parenting style. A. neglectful B. indulgent C. authoritative D.

Q: The number of juvenile court delinquency caseloads in the United States has: A. increased dramatically since 1996. B. increased slightly since 1960. C. decreased dramatically since 1996. D.

Q: Which of the following statements about the trends in juvenile delinquency in the U.S. is NOT true? A. About half of the delinquency caseloads in 2005 involved females. B. Delinquency rates among minority groups are higher than average. C. Delinquency rates among lower-socioeconomic-status youth are especially high. D.

Q: Early-onset antisocial behavior is defined as antisocial behavior before age _____. A. 13 B. 17 C. 15 D.

Q: Early-onset antisocial behavior: A. is associated with less negative developmental outcomes than late-onset antisocial behavior. B. is not associated with a tendency to persist into emerging adulthood. C. is associated with more mental health problems. D.

Q: According to a recent study of 8- to 12-year-old girls, a higher level of face-to-face communication was associated with: A. greater social success. B. identity confusion. C. having fewer friends. D.

Q: Which of the following is mainly driving the increased media use by adolescents? A. Newspapers B. Radio C. Cell phones D.

Q: Based on the 2009 survey funded by Kaiser Family Foundation, adding up the daily media use figures to obtain weekly media use leads to the staggering levels of more than _____ hours a week of media use by 11- to 14-year-olds. A. 60 B. 100 C. 10 D.

Q: The 2009 survey funded by Kaiser Family Foundation found that _____ used media an average of 8 hours and 40 minutes a day. A. 8- to 11-year-olds B. 15- to 18-year-olds C. 5- to 11-year-olds D.

Q: According to a 2010 survey, which of the following is the main way that adolescents connect with their friends? A. Phone calls B. Instant messaging C. E-mail D.

Q: Based on the 2009 Kaiser Family Foundation survey, adding up the daily media use figures to obtain weekly media use leads to almost _____ hours a week by 15- to 18-year-olds. A. 70 B. 60 C. 56 D.

Q: Dylan does his homework in front of the television while listening to music on his iPod and also simultaneously text messaging his friends. This is indicative of a major trend in the use of technology known as: A. media multitasking. B. simulcasting. C. surfing. D.

Q: A recent study of 8- to 12-year-old girls found that a higher level of media multitasking was linked to: A. early identity achievement. B. secure attachment to parents. C. feeling more normal. D.

Q: The largest increases in media use in early adolescence are for: A. electronic books and DVDs. B. listening to music on MP3 players. C. chatting with friends on cell phones. D.

Q: Based on the 2009 Kaiser Family Foundation survey, adding up the daily media use figures to obtain weekly media use leads to the staggering levels of more than _____ hours a week of media use by 11- to 14-year-olds. A. 60 B. 20 C. 40 D.

Q: Which of the following distinguishes the locations where rites of passage are prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa? A. High socioeconomic status B. Acceptance of Western culture C. Rigid social structure D.

Q: Identify the dual struggle often faced by immigrants to the U.S. A. To acculturate and take on a new identity B. To work and take care of their children C. To preserve their culture and resist change D.

Q: The double disadvantage suffered by ethnic minority adolescents consists of: A. the lack of clear rites of passage. B. diversity and difference. C. prejudice and poverty. D.

Q: The 2009 Kaiser Family Foundation survey, which included more than 2,000 8- to 18-year-olds, documented that adolescent media use has _____ in the last decade. A. decreased significantly B. declined slightly C. increased dramatically D.

Q: According to the 2009 Kaiser Family Foundation survey, which of the following groups uses media for the longest time during a day? A. 11- to 14-year-olds B. 15- to 18-year-olds C. 8- to 11-year-olds D.

Q: In sum, adolescents' lives are characterized by a combination of: A. drug and alcohol use. B. rebellion and delinquency. C. storm and stress. D.

Q: A _____ is a ceremony or ritual that marks an individual's transition from one status to another, and mostly focuses on the transition to adult status. A. rite of passage B. litmus test C. march of time D.

Q: Most rites of passage focus on: A. severing ties with the adolescent's native culture. B. the initiation into the nuclear family. C. the reaffirmation of the adolescent's connection with immediate family. D.

Q: Rites of passage: A. are nonexistent in the U.S. B. are on the increase in several African countries that are influenced by Western culture. C. provide a forceful and discontinuous entry into the adult world. D.

Q: The event that comes closest to being a culture-wide rite of passage in the United States is: A. hazing. B. getting a driver's license. C. a high school graduation ceremony. D.

Q: Which of the following statements about the trend in cross-cultural gender differences in sexual expression is true? A. Gender differences in sexual expression are minor, especially in Latin America and Southeast Asia. B. Gender differences in sexual expression and educational opportunities appear to be narrowing over time. C. In India, there are far more restrictions on the sexual activities of men than of women. D.

Q: Sita is girl who lives in India; Suki is a girl who lives in Japan. They both have two older brothers. According to research, who is most likely to have better access to education? A. Sita B. Suki C. They both have a poor chance at receiving an education. D.

Q: Adolescents in the U.S. spend about _____ percent as much time on schoolwork as their East Asian counterparts do. A. 80 B. 20 C. 60 D.

Q: The amount of daily discretionary time that American adolescents have is _____ what adolescents have in East Asia. A. significantly less than B. significantly more than C. equal to D.

Q: A study of tenth-graders revealed that: A. the number of romantic experiences reported had no link with levels of social acceptance experienced by adolescents. B. having more romantic experience was linked to a higher level of substance use and delinquency. C. co-rumination and romantic involvement predicted a decrease in depressive symptoms. D.

Q: Which of the following statements about adolescent health is true? A. More adolescents around the world are dying from acute infections than before. B. Many adolescent health-compromising behaviors, especially illicit drug use and unprotected sex, are decreasing in frequency. C. The rate of HIV infection in sub-Saharan countries has decreased marginally in recent years. D.

Q: At _____ years of age, romantic relations are characterized by strong emotional bonds more closely resembling those in adult romantic relationships. A. 12 to 15 B. 11 to 13 C. 14 to 16 D.

Q: Which of the following is the last stage of development of romantic relationships in adolescence? A. Consolidating dyadic romantic bonds B. Entry into romantic attractions and affiliations C. Dating in groups, reflecting embeddedness in the peer context D.

Q: Early bloomers include: A. 15 to 20 percent of 14- to 16-year-olds who say that they currently are in a romantic relationship. B. 10 percent of 17- to 19-year-olds who say that they have had no experience with romantic relationships. C. 15 to 20 percent of 11- to 13-year-olds who say that they currently are in a romantic relationship. D.

Q: Late bloomers comprise approximately 10 percent of _____ who say that they have had no experience with romantic relationships. A. 14- to 16-year-olds B. 17- to 19-year-olds C. 12- to 13-year-olds D.

Q: Which of the following statements about dating in gay male and lesbian youth is TRUE? A. All sexual minority youth date other-sex peers to disguise their sexual orientation from others. B. Despite their orientation, gay and lesbian youth have not had any same-sex sexual experience. C. Gay and lesbian youth are not emotionally affected by the breakup of a same-sex relationship. D.

Q: _____ are larger than cliques and less personal. A. Bands B. Crowds C. Teams D.

Q: What is the difference between cliques and crowds? A. Cliques are more personal than crowds. B. Cliques contain more members than crowds. C. The formation of crowds is based on friendship, while cliques are based on reputation. D.

Q: "Jocks" who are good at sports or "druggies" who take drugs are examples of _____. A. cliques B. teams C. crowds D.

Q: The initial stage of development of romantic relationships in adolescence is characterized by entry into romantic attractions and affiliations at about _____ years of age. A. 8 to 9 B. 11 to 13 C. 14 to 16 D.

Q: At approximately the age of _____ years, two types of romantic involvement occur: casual dating and dating in groups. A. 8 to 9 B. 11 to 13 C. 14 to 16 D.

Q: Priscilla is in the 8th grade. Her group of friends has recently started shoplifting at departmental stores. According to research into peer relations, what is Priscilla most likely to do in this scenario? A. B. Priscilla will reject the behavior of her peers. C. Priscilla will join her friends in the antisocial behavior. D. Priscilla will report the behavior to her friends' parents.

Q: Which of the following is a strategy that adults would recommend to adolescents to help in makeing friends? A. Be psychologically aggressive B. Wait for the other individual to initiate interaction C. Be open to engaging in gossip D.

Q: _____ are small groups that range from 2 to about 12 individuals and average about 5 or 6 individuals. A. Cliques B. Crowds C. Teams D.

Q: Which of the following statements about the characteristics of a clique is NOT true? A. They can form because adolescents engage in similar activities. B. The average number of people in a clique is 8 to 10. C. Clique members are usually of the same sex. D.

Q: At which grade level does conformity to peers peak? A. Sixth and seventh grades B. Eighth and ninth grades C. Tenth and eleventh grades D.

Q: Which of the following has been found to be associated with prolonged, intense parent-adolescent conflict? A. Movement out of the home B. High level of academic excellence C. High intelligence quotient D.

Q: As opposed to the trend in young children, teenagers typically prefer to have: A. a large group of friends, some of whom are especially intimate. B. several friends, but only one "best" friend. C. friends that are all of the same sex. D.

Q: _____, the most influential theorist to discuss the importance of adolescent friendships, proposed that friends become increasingly important in meeting social needs in adolescence. A. Erik Erikson B. Harry Stack Sullivan C. Jean Piaget D.

Q: Sullivan argued that the need for _____ intensifies during early adolescence, motivating teenagers to seek out close friends. A. respect B. compatibility C. intimacy D.

Q: If adolescents fail to develop close friendships, they: A. experience loneliness and a reduced sense of self-worth. B. develop healthier self-esteem as adults than their peers. C. engage in less delinquent behavior. D.

Q: Manfred is worried about his 16-year-old son hanging around much older people in the neighborhood. Research suggests that Manfred: A. should not be concerned, since having older friends has been linked to positive school achievement. B. should encourage the behavior since his older friends will help him make a successful transition to adulthood. C. has reason to worry, since his son is more likely to engage in delinquent behavior. D.

Q: The old model of parent-adolescent relationships suggested that: A. routine negotiations and minor disputes can serve the developmental function of helping adolescents make the transition from childhood dependency to adult independence. B. in most families parent-adolescent conflict is moderate rather than severe. C. parents serve as important attachment figures and support systems, while adolescents explore a wider and more complex social world. D.

Q: According to the old model of parent-adolescent relationships, _____. A. parent-adolescent conflict is intense and stressful throughout adolescence B. parent-adolescent conflict is moderate rather than severe in most families C. parents serve as important support systems, while adolescents explore a wider, more complex social world D.

Q: The new model of parent-adolescent relationships emphasizes that: A. parents should take an authoritarian approach to controlling the lives of adolescents. B. parent-adolescent conflict is intense and stressful throughout adolescence. C. in most families parent-adolescent conflict is moderate rather than severe. D.

Q: Which of the following statements does the new model of parent-adolescent relationships emphasize? A. Parents serve as important attachment figures and support systems during adolescence. B. Parent-adolescent conflict is intense and stressful throughout adolescence. C. The everyday conflicts that characterize parent-adolescent relationships have a detrimental effect on adolescent development. D.

Q: Which of the following is a benefit of everyday conflicts that characterize parent-adolescent relationships? A. It teaches adolescents that their parents are not perfect. B. It helps adolescents become more autonomous. C. It helps adolescents accept parental control over their lives. D.

Q: Joseph Allen and his colleagues found that adolescents who were securely attached to their parents at 14 years of age were more likely at 21 years of age to report: A. feeling uncomfortable in other intimate relationships. B. continuing financial dependence on their parents. C. relationship competence and fewer problematic behaviors. D.