Q&A Hero

Q: Scientists concur on two things about climate change: (1) the world's climate is changing and (2) human activity is part of the change. Give two examples of why there is disagreement beyond those two points.

Q: How did the development of the automobile affect courtship customs and sexual norms?

Q: Central to all evolutionary theories of societal change is the notion of cultural progress. Tribal societies are assumed to have a primitive form of human culture, and to evolve toward a supposedly advanced and superior form found in the Western world. But the evolutionary theories have now been rejected. Why?

Q: What are the four threats to G8?

Q: What were the four social revolutions?

Q: The problem with acid rain is that ita. kills some bacteria.b. is depleting the world's finite supply of sulfuric and nitric acid.c. creates flooding.d. kills animal and plant life.

Q: One could say that until recently, the slogan of the Most Industrialized Nations has beena. "Growth at any cost."b. "Save the planet."c. "Respect life."d. "Environment first."

Q: How humans affect the environment and how the environment affects humans are the focus of a. environmental sociology. b. Eco-sabotage. c. environmental justice. d. harmony.

Q: _____ refers to actions taken to sabotage the efforts of people who are thought to be legally harming the environment. a. Environmental injustice b. Eco-sabotage c. Environmental sociology d. Environmental justice

Q: Environmental injustice refers to how _____ are harmed the most by environmental pollution. a. the wealthiest people b. plants c. minorities and the poor d. animals

Q: One-half of all of the Earth's plant and animal species live in a. endangered cities. b. the Arctic. c. China. d. rain forests.

Q: What statement about energy shortage is true? a. There is no shortage"abundant energy is available from the sun, tides, and wind. b. The energy shortage threatens life on our planet. c. Soon we will not be able to drive cars due to the energy shortage. d. At present there is no energy shortage, but there will be one in a few years.

Q: Of the world's 10. most polluted cities, seven are located in a. the United States, a Most Industrialized Nation. b. China, an Industrializing Nation. c. Japan, a Most Industrialized Nation. d. Italy, a Most Industrialized Nation.

Q: The U.S. state with the largest number of the worst hazardous waste sites is a. Nevada. b. Michigan. c. California. d. New Jersey.

Q: A sustainable environment a. may not produce enough material goods for everyone's needs. b. is easier to attain with the Least Industrialized Nations revving up their economic engines. c. is so called because it can sustain much more pollution that the Earth does now. d. leaves a sound environment for the next generation.

Q: The predator drone a. is science fiction. b. strikes from thousands of feet above the ground. c. has been outlawed by NATO. d. has equivalents in several dozen countries around the world.

Q: When it comes to cyber attacks, the U.S. militarya. has not been attacked, to date.b. is both victim and perpetrator.c. places a low priority on cyber attack protection.d. has no fear of cyber attacks.

Q: Thanks to computers, the international flow of money has become a. harder to follow. b. so regulated that the best way to transfer cash is in a suitcase. c. easier to regulate. d. much slower.

Q: Which statement about computers in education today is true? a. The use of computers in education peaked some years ago and is declining. b. Communicating with others remains a weakness of computers. c. We have barely begun to harness the power of computers in education. d. Computers are discouraged in preference to written materials.

Q: Thanks to automobiles, women a. became "producers of food and clothing," in Flink's (19..9.0) words. b. were freed from the narrow confines of their homes. c. no longer ate canned goods. d. became more conservative in their views.

Q: How did the automobile change architecture? a. The parking area around malls shrunk. b. Apartments changed. c. Wheel designs were used on facades. d. Garages for cars became integrated into houses.

Q: Suburbanization was stimulated by a. leaving home to work in factories. b. changes in ideology. c. international conflict. d. the automobile.

Q: As the automobile pushed aside the former technology"horse and buggy"people thought that cars would a. be a passing fad. b. eliminate parking problems in cities, because a car took up only half as much space as a horse and buggy. c. always remain a rich person's toy. d. make parking more difficult in cities, because a car took up twice as much space as a horse and buggy.

Q: Marriages became more fragile once people a. left home to work in factories. b. began to divorce less. c. came back home from factories and offices to work at home. d. secured the means of production.

Q: Envy and pride may be basic to human nature, but the particular material display depends on a. family relationships. b. automobiles. c. the state of technology. d. alienation.

Q: The new technology that led to factories brought about a new _____ capitalism. a. religion that despised b. ideology that praised c. morality to ameliorate the negative effects of d. worker-owned form of

Q: . _____ is Marx's term for workers' lack of connection to the product of their labor. a. Postmodern society b. Social inequality c. Alienation d. Suburbanization

Q: Before factories, workers could _____ if they did not like something. a. not do a thing b. fire the owners c. pick up their tools and leave d. be easily replaced

Q: When production moved out of the home, workers went to a. unemployment lines. b. factories. c. churches. d. assembly halls.

Q: For sociology, the significance of technology is a. how it changes our way of life. b. that worker"owner relations remain the same. c. difficult to fathom. d. that no one owns the tools that people work with.

Q: Technology _____ artificial means of extending human abilities. a. is usually an alternative to b. always refers to c. is a natural substitute for d. never refers to

Q: Postmodern society is a. reliant on obsolete technology. b. postindustrial society. c. preindustrial society. d. a type of ideology.

Q: An example of discovery is a. money. b. airplanes. c. Columbus discovering North America. d. the microchip.

Q: Cars are an example of a. invention. b. discovery. c. diffusion. d. innovation.

Q: Ogburn said that _____ occurred when human behavior lagged behind technological innovations. a. social lag b. diffusion c. discovery d. cultural lag

Q: _____ is one of the three processes of social change identified by William Ogburn. a. Diffusion b. Cultural lag c. Dialectics d. A unilinear theory

Q: According to William Ogburn, _____ is a new way of seeing reality.a. discoveryb. inventionc. diffusiond. cultural lag

Q: _____ is the combining of existing elements and materials to form new ones. a. Discovery b. Diffusion c. Invention d. Infusion

Q: According to Marx's dialectical view of history, each ruling group a. plants the seeds for its own growth. b. is a synthesis. c. represents a classless state. d. sows the seeds of its own destruction.

Q: Cyclical theories assume that civilizations are a. like parts of a Gesellschaft. b. obsolete. c. like organisms. d. antitheses.

Q: Marx's model of historical change viewed a thesis plus an antithesis as resulting in a(n) a. classless state. b. synthesis. c. utopia. d. state of permanent war.

Q: _____ theories propose that different routes lead to the same stage of development. a. Multilinear b. Natural cycle c. Diffusion d. Unilinear

Q: _____ theories assume that all societies follow the same path (from simple to complex). a. Bilinear b. Trilinear c. Multilinear d. Unilinear

Q: Desperate to secure untapped resources, G7 increasingly views _____ as significant to the well-being of the rest of the world. a. the United States b. Germany c. Africa d. Japan

Q: The triadic division of the planet since World War II places the emphasis on _____ in Europe. a. Italy b. France c. Germany d. Great Britain

Q: With the globalization of the modern world, social movements often sweep across a. time. b. national borders. c. the media but not reality. d. an entire town.

Q: In a traditional society, education was a. nonexistent. b. formal. c. begun in the third decade of life. d. informal.

Q: In a traditional society, the temporal orientation was a. toward the past. b. toward the present. c. toward the future. d. nonexistent.

Q: In a traditional Gemeinschaft society, the divisions of labor between men and women are a. flexible. b. nonexistent. c. rigid. d. determined by the shaman.

Q: In traditional societies, material possessions were _____. In industrialized societies, material possessions are _____. a. many; few b. many; many c. few; few d. few; many

Q: _____ is the transformation of traditional societies into industrial societies. a. Social movement b. Gemeinschaft c. The third social revolution d. Modernization

Q: Max Weber believed that capitalism came from a. changes in life expectancy. b. increased religiosity. c. the Protestant Reformation. d. smaller family sizes.

Q: _____ is the term sociologists use for a traditional, small, rural society. a. Gemeinschaft b. Rapidly changing c. Gesellschaft d. Materialistic

Q: The text says that in addition to the four social revolutions that we have had, we may be entering a fifth based on a. sports. b. mapping the human genome and biotechnology. c. the growing relevance of Africa. d. Gesselschaft.

Q: The alteration of culture and societies over time is known as a. modernization. b. social movement. c. social change. d. G8.

Q: Globally, where is the flow of migration? a. From the Most Industrialized Nations to the Least Industrialized Nations b. From the Least Industrialized Nations to other members of the Least Industrialized Nations c. Between various countries within the Most Industrialized Nations d. From the Least Industrialized Nations to the industrialized countries

Q: . The net migration rate is the a. number of people who want to leave minus the number of people who actually do leave. b. tip of the population pyramid. c. difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants per 1,000 population. d. measure of fecundity.

Q: In which of the following countries do women give birth to the most children? a. Singapore b. The United States c. Greece d. Niger

Q: In which of the following countries do women give birth to the fewest children? a. The United States b. Poland c. Chad d. Somalia

Q: The _____ is the annual number of deaths per 1,000 population. a. population curve b. population pyramid c. net death rate d. crude death rate

Q: The annual number of live births per 1,000 population is a. fecundity. b. the crude birth rate. c. fertility. d. the crude population rate.

Q: _____, which can be as high as 30., refers to the number of children a woman is capable of bearing. a. Fertility b. The population pyramid c. Fecundity d. The crude birth rate

Q: The number of children that the average woman bears is known as a. fecundity. b. the fertility rate. c. mortality. d. the demographic transition.

Q: The three demographic variables that change the size of a population are a. fertility, mortality, and net migration. b. number of married couples, health status, and life goals. c. fertility, mortality, and immigration. d. fertility, mortality, and emigration.

Q: _____ is a graph that represents the age and sex of a population. a. Demography b. Fecundity c. A population pyramid d. The fertility rate

Q: One reason that people in the Least Industrialized Nations have so many children is that a. they are irrational. b. from a conflict perspective, men control women's reproductive choices. c. nearly all of the children die young. d. they are unaware that there is any alternative.

Q: _____ is the process in which a country's population becomes smaller because its birth rate and immigration are too low to replace those who die and emigrate. a. Population growth b. Population shrinkage c. Population stability d. Demography

Q: Since the earth is so productive, why do people today die of hunger? a. The earth produces too little food. b. Particular places on earth lack food. c. Africa is overpopulated. d. The United States is overpopulated.

Q: In stage one of the demographic transition, a. the birth rate and death rate are more or less balanced. b. births far outnumber deaths. c. births drop, and deaths become more or less balanced. d. deaths outnumber births.

Q: How many stages does the demographic transitionas in Europehave? a. One b. Two c. Three or four d. Seven

Q: At around the time of the birth of Christ, there were about _____ people in the world. a. 10.,000 b. 55.,000 c. 2 million d. 30.0 million

Q: Each day on Earth, if you subtract the number of people who die that day from the number of people born that day, the planet has approximately _____ more people. a. 2,37.0 b. 23.,700 c. 23.7.,000 d. 2,37.0,000

Q: Following an exponential growth curve, growth a. doubles during approximately equal time intervals, and then suddenly declines at an alarming pace. b. triples during increasingly shorter time intervals, and then abruptly levels off. c. triples during approximately equal time intervals, and then suddenly accelerates. d. doubles during approximately equal time intervals, and then suddenly accelerates.

Q: What was Thomas Malthus's theorem? a. Food supply grows arithmetically, but population grows geometrically. b. Both the food supply and the population grow geometrically. c. Food supply grows geometrically, but population grows arithmetically. d. Regardless of population growth, there will always be enough food to feed everyone.

Q: Demography is the study of the size, composition, growth (or shrinkage), and distribution of a. animal species. b. culture. c. sociologists. d. human populations.

Q: Sociologist William Flanagan (19..9.0) suggested three principles of public sociology to apply to go beyond replacing old buildings with new ones to building community. What are they?

Q: Which five types of urban dwellers did Gans (19..68, 19..9.1) identify?

Q: Describe the historical development of cities.

Q: Since the 19..9.0s, world hunger has dropped 40.%. With the enormous population increase since the 19..9.0s, how was this possible?

Q: Are the Anti-Malthusians optimistic about our future? What do they believe?