Q&A Hero

Q: _____ refers to one part of a culture changing while other parts remain behind. a. Cultural reluctance b. Culture lag c. Ethnocentrism d. Culture shock

Q: Cultural diffusion is a a. group of people adopting things they find desirable from another culture. b. one-way "street" from the West to other parts of the world. c. change in "thinking" but not "doing." d. distraction from technology.

Q: The term new technology refers to a. anything invented in the last five years. b. an emerging technology that has a significant impact on social life. c. 21st century technology. d. an established technology that changed the course of history.

Q: Technology can be equated with a. culture. b. history. c. tools. d. sociology.

Q: _____ refer(s) to values, norms, or other cultural traits found everywhere. a. Cultural universals b. Global culture c. Natural selection d. Folkways

Q: Sociobiologists believe that a. biology is a basic cause of human behavior. b. the key to human behavior is culture. c. as a result of natural selection, biology no longer plays a role in human behavior. d. the key to human behavior is religion.

Q: _____ said that sociobiology will eventually absorb sociology. a. Charles Darwin b. Edward Wilson c. William Ogburn d. Benjamin Whorf

Q: Which statement about incest is true? a. No society permits generalized incest for its members. b. All societies agree on what incest is. c. The marriage of brothers and sisters is forbidden by all societies. d. The marriage of fathers and daughters is forbidden by all societies.

Q: _____ places an emphasis on the influence of genes on human behavior. a. Genetics-informed sociology b. Classical sociology c. Conflict theory d. Sociologically informed genetics

Q: The term real culture refers to a. the norms and values that people aspire to follow. b. historical culture. c. universal culture. d. the norms and values that people actually follow.

Q: The human potential movement reflects the emerging _____ value. a. self-fulfillment b. aging population c. leisure d. acceptance

Q: The _____ culture refers to the values, norms, and goals that a group considers worth aiming for. a. real b. concrete c. ideal d. fantasy

Q: Values are like lenses through which we see the world a. not at all. b. as it ought to be. c. with great clarity. d. like it is.

Q: Which statement about the origin of values is true? a. Essentially, values "just happen." b. Values are unrelated to conditions of society. c. Values are related to conditions of society. d. Individuals invent their own values.

Q: A _____ exists between the value of group superiority and the values of freedom, democracy, and equality. a. continuity b. folkway c. taboo d. value contradiction

Q: Education, hard work, material comfort, and individualism can be said to be bound up in a. a confused approach to life. b. a value contradiction. c. a value cluster that surrounds success. d. the value of democracy.

Q: "In God We Trust" appears on American money. This reflects the core value of a. group superiority. b. religiosity. c. education. d. freedom.

Q: Most Americans feel that the only proper basis for marriage is a. parental approval. b. economics. c. mutual respect. d. romantic love.

Q: The core value of education has a. been easily pursued in the United States, because college is free. b. changed over the years, until today a college education is considered an appropriate goal for most Americans. c. not been held by most Americans. d. changed over the years, until today a college education is considered an appropriate goal only for a small number of Americans.

Q: Sociologists call values that are shared by most of the groups in a society a. core values. b. taboos. c. habitual values. d. universal values.

Q: A society made up of many different groups is called a(n) a. pluralistic society. b. fragmented society. c. anachronous society. d. ungovernable aggravation.

Q: Harold got up early and cleaned and polished his motorcycle, while Fabienne packed a picnic lunch. Their destination was a park on a lake about 50 miles away, where they would meet some friends who also liked to ride motorcycles on weekends. They soon got underway, driving safely on the highway at the speed limit, enjoying the trip, while they listened to National Public Radio. About halfway to their destination, Harold and Fabienne were overtaken by a speeding clump of about 10 motorcycles ridden by people with swastikas on the back of their jackets. Several of the group appeared to be completely nude under their jackets, which was legal in their state due to an anachronistic law that said you could not disrobe outdoors, but that did not address the situation where you were already disrobed when you arrived outdoors. In all likelihood, Harold and Fabienne could be termed members of a motorcycle enthusiast _____ and the cyclists who passed them could be termed members of a motorcycle enthusiast _____. a. culture; subculture b. subculture; counterculture c. subculture; culture d. counterculture; subculture

Q: Some of the values and norms of a _____ place it at odds with the dominant culture. a. subculture b. core culture c. counterculture d. motorcycle group

Q: How many subcultures does U.S. society contain? a. Five b. Almost 90 c. Hundreds d. Thousands

Q: A world within the larger world of the dominant culture is a a. superculture. b. subculture. c. counterculture. d. microculture.

Q: Even just the thought of the violation of a _____ fills us with revulsion. a. taboo b. more c. parking regulation d. folkway

Q: If you kill another person, you have violated a society's a. mores. b. incidental values. c. folkways. d. ethnocentrism.

Q: When someone is walking on the right side of the sidewalk, and you are walking faster and overtake them to their left, this is _____ in the United States. a. a taboo b. a more c. illegal d. a folkway

Q: Paul loved to party at Mardi Gras, even if he was not involved in making a float or anything else. The atmosphere on the street was just so different, so easy. He had a great time. At such a(n) _____, the rules were loosened. a. culture-free event b. police-free event c. free-for-all d. moral holiday

Q: When people break norms, they receive a. positive sanctions. b. a day in court. c. negative sanctions. d. hugs and kisses.

Q: A term for rules of behavior is a. culture. b. norms. c. moral holidays. d. sanctions.

Q: People's _____ are their ideas of what is desirable in life. a. values b. mores c. taboos d. folkways

Q: The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis states that a. languages are universal. b. some languages, such as English, are superior to others. c. perception and language are unrelated. d. language has ways of looking at the world embedded within it.

Q: The basis of culture is a. customs. b. heredity. c. language. d. sociology.

Q: The main way people communicate is through a. gestures. b. intermarriage. c. language. d. artwork.

Q: An advantage of knowing a culture's gestures is a. they are closely tied to the language. b. that although most gestures are recognized as universal, there are occasional differences between cultures. c. being able to communicate with simplicity. d. that they will enable you to completely understand the culture.

Q: Another term for nonmaterial culture that sociologists use is a. material culture. b. symbolic culture. c. gestural culture. d. culture shock.

Q: After a fairly short plane ride from New York City, Irving found himself on a dusty road with goats, chickens, and motor scooters, rather than cars. Food, clothing, and carpets were being sold by street vendors, some of whom worked from a cloth spread on the ground, in no order that he could recognize. Irving was experiencing a. ethnocentrism. b. culture shock. c. a step back into history. d. contact with people who shared none of his values.

Q: Which of the following statements about cultural relativism is true? a. It has not been criticized by social scientists. b. Cultural relativism has come under attack because it can lead to acceptance of practices like genital cutting and wife beating. c. Sociologists accept all cultures, without judgment. d. Cultural relativism encourages cultural smugness.

Q: To try to understand a culture on its own terms is called a. ethnocentrism. b. cultural relativism. c. folklore. d. cultural education.

Q: Who is ethnocentric? a. Everyone b. Westerners c. Easterners d. Older people

Q: One thing that can be said about material culture is that a. it is "natural." b. it includes gestures. c. it includes a people's language. d. there is nothing "natural" about it.

Q: Nonmaterial culture refers to a group's a. art. b. weapons. c. ways of thinking and doing. d. eating utensils.

Q: _____ would be part of material culture. a. Hairstyles b. Language c. Beliefs d. Values

Q: The language, beliefs, values, norms, and behaviors passed from one generation to the next make up a group's a. identity. b. ethnocentrism. c. culture. d. material culture.

Q: Describe the three historical phases of sociology.

Q: What are the three ways sociologists measure average, and how do they differ?

Q: What are the eight steps of the research model?

Q: Discuss feminists and conflict theory.

Q: Very broadly, where did Weber believe that capitalism was more likely to flourish?

Q: Capitalism becoming the world's dominant economic system is known asa. the globalization of capitalism.b. symbolic interactionism.c. increasing isolationism.d. the advance of democracy.

Q: _____ is the breaking down of national boundaries because of advances in communications, trade, and travel.a. Conflict theoryb. Globalizationc. Verstehend. Focusing on the macro level

Q: Professional handling of confidential sociological field notes entailsa. publishing them only in professional journals.b. burning the notes once the researcher has had time to draw conclusions from them.c. publishing them online, so that anyone can read them.d. protecting respondents.

Q: In sociological research, gendera. plays no role.b. excludes female subjects from most contemporary social research.c. is influential.d. always leads to interviewer bias.

Q: The best method of sociological research to usea. is surveys.b. depends on the type of question.c. is experiments.d. is document analysis.

Q: ________ are used to study people who are unaware that they are being studied.a. Questionnairesb. Interviewsc. Open-ended questionsd. Unobtrusive measures

Q: The independent variable causes a change in thea. control group.b. dependent variable.c. other independent variables in the study.d. generalizability of the experiment.

Q: In a control group, subjects area. exposed to all variables in the study.b. not exposed to the dependent variable.c. an example of participant observation.d. not exposed to the independent variable.

Q: The subjects in an experiment who are exposed to the independent variable make up thea. experimental group.b. population.c. sources of potential bias.d. control group.

Q: Police reports, photographs, and videos are examples of ________ used by researchers.a. participant observationb. documentsc. generalizabilityd. dependent variables

Q: In secondary analysis, researchers analyze data collected bya. robots.b. their own interviews.c. others.d. the subjects themselves.

Q: Open-ended questions are questions that respondentsa. pick from a list.b. turn into closed-ended questions.c. generally don"t answer.d. answer in their own words.

Q: Questions followed by a list of possible answers that the respondent can select are calleda. biased questions.b. closed-ended questions.c. stratified questions.d. open-ended questions.

Q: ______ is a feeling of trust between researchers and the people they are studying.a. Rapportb. Interviewer biasc. Participant observationd. An unobtrusive measure

Q: Li, a sociology undergraduate, was required to participate in a research study being conducted by a graduate student in his department. He didn"t know the topic until he got there, and the things the interviewer asked him were embarrassing. Li chose answers that weren"t quite truein fact, they weren"t true at allin order to save face himself and also to please the interviewer. This is example ofa. interviewer bias.b. rapport.c. self-administered questionnaires.d. dependent variables.

Q: If the questions that you ask the people taking part in your study are not ________, you will end up with biased answers.a. easyb. designed to elicit the answers you wantc. neutrald. complicated enough

Q: The ________ is drawn from selected subgroups of a target population.a. questionnaireb. neutral questionc. stratified random sampled. random sample

Q: In a ________, everyone in the target population has the same chance of being included in the study.a. stratified random sampleb. random samplec. sample of any sortd. survey

Q: The ________ is made up of the individuals intended to represent the population to be studied.a. sampleb. control groupc. respondentd. average

Q: A(n) ________ is the collection of data by having people answer a series of questions.a. sampleb. populationc. surveyd. experiment

Q: Reliability refers toa. the extent to which research produces consistent or dependable results.b. secondary analysis.c. how close the data we gathered comes to proving what we want to prove.d. the way in which a researcher measures a variable.

Q: ________ is the extent to which an operational definition measures what it is intended to measure.a. A variableb. Validityc. Hypothesisd. Reliability

Q: ________ is a precise way to measure a variable.a. Reliabilityb. Validityc. The hypothesisd. An operational definition

Q: A(n) ________ is a factor thought to be significant for human behavior, which can vary (change) from one case to another.a. operational definitionb. variablec. hypothesisd. research method

Q: What you expect to find according to predictions from a theory is known as a(n)a. variable.b. research design.c. hypothesis.d. analysis of documents.

Q: The eighth and final step of the research model is toa. begin the case study.b. formulate a hypothesis.c. define the problem.d. share the results.

Q: Sharon had spent months carrying out her sociological experiments. She had collected a ton of data. What was Sharon's next step?a. Analyze the resultsb. Generate more hypothesesc. Select another topicd. Share the results

Q: A ________ predicts a relationship between or among variables.a. research designb. literature reviewc. hypothesisd. topic

Q: In the research model, specifying what it is that you want to learn about a topic is the stage ofa. defining the problem.b. reviewing the literature.c. sharing the results.d. unobtrusive measures.

Q: Who was the founder of conflict theory?a. Robert Mertonb. George Herbert Meadc. Max Weberd. Karl Marx