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Sociology
Q:
An example of a latent function of education, according to functionalist theory is:
a. Training persons for specific jobs in society
b. Babysitting
c. Promoting change in society
d. Teaching children the skills they need to survive in society
e. None of the above
Q:
According to Durkheim, the role of education is to teach the child morality is part of what aspect of the classroom?
a. Knowledge
b. Discipline
c. Self-esteem
d. Job skills
Q:
Which theory is most associated with the self-fulfilling prophecy?
a. Feminist theory
b. Functional choice theory
c. Labeling theory
d. Symbolic theory
e. Rational choice theory
Q:
In Bernstein's Code theory, which group is more likely to use restricted codes?
a. Students from upper-class backgrounds.
b. Students from middle-class backgrounds.
c. Students from working-class backgrounds.
d. There is no social class difference in the use of restricted codes.
Q:
Durkheim is traditionally associated with which social theory?
a. Feminist theory
b. Functional theory
c. Conflict theory
d. Symbolic Interactionist theory
e. Rational choice theory
Q:
_____________ refers to cultural practices, including language patterns and experiences.
a. Cultural capital
b. Cultural reproduction
c. Social capital
d. Conflict theory
e. Labeling theory
Q:
___________ theorists focus on the interpersonal dynamics of the situation and assume that individuals socially construct their lives based on the environments in which they find themselves.
a. Feminist
b. Functional
c. Conflict
d. Symbolic Interaction
e. Rational choice
Q:
What are some of the important questions asked by sociologists about education? Why are they important and what value do their answers hold?
Q:
Why is the study of sociology of education important? Who could find it valuable and why?
Q:
What is theory and how is it used in studying education?
Q:
What is the self-fulfilling prophecy? Explain this concept using either the conflict or functionalist theories.
Q:
Define and give an example for each of Weber's three status groups, explaining what makes them a status group.
Q:
According to Parsons, what is the general structure of the elementary school classroom? What qualifications does he make about his generalizations?
Q:
In what ways might cultural capital influence academic achievement?
Q:
How would you use functional, conflict, and symbolic interaction theory to explain the fact that African American students do not, on average, achieve at the same level as Caucasian students in American schools?
Q:
list personal attributes (cognitive, emotional, and social) and social supports that foster resilience in emerging adulthood.
Q:
explain how young people find lasting intimate relationships. how does partner similarity contribute to long-term relationships?
Q:
during emerging adulthood, supportive family, school, and community environments a)are crucial, just as they were at earlier stages of development. b)are not nearly as important as they were in earlier stages of development. c)can sometimes interfere with mature identity development. d)are more important to affluent young people than their lower-ses counterparts.
Q:
annika, an emerging adult, lives with her overprotective mother. annikas mother calls her employer when she has to be absent from work and helps her complete her community college homework. annika probably a)feels connected and secure. b)has high self-esteem. c)is poorly adjusted. d)is identity achieved.
Q:
which of the following activities peaks between ages 18 and 24? a)drug taking b)religious service attendance c)political activism d)community involvement
Q:
rita is similar to the average emerging adult. which of the following is probably true? a)she sustains regular, formal religious activities. b)she does not vote. c)she sees work as merely a way to obtain spending money. d)she does not believe in cohabitation.
Q:
which of the following is true? a)more u.s. young people today vote than in previous generations. b)more u.s. young people today engage in political party activities than in previous generations. c)during emerging adulthood, attendance at religious services drops to its lowest level throughout the lifespan. d)emerging adults who view religion as important in their lives engage in less community service.
Q:
andrew is an emerging adult. he is likely to say that ________ is essential for him to attain adult status. a)getting married b)settling into a career c)finishing his education d)constructing a worldview
Q:
many ethnic minority young people a)experience a longer period of emerging adulthood than their caucasian agemates. b)arrive at emerging adulthood with experiences that compromise their academic preparedness for college. c)complete their college degrees by age 23 and enroll in graduate school shortly thereafter. d)focus on career goals over finding a long-term romantic partner.
Q:
identity achievement in the vocational realm a)is more challenging for women than for men. b)usually occurs by age 21. c)is easier for women in male-dominated careers. d)is more challenging for men than for women.
Q:
ray and his girlfriend, amy, do not have similar attitudes, personalities, or political beliefs. they subscribe to the popular belief that opposites attract. which of the following is most likely to be true? a)they will be more satisfied with their relationship than with previous relationships. b)they are less likely to stay together than two people who are similar to each other. c)they are just as likely to stay together as are two similar people. d)they are more likely to choose marriage over cohabitation.
Q:
nearly all u.s. young people are sexually active by age a)18. b)20. c)22. d)25.
Q:
which of the following is true about romantic ties in emerging adulthood? a)nearly 60 percent of emerging adults have had more than two sexual partners in the past year. b)until the mid-20s, few romantic relationships last longer than six months. c)with age, emerging adults romantic ties last longer and involve greater trust. d)the majority of emerging adults have more than one sexual partner over the course of a year.
Q:
according to your text, advances in identity occur in which three domains? a)love, work, and worldview b)career, financial security, and love c)job security, financial security, and marital status d)religiosity, spirituality, and work
Q:
which of the following is true about identity development in emerging adulthood? a)young people usually explore in depth, but not in breadth. b)young people usually explore in breadth, but not in depth. c)young people usually explore possibilities in breadth and then in depth. d)most college students make commitments, but fail to evaluate them.
Q:
exposure to multiple viewpoints during emerging adulthood a)often confuses young people, thereby delaying commitment to life goals. b)encourages young people to adopt rigid values and beliefs. c)often causes young people to rebel against their family values for a period of time. d)encourages young people to look more closely at themselves, thereby developing a more complex self-concept.
Q:
when college students tackle challenging, ill-structured problems, interaction among individuals who are _________________ is beneficial. a)equal in authority but greater in knowledge b)roughly equal in authority and knowledge c)greater in authority and equal in knowledge d)lesser in authority and knowledge
Q:
eventually, the most mature individuals progress to a)dualistic thinking. b)commitment within relativistic thinking. c)cognitive dissonance. d)intuitive rationality.
Q:
maribeth views all knowledge as embedded in a framework of thought. she believes that each person, in arriving at a position, creates her own truth. maribeth uses a)dualistic thinking. b)cognitive dissonance. c)relativistic thinking. d)epistemic cognition.
Q:
jermaine, a college sophomore, was asked, if two people disagree on the interpretation of a poem, how would you decide which one is right? he replied, youd have to ask the poet. its his poem. jermaine is displaying a)dualistic thinking. b)cognitive dissonance. c)relativistic thinking. d)epistemic cognition.
Q:
our reflections on how we arrived at facts, beliefs, and ideas are called a)dualistic thinking. b)cognitive dissonance. c)relativistic thinking. d)epistemic cognition.
Q:
dr. thayers research shows that college students make impressive strides in cognition. she focuses on cognitive development beyond piagets formal operational stage. dr. thayer studies a)preoperational thought. b)postformal thought. c)globalization. d)postoperational thought.
Q:
proponents of emerging adulthood as a distinct period note that a) it fails to describe the experiences of most of the worlds youths. b)it applies to most young people in industrialized societies. c)it occurs across diverse cultures and ses groups. d)emerging adults are part of a general trend toward blurring of age-related expectations.
Q:
one criticism of the concept of emerging adulthood is a)emerging adulthood fails to describe the experiences of most young people in industrialized nations. b)research on emerging adulthood largely emphasizes its societal benefits. c)at no time has adulthood in complex societies been attained at a distinct moment. d)emerging adulthood is rapidly expanding in developing nations.
Q:
matthew comes from a low-ses american family. he dropped out of high school and, at age 19, is unemployed. matthew will probably a)encounter a floundering period. b)experience an extended period of emerging adulthood. c)experience excitement during the transition to adulthood. d)experience a wide array of personal expansion.
Q:
the overwhelming majority of young people in traditional, non-western countries a)experience a prolonged emerging adulthood. b)enter marriage late. c)enter lifelong work late. d)have no emerging adulthood.
Q:
which of the following young adults is more likely to experience emerging adulthood? a)indira, who comes from a low-income family in india b)mae ling, who comes from a wealthy family in china c)isabel, who comes from a middle-income family in brazil d)estevan, who comes from a low-income family in mexico
Q:
research suggests that emerging adulthood a)greatly speeds up identity development. b)is a cultural construction. c)is a time of financial independence. d)primarily occurs in low-ses ethnic minority groups.
Q:
which of the following young adults is the most likely to live independently? a)alan, a caucasian american b)isaiah, an african american c)jesus, a hispanic american d)tommy, a native american
Q:
nearly half of american 18- to 25-year olds a)earn a bachelors degree by age 22. b)enter graduate school. c)return to their parents home for brief periods after first leaving. d)view marriage and parenthood as crucial markers of adult status.
Q:
extended education, delayed career entry, and postponed marriage all result in ________ for those in emerging adulthood. a)great residential instability b)an inability to commit to long-term romantic relationships c)long-term career stability d)a great sense of security
Q:
which of the following is true about emerging adulthood? a)it is primarily found in low-ses ethnic minority groups. b)emerging adults are actually adolescents who take on adult responsibilities. c)most parents of emerging adults view their children as not yet fully adult. d)adult milestones are highly consistent in time and order across individuals.
Q:
emerging adulthood a)spans from ages 16 to 18 years old. b)is a new transitional period extending from the late teens to the mid-twenties. c)is evident in nonindustrialized countries. d)is a time of certainty and focus.
Q:
lincoln, an american adult, is asked: do you consider yourself to have reached adulthood? he responds that he feels that he is truly an adult. lincoln is probably ________ years old. a)18 or 19 b)20 to 22 c)23 to 25 d)26 to 35
Q:
which adolescents are at greatest risk for becoming delinquent? what are some suggestions for prevention of delinquency?
Q:
you have been asked to give a talk on preventing adolescent suicide at a local high school. using research from the text as a guide, what will you say in your lecture?
Q:
describe adolescent dating. why do teenagers date? what are the positive and/or negative consequences of dating in adolescence? how do circumstances differ for homosexual young people?
Q:
renee is approaching early adolescence. how will renees gender-typed behavior likely change as she moves through adolescence? what factors will likely contribute to these changes?
Q:
what types of moral dilemmas do people face in real life, and how do they resolve them? how does this compare to their approach to hypothetical problems like kohlbergs heinz dilemma?
Q:
explain why students from ethnic minority backgrounds face difficulties in developing an identity, and give suggestions on how to help minority adolescents resolve identity conflicts constructively.
Q:
describe the four identity statuses described by james marcia, and cite factors that promote identity development.
Q:
which of the following resources are shown to faciliate resilience in adolescents? a)working a full-time job b)early dating c)affiliation with a religious organization d)other-sex friendships
Q:
research shows that most teenagers a)engage in serious antisocial acts, although they are rarely caught or prosecuted. b)do not show serious depression, suicidal tendencies, or persistent antisocial behavior. c)experience severe bouts of depression, especially those in industrialized nations. d)seriously consider suicide, although few actually make an attempt.
Q:
johnson county officials are considering four options to help late-onset adolescent delinquents. based upon research findings, which proposal would you recommend? a)proposal 1: implement longer prison terms for repeat offenders. b)proposal 2: eliminate juvenile court and prosecute teenagers in adult court. c)proposal 3: hold parents of delinquent youths legally accountable for their childrens behavior. d)proposal 4: help young people to find satisfying jobs.
Q:
compared to their early-onset counterparts, adolescent-onset delinquent teenagers a)are more socially isolated and violent. b)often have moderate to severe learning difficulties. c)are much more likely to demonstrate continued criminal behavior into adulthood. d)have conduct problems that arise from the peer context of early adolescence.
Q:
children with early-onset delinquency a)feel closer to their families than those whose delinquent behavior begins in adolescence. b)have subtle deficits in cognitive functioning. c)show restlessness and willfulness as early as age 7. d)often outgrow their dysfunctional behavior by late adolescence.
Q:
longitudinal research reveals that compared to conduct problems that begin in adolescence, early-onset delinquency a)is less likely to lead to a life-course pattern of criminality. b)involves less severe crimes. c)often emerges out of dysfunctional peer relations. d)is more likely to lead to a life-course pattern of criminality.
Q:
treating serious offenders a)is best accomplished by addressing one aspect of delinquency at a time. b)with short-term comprehensive interventions is most effective. c)with work experience programs and summer camps has been shown to be ineffective. d)combines family and peer intervention in order to integrate youths into more positive environments.
Q:
the best way to combat adjustment problems in adolescence is through a)strict parental supervision. b)rigorous academic requirements in high school. c)police curfews that keep teenagers off the streets at night. d)prevention, beginning early in life.
Q:
rick has overly high self-esteem, despite his academic difficulties and status as a social outcast. when another student challenges his arrogant behavior, he is likely to a)withdraw and become depressed. b)lash out in anger. c)respond with relational aggression. d)reconsider his behavior and display more socially appropriate responses.
Q:
for disruptive, peer-rejected adolescents, antisocial friends facilitate each others violent behavior while also a)relieving loneliness. b)lifting depressive moods. c)enhancing popularity. d)fostering a more realistic self-esteem.
Q:
the mayor of central city wants to reduce its youth crime rate. based on research findings, which of the following would you recommend? a)start school earlier in the day and end it later in the day. b)require ongoing extracurricular involvement in public high schools. c)decrease the amount of homework assigned to students in an effort to bridge the adult-adolescent divide. d)promote high-quality teaching in schools and create work-study vocational education programs.
Q:
why do delinquent youths tend to stick together? a)to avoid social isolation and bolster their fragile self-esteem b)to more effectively commit crimes c)because larger groups tend to gain more status and respect in local communities d)because they have similar interests and values
Q:
which of the following consistently characterizes delinquent youths? a)social competence b)permissive parenting c)low-warmth, high-conflict families d)authoritarian child rearing
Q:
chronic delinquents typically a)experience peer rejection in childhood. b)show few academic problems in childhood. c)behave rebelliously despite good parental discipline. d)are unresponsive to pressures of the peer group.
Q:
low-ses ethnic minority teenagers a)commit the majority of major crimes in this country. b)have a greater propensity to engage in violence and other lawbreaking acts. c)are more likely to be arrested, charged, and punished for crimes than their higher-ses white and asian counterparts. d)are arrested, charged, and punished less often than their higher-ses white and asian peers.
Q:
for the majority of adolescents, a minor brush with the law a)does not lead to a life of antisocial behavior. b)is an early warning of more serious problems in the future. c)is a sign of drug abuse. d)is usually the result of peer pressure.
Q:
delinquency usually ________ over adolescence and then ________. a)declines; rises b)rises; rises further c)declines; declines further d)rises; declines
Q:
when teenagers are asked directly and confidentially, ________ admit that they are guilty of a delinquent offense. a)almost none b)about half c)almost all d)only boys
Q:
which of the following statements is true? a)according to your text, gun control legislation would have no impact on the number of teenage suicides. b)thoughts of suicide should be viewed as normal and just a passing phase. c)most, if not all, successful suicides are sudden and impulsive. d)teenage suicides often occur in clusters.
Q:
lydia says, i hate my life and i just want to die. besides, everyone would be better off without me better if i had never been born. you should a)try to take her mind off her problems by taking her to a movie or some other activity. b)agree with her initially. if she thinks you are on her side by not opposing her plan, she is more likely to be convinced by you later. c)make her get professional help right away. do not try to talk with her yourself, as untrained counseling can actually increase the risk of suicide. d)empathize as much as you can and ask if she has a plan for killing herself. if her plan involves a method and a time, the risk of suicide is very high.
Q:
grants parents have noticed that he seems to be putting his affairs in order smoothing over troubled relationships and giving away treasured possessions. this indicates that grant may a)be contemplating suicide. b)be entering eriksons stage of identity confusion. c)have reached kohlbergs good boy-good girl orientation. d)be about to run away from home.
Q:
of the following, which factors contribute to the sharp rise in suicide from childhood to adolescence? a)adolescent impulsiveness and teenagers stormy nature b)improved ability to plan ahead and learned helplessness c)increased emotional distance from parents and high ses d)teenagers inability to think about the future
Q:
events like conflict with parents, the breakup of an important relationship, or the humiliation of being caught engaging in irresponsible or antisocial acts are all a)stressors that can foster depression, but typically do not lead to a suicide attempt. b)triggers that result in more delinquent acts. c)contributing factors to the imaginary audience and the personal fable. d)stressors that can trigger a suicide attempt.
Q:
the largest group of teenagers who commit suicide a)are withdrawn. b)show antisocial tendencies. c)are highly intelligent. d)are girls.