Q&A Hero

Q: which of the following is true about body proportions during puberty? a)boys hips broaden relative to the waist. b)girls shoulders broaden relative to the hips. c)girls hips broaden relative to the shoulders. d)girls legs become longer in relation to the rest of the body.

Q: during puberty, a)the hands, legs, and feet accelerate first. b)growth follows the cephalocaudal trend. c)the torso accelerates first. d)children grow from the head first, then the torso.

Q: fifteen-year-old jesse is growing at his peak. he will probably add more than ___ inches and ____ pounds this year. a)2; 16 b)4; 26 c)6; 10 d)8; 20

Q: altogether, adolescents add _____ inches in height and _____ pounds in weight. a)6 to 7; 25 to 35 b)8 to 9; 35 to 50 c)10 to 11; 50 to 75 d)12 to 14; 60 to 80

Q: on average, the growth spurt of puberty is underway for girls shortly after age ___ and for boys around age ____. a)8; 10 b)9; 11 c)10; 12 d)10; 13

Q: the first outward sign of puberty is a)menarche. b)spermarche. c)the growth spurt. d)the cephalocaudal trend.

Q: ________ influence girls height spurt and stimulate growth of underarm and pubic hair. a)adrenal androgens b)estrogens c)testosterones d)a combination of gh and estrogen

Q: which of the following is true about sex hormones? a)boys have only male hormones called androgens. b)girls have only female hormones called estrogens. c)neither androgens nor estrogens are present in the average boy. d)both androgens and estrogens are present in different amounts in boys and girls.

Q: the boys testes release large quantities of __________, which leads to muscle growth, body and facial hair, and other male sex characteristics. a)adrenal androgens b)estrogens c)the androgen testosterone d)cortisol and thyroxine

Q: sexual maturation is controlled by a)androgens and estrogens. b)estrogens and insulin. c)adrenal androgens and melatonin. d)testosterone and cortisol.

Q: secretions of _____ and ______ increase during puberty, leading to tremendous gains in body size and to attainment of skeletal maturity. a)melatonin; gh b)epinephrine; adrenal androgens c)gh; thyroxine d)insulin; gastrin

Q: the hormonal changes that underlie puberty occur gradually and are under way by age a)6 or 7. b)8 or 9. c)10 or 11. d)12 or 13.

Q: on the average, girls reach puberty ________ boys. a)slightly earlier than b)two years earlier than c)at the same time as d)slightly later than

Q: which of the following individuals would you expect to spend the greatest amount of time in adolescence? a)aapep, who lives in a tribal society b)chimalma, who lives in a village society c)desta, who lives in a nonindustrialized country d)brayden, who lives in an industrialized country

Q: fourteen-year-old per has been experiencing pubertal changes, which are now nearly complete. per is in which phase of adolescence? a)early adolescence b)middle adolescence c)late adolescence d)emerging adulthood

Q: kai has achieved his full adult appearance and anticipates assumption of adult roles. kai is in which phase of adolescence? a)early adolescence b)middle adolescence c)late adolescence d)emerging adulthood

Q: shannon is in early adolescence. shannon is between the ages of a)10 and 12. b)11 and14. c)14 and 16. d)16 and 18.

Q: _________ vary/varies substantially among cultures. a)feelings of uncertainty and self-doubt b)the length of adolescence c)the biological changes of adolescence d)the social expectations that accompany adolescence

Q: which of the following statements about adolescence is true? a)the length of adolescence does varies little from culture to culture. b)in modern industrialized societies, the adolescent transition to adulthood is relatively short. c)the biological changes of adolescence are universal, found in all primates and all cultures. d)many cultures do not have an intervening phase between childhood and the full assumption of adult roles.

Q: margaret mead showed that a)to understand adolescent development, researchers must pay greater attention to social and cultural influences. b)samoan adolescents had a similar adolescent experience as young people in western societies. c)the period of adolescence is greatly extended in non-western societies. d)not all cultures have an intervening phase between childhood and adulthood.

Q: _________ was the first researcher to point out the wide variability in adolescent adjustment. a)sigmund freud b)margaret mead c)g. stanley hall d)anna freud

Q: the overall rate of psychological disturbance ________ from childhood to adolescence, when it is about _____ percent. a)rises slightly; 15 b)rises sharply; 35 c)stays about the same; 10 d)decreases slightly; 5

Q: contemporary research suggests that the storm-and-stress notion of adolescence is a)the most accurate perspective. b)greatly understated. c)slightly accurate because most teens experience emotional turbulence. d)greatly exaggerated.

Q: in freuds genital stage, a)social forces determine the young persons reaction to puberty. b)sexual impulses reawaken, triggering psychological conflict and volatile behavior. c)sexual impulses remain dormant for a short period of time. d)the major conflict is calledoedipal conflict.

Q: _________ viewed adolescence as a period so turbulent that it resembled the era in which humans evolved from savages into civilized beings. a)g. stanley hall b)sigmund freud c)jean-jacques rousseau d)anna freud

Q: g. stanley hall described adolescence as a)the period of calm after the storm of childhood. b)the stage in which sexual impulses reawaken and trigger volatile behavior. c)a cascade of instinctual passions. d)a period of harmony and predictability of behaviors.

Q: __________ viewed the teenage years as a biologically based, universal developmental disturbance." a)jean-jacques rousseau b)margaret mead c)g. stanley hall d)anna freud

Q: jean-jacques rousseau believed that a)the biological upheaval of puberty triggers heightened emotionality, conflict, and defiance of adults. b)the social environment has a greater impact on adolescent behavior than the biological events associated with puberty. c)adolescence resembles the period in which humans evolved from savages into civilized beings. d)during adolescence, instinctual drives shift to the genital region of the body, resulting in conflict and volatile, unpredictable behavior.

Q: the beginning of adolescence is marked by a)reaching full adult height. b)assumption of adult roles. c)the onset of puberty. d)secretion of the growth hormone.

Q: franca, age 11, recently started contradicting and disagreeing with her parents. she is self-conscious and often goes to her room and closes the door. franca is a head taller and several pounds heavier than most girls in her sixth-grade class. franca has probably a)developed an eating disorder. b)entered adolescence. c)reached full maturation. d)developed a social phobia.

Q: describe some of the consequences of child sexual abuse from early childhood to adulthood.

Q: discuss blended families and describe some support options available to them.

Q: discuss sibling rivalry, and explain how parents contribute to it.

Q: describe the characteristics of, and explain the difference between, popular-prosocial and popular-antisocial children.

Q: describe the features of friendship in middle childhood.

Q: describe personal and situational factors that affect the extent to which children hold racial and ethnic biases.

Q: what are some ways that schools can prevent learned helplessness and foster a mastery-oriented approach to learning?

Q: how does childrens self-esteem change from early to middle childhood?

Q: children in second through sixth grades who participated in the resolving conflict creatively program a)showed increased relational aggression. b)showed gains in prosocial behavior, but losses in academic achievement. c)less often behaved aggressively and engaged in more prosocial behavior. d)did not benefit from a second year of the intervention.

Q: to maximize the accuracy of childrens testimony, a)children should be interviewed repeatedly and carefully coached. b)interviewers should use a confrontational style of questioning. c)very young children should be questioned using anatomically correct dolls. d)children should be prepared ahead of time, so they know what to expect.

Q: compared with preschoolers, school-age children who give eyewitness testimony are a)better at inferring others motives and intentions. b)less resistant to misleading questions. c)less likely to give detailed narrative accounts. d)less able to recall events accurately.

Q: until recently, children were not assumed fully competent to testify in court cases involving child abuse until age a)3. b)5. c)7. d)10.

Q: marni, an easy-going third-grader with favorable self-esteem, has faced school difficulties, family transitions, and early maltreatment. yet, marni is well-adjusted. marni is a)a stress-resilient child. b)probably living with an adoptive family. c)at great risk for psychological problems in adulthood. d)unlikely to have any warm, supportive adults in her life.

Q: research indicates that ________ relationship exists between stressful life experiences and psychological disturbance in childhood. a)a very strong b)only a modest c)a very weak d)no

Q: the best way to reduce the suffering of victims of child sexual abuse is a)by prosecuting the offender. b)by short-term therapy for the victim. c)to prevent sexual abuse from continuing. d)by teaching them to recognize inappropriate sexual advances.

Q: ellie was sexually abused as a child. this increases her chances of ________ in adulthood. a)engaging in authoritative parenting b)engaging in coercive parenting c)choosing a nonabusive partner d)avoiding sexual activity

Q: younger children who are sexually abused frequently react a)with generalized fearfulness. b)by running away. c)by attempting suicide. d)with substance abuse.

Q: children who _____________ are especially vulnerable to child sexual abuse. a)live in economically advantaged homes b)live in homes with a constantly changing cast of characters c)are physically strong and emotionally stable d)are socially popular and have no disabilities

Q: which of the following is true about child sexual abusers? a)most offenders live in middle- to high-income households and are strangers to the child. b)most offenders prefer a victim who is physically strong and has an assertive personality. c)most offenders do not suffer from any psychological disorders. d)many offenders deny their own responsibility, blaming the abuse on the willing participation of a seductive youngster.

Q: a child sexual abuser is most likely to be a)the victims mother or stepmother. b)a stranger or someone the victim does not know very well. c)male, and either a parent or someone the parent knows well. d)someone the victim does not trust.

Q: which of the following is true about child sexual abuse? a)children with disabilities are abused less than their typically developing peers. b)sexual abuse is committed against children of both sexes, but more often against girls. c)most cases begin in middle childhood and are not reported until adulthood. d)typically, the abuser is a nonrelative whom the child does not know very well.

Q: which child of war, who is separated from her parents, is likely to experience the most emotional stress? a)gasira, who lives with her grandparents b)sentwali, who lives in a shelter c)amira, who lives with a neighboring family d)farrah, who lives with her older sister

Q: children who live in the midst of constant danger, chaos, and deprivation, a)tend to cope better with phobias. b)have fewer anxieties than children with inhibited temperaments. c)are at risk for long-term emotional distress and behavior problems. d)have some short-term, but few long-term, emotional problems.

Q: when war and social crises are temporary, most children a)cannot be comforted. b)do not show long-term emotional difficulties. c)lose their sense of safety. d)build a pessimistic view of the future.

Q: the best protection against lasting problems for children of war is a)parental affection and reassurance. b)religious involvement. c)training in offensive and defensive maneuvers. d)participating in recreational programs.

Q: yolanda has developed an intense, unmanageable fear of the dark. yolanda has a(n) a)anxiety disorder. b)social disorder. c)phobia. d)typical childhood fear.

Q: jane feels severe apprehension about attending school. she often gets dizzy or nauseous and complains of stomachaches. jane is likely to have a)a school bully. b)overindulgent parents. c)a permissive teacher. d)harsh living conditions.

Q: hymie has developed a school phobia. hymies parents should a)tell him to be braver and send him to school anyway. b)insist that he return to school after providing training in how to cope. c)arrange a shortened school day for him. d)give him tangible rewards for each day he attends school without complaining.

Q: alicia, a fourth-grader, regularly looks after herself for two to three hours after she gets home from school and before her mother gets home from work. alicia is a a)home-based child. b)neglected child. c)self-care child. d)afternoon orphan.

Q: which of the following 11-year-old children is the most likely to have adjustment difficulties when left alone at home? a)genevieve, who has a history of authoritative parenting b)trenton, who is left to his own devices for five hours a day c)teresa, who is monitored by parental telephone calls d)alexia, who has regular after-school chores

Q: in middle childhood, childrens anxieties are directed toward the realities of the wider world, such as a fear of a)the dark. b)supernatural beings. c)thunder and lightning. d)war and disaster.

Q: when working mothers enjoy their jobs and remain committed to parenting, children show a)lower self-esteem. b)less positive family and peer relations. c)less gender-stereotyped beliefs. d)poorer academic achievement.

Q: the fishers are a dual-earner family. the fisher children probably ___________ than their friends in single-earner households. a)participate in fewer household chores b)have more rigid gender-role attitudes c)have more behavioral and academic problems d)devote more daily hours to doing homework under parental guidance

Q: samantha is a stay-at-home mother who is considering going back to work. she is concerned about the impact on her childrens adjustment. to provide her children with the greatest benefits, samantha could a)work part-time with a flexible work schedule. b)select a job that she does not really enjoy so that she will not be tempted to get caught up in her work. c)remain a stay-at-home mom until her kids leave home. d)select a full-time job that will quickly get her acclimated to being away from her family.

Q: in the united states today, about _______ of mothers with school-age children are employed. a)one-third b)one-half c)two-thirds d)three-quarters

Q: regardless of ses, daughters of employed mothers a)are more achievement- and career-oriented. b)show lower self-esteem. c)perceive womens roles as involving less satisfaction. d)devote fewer hours to doing homework under parental guidance.

Q: which of the following is true about fatherstepmother families? a)boys, especially, have a hard time getting along with their stepmothers. b)the longer children live in fatherstepmother households, the more negative the interaction with them becomes. c)when fathers have custody, children typically react negatively to remarriage. d)remarriage of noncustodial fathers usually leads to increased contact with their biological children.

Q: which of the following parents is the most likely to pay regular child support? a)betty, a noncustodial mother who sees her son only occasionally b)barney, a noncustodial father who has supervised visitation with his son c)fred, a noncustodial father who sees his daughter often d)wilma, a noncustodial mother who has no visitation rights

Q: seven-year-old matthew and 14-year-old molly have been living with their mother since their parents divorce two years ago. if their mother remarries, you would expect a)matthew to show more adjustment problems than molly. b)molly to show more adjustment problems than matthew. c)neither child to show many adjustment problems. d)both children to have a very difficult adjustment.

Q: stepfathers a)who marry rather than cohabit are usually more involved in parenting. b)generally disrupt the close ties many boys have with their mothers. c)are usually welcomed by girls, regardless of the girls age. d)tend to be more welcomed by older school children than by younger ones.

Q: cheryl and saul are getting a divorce. they are meeting together with a trained professional in order to reduce family conflict, including legal battles over property division and child custody. cheryl and saul are participating in a)marriage counseling. b)joint custody. c)divorce mediation. d)family arbitration.

Q: nikki and alex are divorcing. the court grants both of them an equal say in important decisions about their childrens upbringing. this arrangement is known as a)coparenting. b)shared custody. c)custodial mediation. d)joint custody.

Q: which child is the most likely to be well-adjusted after a divorce? a)corez, whose parents have joint custody b)sequoia, who lives in a sole maternal-custody home c)amanda, who lives in a sole paternal-custody home d)gillian, who lives with her grandmother and neither parent

Q: the overriding factor in positive adjustment after divorce is a)the gender of the child. b)effective parenting. c)the custody and residential arrangements. d)the temperament of the child.

Q: outcomes for sons are better when the a)mother is the sole custodian. b)parents equally split parenting time. c)father has no visitation. d)father is the custodial parent.

Q: which child is the most likely to blame himself for his parents divorce? a)dewayne, age 4 b)emmit, age 9 c)gregory, age 12 d)killian, age 15

Q: which of the following children has the highest risk for poor academic achievement and emotional adjustment? a)zane, a boy who lives with his divorced mother b)logan, a boy who lives with his divorced father c)madisyn, a girl who lives with her divorced mother d)kennedy, a girl who lives with her divorced father

Q: most children show improved adjustment to their parents divorce after a)6 months. b)1 year. c)18 months. d)2 years.

Q: seven-month-old tristans parents are divorcing. if tristan is like the average child of divorce, which of the following is likely to happen? a)tristan will spend about a third of his childhood in a single-parent family. b)neither of tristans parents will remarry. c)tristan will reside with his father. d)tristan will spend about two-thirds of his childhood in a single-parent family.

Q: approximately ________ of divorced parents remarry; and approximately _____ percent of those second marriages end in a divorce. a)one-third; 45 b)one-half; 50 c)one-half; 75 d)two-thirds; 50