Q&A Hero

Q: samantha has recently divorced. she and her 2-year-old are likely to experience which of the following in the initial period after the divorce? a)remaining in the family home b)an increase in income due to child support payments c)a sharp drop in income d)a stronger relationship

Q: trents parents are divorced and he resides with his mother. trents father sees him only occasionally. his fathers parenting style is likely to be a)uninvolved, but loving. b)harsh, but consistent. c)authoritative and warm. d)permissive and indulgent.

Q: the rate of divorce in the united states is a)the lowest in the world. b)the same as most western nations. c)the highest in the world. d)increasing at a steady pace.

Q: about ___ percent of u.s. children live with a single parent who has never married and does not have a partner. a)5 b)10 c)15 d)20

Q: african-american young women a)make up the largest group of never-married parents. b)postpone childbirth more than women in other u.s. ethnic groups. c)postpone marriage less than women in other u.s. ethnic groups. d)are less likely than caucasian young women to raise a child in a single-parent household.

Q: lillys parents are gay. research shows that she is likely to a)be confused about her gender identity. b)suffer from poor mental health. c)have inadequate peer relations. d)be as well-adjusted as other children.

Q: children of gay and lesbian parents can be distinguished from other children by a)the amount of teasing they endure. b)issues related to living in a nonsupportive society. c)their higher-than-average rates of homosexuality. d)their gender role preferences and their gender contentedness.

Q: bao, an only child, lives in china. which of the following is probably true? a)baos development is not as favorable as only children in the united states. b)bao tends to feel emotionally insecure. c)bao differs from agemates with siblings in social skills. d)bao does not differ from agemates with siblings in peer acceptance.

Q: the most common way gay men and lesbians become parents is through a)previous heterosexual marriages. b)surrogacy. c)reproductive technologies. d)adoption.

Q: gay and lesbian adoption is illegal in a)the united kingdom and canada. b)mexico and argentina. c)some u.s. states. d)spain and belgium.

Q: differential treatment of siblings increases when a)siblings strive to be different from one another. b)parents spend more time with children. c)parents are dealing with financial or emotional stress. d)there are fewer children in the family.

Q: brothers alan and james are very different in personality and temperament. what should their parents do to help facilitate their sibling relationship? a)they should maintain a hands-off approach and allow the boys to work independently on the relationship. b)they should use mediation techniques to increase the boys awareness of each others perspectives and reduce animosity. c)they should give alan, the older brother, authority over james, the younger brother, especially in joint decision making. d)they should insist that the brothers rely on each other for companionship by limiting their outside friendships.

Q: which of the following is true about only children in the united states? a)they are spoiled and advantaged compared to children with siblings. b)they are lower in self-esteem compared to children with siblings. c)they do not differ from children with siblings in self-rated personality traits. d)they are better accepted in peer groups than are children from multichild families.

Q: only children ________ than children with siblings. a)do poorer in school b)are somewhat closer to their parents c)have lower achievement motivation d)have fewer close, high-quality friends

Q: jalesas parents exercise general oversight of her activities, while letting jalesa take charge of moment-by-moment decision making. jalesa and her parents are engaging in a)supervisory parenting. b)authoritarian parenting. c)mediation. d)coregulation.

Q: which of the following is true about the parentchild relationship in middle childhood? a)both parents tend to devote more time to children of their own sex. b)mothers tend to focus on achievement-related pursuits and chores. c)fathers tend to focus on ensuring that children meet responsibilities for homework. d)when both parents are present, mothers engage in more caregiving than fathers.

Q: which of the following statements is true about sibling rivalry? a)it tends to decrease in middle childhood. b)parental comparisons are more frequent for same-sex siblings. c)same-sex siblings tend to quarrel less than other-sex siblings. d)children react especially intensely when mothers prefer one child.

Q: which of the following statements is true about families in industrialized nations today? a)there are fewer never-married parents. b)there are more births per family unit. c)families have become more diverse. d)fewer mothers are entering the labor force.

Q: in middle childhood, a)the amount of time children spend with parents increases dramatically. b)child rearing becomes easier for parents who established an authoritative style during the early years. c)the issues parents must deal are similar to the issues they dealt with during the preschool years. d)effective parents retain adult control, while ineffective parents shift control from adult to child.

Q: dr. schulz is conducting a study of the degree to which children feel comfortable with their gender assignment. dr. schulz is examining gender a)typicality. b)contentedness. c)roles. d)stereotypes.

Q: which of the following personality traits is a child most likely to describe as feminine? a)dependent b)rational c)dominant d)aggressive

Q: which of the following subjects are children most likely to regard as more for girls? a)mathematics b)physical education c)language arts d)mechanics

Q: from third to sixth grade, a)boys identification with their feminine personality traits increases. b)girls identification with their feminine personality traits increases. c)girls identification with their masculine personality traits declines. d)boys identification with their masculine personality traits increases.

Q: jacob and sarah are asked to rate the status of traditionally masculine and traditionally feminine occupations. which of the following is most likely to be true? a)both jacob and sarah will rate traditionally masculine occupations as having a higher status than traditionally feminine occupations. b)jacob will rate traditionally masculine occupations as having a higher status than traditionally feminine occupations, and sarah will do the opposite. c)both jacob and sarah will rate traditionally feminine occupations as having a higher status than traditionally masculine occupations. d)jacob will rate traditionally feminine occupations as having a higher status than traditionally masculine occupations, and sarah will do the opposite.

Q: interventions with rejected children aim to help them attribute their peer difficulties to ________ causes. a)external, unchangeable b)external, changeable c)internal, changeable d)internal, unchangeable

Q: during the school years, childrens gender-stereotyped beliefs a)increase in obvious areas of activities and occupations. b)increase in less obvious areas of personality traits and achievement. c)decrease in both obvious and less obvious areas. d)decrease in less obvious areas of achievement and personality traits.

Q: parents a)more often praise girls for knowledge and boys for obedience. b)behave in more mastery-oriented ways with daughters than with sons. c)less often encourage girls to make their own decisions. d)set higher standards for girls than for boys when helping a child with a task.

Q: andy has developed a learned-helpless approach to peer acceptanceconcluding, after repeated rebuffs, that he will never been liked. andy is a _______child. a)rejected-withdrawn b)rejected-aggressive c)neglected d)controversial

Q: many __________ children are unaware of their poor social skills and do not take responsibility for their social failures. a)rejected-withdrawn b)rejected-aggressive c)popular-antisocial d)popular-prosocial

Q: anxious, withdrawn children who ________ show fewer adjustment problems than other victimized children. a)have a close friend b)avoid interacting with others c)are verbally skilled d)can pretend as if they do not care about being teased

Q: which of the following is true about bullying? a)most bullies are high-status boys who are liked for their leadership or athletic abilities. b)aggression and victimization are polar opposites. c)the best way to reduce bullying is to teach the victim to be more aggressive. d)chronic victims tend to be passive when active behavior is expected.

Q: about _______ percent of children are repeatedly victimized by bullies. a)3 to 7 b)9 to 12 c)15 to 30 d)35 to 50

Q: kurt is a target of verbal abuse, physical attacks, and other forms of abuse. kurt is a)a rejected-aggressive child. b)experiencing peer victimization. c)experiencing atypical bullying. d)a controversial-withdrawn child.

Q: neglected children a)report feeling especially lonely compared to others. b)are usually well-adjusted. c)are less socially skilled than their average peers. d)attempt to engage in high rates of interaction.

Q: sophia displays a blend of positive and negative social behaviors. she is disruptive, but also engages in prosocial acts. sophia is a __________ child. a)popular-antisocial b)rejected-aggressive c)neglected d)controversial

Q: rejected-withdrawn children are a)impulsive and hyperactive. b)likely to blame others for their social difficulties. c)socially awkward and passive. d)good students who have problems with adult authority.

Q: kristen exhibits hyperactive, inattentive, and impulsive behavior. she is deficient in perspective taking, and shows high rates of physical and relational conflict. kristen is a ______________ child. a)rejected-withdrawn b)rejected-aggressive c)popular-prosocial d)popular-antisocial

Q: despite his aggressiveness, tyler is admired by his peers for his sophisticated but devious social skills. tyler is a _____________ child. a)rejected-withdrawn b)rejected-aggressive c)popular-antisocial d)popular-prosocial

Q: yvonne is well-liked by her peers. she gets good grades, solves social problems constructively, and communicates in friendly and cooperative ways. yvonne is a popular- __________ child. a)prosocial b)antisocial c)aggressive d)neglected

Q: school-age children with peer-relationship problems are more likely to a)have experienced permissive discipline. b)come from middle-ses families. c)have weak emotional self-regulation skills. d)have experienced authoritative discipline.

Q: which of the following children is most at risk for delinquency in adolescence and criminality in adulthood? a)david, an average child b)marie, a rejected child c)leo, a controversial child d)lisa, a popular child

Q: jade did not receive any extreme scores on peer acceptance self-reports from the children in her class, but was not neglected either. how would jade be classified? a)popular b)average c)rejected d)controversial

Q: charlene received many positive and no negative votes on peer acceptance self-reports from the children in her class. how would charlene be classified? a)popular b)rejected c)controversial d)neglected

Q: charles received few positive and many negative votes on peer acceptance self-reports from the children in his class. how would charles be classified? a)popular b)rejected c)controversial d)neglected

Q: childrens peer acceptance self-reports reveal that neglected children receive a)a high number of positive and negative votes. b)a high number of negative votes. c)mostly positive votes, with a few negative votes. d)few positive or negative votes.

Q: childrens peer acceptance self-reports reveal that controversial children receive a)a high number of positive and negative votes. b)a high number of negative votes. c)few positive or negative votes. d)no extreme scores.

Q: self-reports that measure social prominence assess a)peer acceptance. b)peer culture. c)gender typing. d)friendships.

Q: holden, a prosocial child, is friends with jack, an aggressive child. which of the following is most likely to be true? a)they will remain friends through adulthood. b)they will have a high exchange of private feelings. c)each boy will be able to rely on support from the other. d)their friendship will be riddled with hostile interaction.

Q: delia and tanner are both aggressive girls. which of the following is probably true about their friendship? a)it is low in exchange of private feelings. b)it is full of relational hostility. c)it involves frequent physical attacks. d)it is unlikely to include jealousy or betrayal.

Q: which of the following is most likely true about 8-year-old aja? a)she has a lot of friends of varying ages. b)she has a few good friends, who do not resemble her in personality. c)she has only a handful of good friends, who, like aja, are popular and do well in school. d)she has a lot of friends of diverse ethnic and ses groups.

Q: during middle childhood, ________ is the defining feature of friendship. a)trust b)selectivity c)power d)conflict

Q: adult involvement in formal groups, such as 4-h and scouting, a)prevents children from realizing the gains in social maturity associated with peer groups. b)prevents children from realizing the gains in moral maturity associated with peer groups. c)holds in check the negative behaviors associated with informal peer groups. d)stifles childrens desire for formal or informal peer group belonging.

Q: within peer groups, children a)learn to embrace their individuality and uniqueness. b)acquire many social skills. c)are unlikely to endorse excluding a member. d)do not experience relational aggression.

Q: which of the following statements about peer groups is true? a)they rebuff members who deviate from their codes of dress and behavior. b)religion is a primary factor in the formation of peer groups. c)peer groups are diverse in terms of ethnic and gender composition. d)they are usually non-exclusive.

Q: when peer groups are tracked a)for three to six weeks, substantial membership changes occur. b)from year to year, membership changes very little even though classrooms are reshuffled. c)from year to year, about 30 to 40 percent of groups consist mostly of the same children. d)for three to six weeks, membership changes very little.

Q: by the end of middle childhood, children form ______ on the basis of proximity, gender, ethnicity, and popularity. a)social clubs b)social networks c)peer groups d)dominance hierarchies

Q: which of the following is true about reducing prejudices? a)long-term contact and collaboration in neighborhoods, schools, and communities may be the best way to reduce prejudices. b)children assigned to cooperative learning groups with peers of diverse backgrounds have fewer prejudices even with regard to out-group members who are not part of the learning teams. c)classrooms that expose children to broad ethnic diversity often cause children to form negative biases about out-group members. d)the more children believe that personalities are fixed, the more they report liking and perceiving themselves as similar to members of disadvantaged groups.

Q: children __________ are _____ likely to hold racial and ethnic prejudices. a)who believe that personality traits are changeable; more b)with average to low-self esteem; more c)who say their own ethnicity makes them feel especially good; less d)with very high self-esteem; more

Q: which of the following is true about in-group and out-group racial biases? a)by age 5 to 7, minority children generally evaluate their own racial group favorably. b)after age 7 or 8, majority, but not minority, children express in-group favoritism. c)by age 5 to 7, white children generally evaluate other racial groups less favorably. d)white childrens prejudice against out-group members usually strengthens after age 7 or 8.

Q: the most striking feature of childrens concepts of god is a)how different their thinking is from that of adults. b)their mix of tangible and intangible features. c)that their representations of god are restricted to a big person image. d)that their thinking is not strongly influenced by religious education.

Q: previous research about childrens understanding of god led to a uniform conclusion that children a)had an abstract, mystical view of god. b)assigned anthropomorphic characteristics to god. c)saw god as omniscient and omnipotent. d)were not limited to parental images of god.

Q: which of the following is true about inequality? a)unless their parents are racist, children rarely demonstrate negative racial attitudes. b)white childrens parents and friends racial attitudes typically resemble their own. c)by the early school years, children associate power and privilege with white people. d)most childrens attitudes about group status come exclusively from explicit messages from adults.

Q: the likelihood that a child will negatively evaluate an adults order to commit an immoral act a)is much greater for a child from a collectivist, rather than an individualist, society. b)depends primarily on the childs gender, with boys being more likely than girls to respond negatively. c)is directly related to the childs socioeconomic status. d)is unrelated to the childs cultural background.

Q: children everywhere seem to realize that _________ must prevail when _________ is/are at stake. a)higher principles; personal rights b)deference to authority; personal welfare c)respect for adults; personal matters d)rules; collective rights

Q: ________ declines in middle childhood. a)moral understanding b)social-conventional understanding c)prejudice d)childrens understanding of god

Q: as early as age 6, children a)recognize the importance of individual rights for maintaining a fair society. b)view freedom of speech and religion as individual rights. c)place limits on individual choice. d)express very few prejudices.

Q: in middle childhood, children realize that people whose ______ differs may not be equally responsible for moral transgressions. a)gender b)ethnicity c)knowledge d)nationality

Q: in middle childhood, children realize that peoples ________ and ____________ affect the moral implications of violating a social convention. a)intentions; the context of their actions b)age; intelligence c)gender; the context of their actions d)religion; nationality

Q: in one study, 8- to 10-year-olds judged the moral implications of flag burning. which of the following was a judgment the children made? a)they stated that private flag burning is worse than public flag burning. b)they stated that burning a flag to start a cooking fire was worse than burning it accidentally. c)they agreed that it was never acceptable to burn a flag, even in a country that treated its citizens unfairly. d)they stated that burning a flag accidentally was worse than burning it to express disapproval of a country.

Q: eight-year-old rachael, a canadian child, is likely to a)say that telling the truth is always good. b)say that telling a lie is always bad. c)favor lying to support the group at the expense of the individual. d)favor lying to support the individual at the expense of the group.

Q: axel can step into his brothers shoes and view his own thoughts, feelings, and behavior from his brothers point of view. axel is at the stage of ________ perspective taking. a)undifferentiated b)social-informational c)self-reflective d)third-party

Q: helena understands that different perspectives may result because people have access to different information. helena is at the stage of ________ perspective taking. a)undifferentiated b)social-informational c)self-reflective d)third-party

Q: grayson understands that third-party perspective taking can be influenced by societal values. grayson is at the stage of ________ perspective taking. a)undifferentiated b)social-informational c)self-reflective d)societal

Q: aisha has the capacity to imagine what other people may be thinking and feeling. aisha has developed a)social referencing. b)self-conceptualization. c)perspective taking. d)emotional self-efficacy.

Q: in response to a story about unjust parental punishment, which of the following children is most likely to say that he or she would feel ok, rather than angry? a)dalaja, a hindu girl b)joslyn, an american girl c)ashoka, a buddhist boy d)samuel, an american boy

Q: emotional self-efficacy a)enables a child to resist an impulse to engage in socially inappropriate behavior. b)fosters a pessimistic outlook. c)prevents a child from understanding and responding sympathetically to the feelings of others. d)fosters a favorable self-image.

Q: ten-year-old justine has a feeling of being in control of her emotional experience. justine has acquired a)problem-centered coping. b)emotion-centered coping. c)emotional self-efficacy. d)self-conscious emotions.

Q: eleven-year-old elin is in line at the drinking fountain. when a boy pushes her from behind, elin is most likely to respond a)by crying. b)using verbal strategies. c)using physical aggression. d)by sulking.

Q: kelsis best friend tells her she does not want to be her friend anymore because she likes jessica better. although kelsi is sad, she tells herself that she has many other friends to play with and she spends the evening listening to her favorite songs. kelsi is using a)problem-centered coping. b)emotion-centered coping. c)learned helplessness. d)mastery-oriented attribution.

Q: ten-year-old stanley knows that his friend maryann is angry because he played with chester at recess. the next day, stanley invites maryann to play with chester and him. stanley is using a)emotion-centered coping. b)problem-centered coping. c)learned helplessness. d)emotional self-efficacy.