Q&A Hero

Q: mr. ryan and two to four of his pupils form a cooperative learning group and take turns leading dialogues on the content of a text passage. mr. ryan is using a)an open classroom. b)culturally responsive instruction. c)reciprocal teaching. d)peer tutoring.

Q: in ms. adkins classroom, children participate in a wide range of challenging activities with teachers and peers, with whom they jointly construct understandings. as children appropriate the knowledge and strategies generated through working together, they become competent, contributing members of their classroom. ms. adkins has a ________ classroom. a)social-constructivist b)traditional c)constructivist d)piagetian-based

Q: hollys birthday is two days before the cutoff date for kindergarten enrollment. her parents are considering delaying her school entry by one year. they should know that research reveals that a)there are long-term academic benefits from delaying school entry. b)school readiness cannot be cultivated through classroom experiences. c)there are long-term social benefits from delaying school entry. d)younger first graders outperform same-age children a year behind them.

Q: the _________ classroom has become increasingly pronounced as a result of the u.s. no child left behind act. a)collectivist b)authoritative c)traditional d)constructivist

Q: mr. selkies classroom includes students whose desks face the front of the classroom, arranged in rows. the students are relatively passivelistening to mr. selkie, who is the sole authority for knowledge, rules, and decision making. mr. selkie does most of the talking, though students are expected to respond when called on. mr. selkie has a(n) _____________ educational philosophy. a)constructivist b)traditional c)authoritative d)collectivist

Q: mrs. finkbiners classroom includes richly equipped learning centers, small groups and individuals solving self-chosen problems, and a teacher who guides and supports in response to childrens needs. mrs. finkbiner has a(n) ______________ educational philosophy. a)constructivist b)traditional c)authoritative d)collectivist

Q: in a study of the impact of class size on elementary school children, placing teachers aides in regular-size classes a)raised math scores. b)raised reading scores. c)had no impact. d)predicted higher graduation rates.

Q: hilda is moving into a new neighborhood before her son starts kindergarten. when she visits schools, hilda should look for a class with approximately how many students to give her son the best opportunity for success? a)13 to 17 b)18 to 21 c)22 to 25 d)26 or more

Q: elena moved to the united states from guatemala when she was 6 years old. research shows that if her school curriculum integrates both spanish and english, she will a)be semilingual. b)gradually lose her spanish. c)fall behind in reading skills. d)acquire english more easily.

Q: children who become fluent in two languages a)develop denser white matter in areas of the right hemisphere. b)gradually lose their first language. c)outperform others on tests of cognitive flexibility. d)often experience difficulties in reading achievement.

Q: miguel is bilingual. he sometimes speaks sentences in english that contain one or more spanish words without violating the grammar of either language. miguel engages in a)topic-focused style. b)classic form. c)topic-associating style. d)code switching.

Q: eight-year-old goran immigrates to the united states with his family. about how long will it take croatian-speaking goran to attain speaking and writing skills in english on a par with his english-speaking agemates? a)1 to 2 years b)3 to 5 years c)5 to 7 years d)until he is an adult

Q: african-american childrens narratives are usually ________ than those of caucasian-american children. a)shorter and simpler b)about the same length as c)less complex d)longer and more complex

Q: mrs. hopfensperger provides her second-graders with opportunities to communicate in many situations. her students show gains in the communicative side of language. mrs. hopfensperger emphasizes a)pragmatics. b)semantics. c)grammar. d)syntax.

Q: during the school years, english-speaking children a)use only the active voice. b)extend the passive voice to inanimate subjects. c)cannot understand infinitive phrases. d)cannot master complex grammatical constructions.

Q: which of the following classes would probably most appreciate the humor of riddles and puns? a)a preschool class b)a kindergarten class c)a third grade class d)a high school class

Q: when asked to define bicycle, emi said, its got wheels, a chain, and handlebars. emi is probably a)a preschooler. b)a first grader. c)a sixth grader. d)deficient in metalinguistic awareness.

Q: on average, children in middle childhood learn about ____ new words each day. a)5 b)10 c)15 d)20

Q: in middle childhood, childrens attitude toward language undergoes a fundamental shift as they develop a)metalinguistic awareness. b)linguistic reasoning. c)a theory of language. d)systemic linguistics.

Q: dynamic assessment a)emphasizes previously acquired knowledge. b)requires little knowledge of cultural values. c)helps identify forms of instruction best suited to the child. d)is quick and easy to administer.

Q: dynamic assessment is consistent with ___________ theory. a)piagets b)vygotskys c)freuds d)jensens

Q: when assessing students, mrs. carter introduces purposeful teaching into the testing situation to find out what the child can attain with social support. mrs. carter is using a)dynamic assessment. b)disengagement. c)static assessment. d)stereotype assessment.

Q: over middle childhood, reyandre, an african american, became increasingly conscious of ethnic stereotypes. by early adolescence, she stopped caring about her grades and said that school was not important to her. reyandres attitude is an example of a)stereotype threat. b)disengagement. c)dynamic assessment. d)an educational bias.

Q: hershel, an african american, has heard that his test administrator believes negative stereotypes about african-american learners. he becomes anxious and distracted, which results in a lower test score. hershels fear is an example of a)stereotype threat. b)disengagement. c)dynamic assessment. d)test bias.

Q: childrens exposure to ___________has a profound impact on iq test performance. a)a collaborative communication style b)high-stakes testing c)classroom learning d)digital media

Q: mrs. noneman directs her children to each carry out an aspect of a task. each child is expected to work independently. mrs. noneman prefers a(n) _______________ style of communication. a)collaborative b)hierarchical c)abstract d)authoritarian

Q: javiers father works together with him in a coordinated, fluid way. each focuses on the same aspect of a problem. javiers father prefers a(n) ______________ style of communication. a)collaborative b)hierarchical c)abstract d)authoritarian

Q: african-american parents communication style with their children emphasizes ________ over _________. a)facts; emotional and social concerns b)quick-witted jokes; serious conversation c)emotional and social concerns; facts about the world d)facts; problem solving

Q: research on african-american children adopted into middle-ses white homes during the first year of life shows that a)these children score similarly in iq to children who remain in low-ses homes. b)poverty depresses the intelligence of ethnic minority children. c)genetic factors have a powerful impact on african-american childrens iqs. d)environmental factors have little impact on african-american childrens iqs.

Q: adoption studies consistently reveal that a)about three-quarters of the differences in iq among children can be traced to their genetic makeup. b)when young children are adopted into stimulating homes, their iqs rise substantially. c)adopted children from low-iq biological mothers score below average on iq tests during the school years. d)adopted children score, on average, 15 to 20 points lower in iq than their nonadopted agemates.

Q: the most powerful evidence on the role of heredity in iq involves a)adoption studies. b)dna testing. c)twin comparisons. d)nontwin comparisons.

Q: arthur jensens how much can we boost iq and scholastic achievement? claims that ________ is largely responsible for individual, ethnic, and ses variations in intelligence. a)heredity b)educational opportunity c)child rearing d)culture

Q: the iq gap between middle-ses and low-ses american children is about _____ points. a)3 b)6 c)9 d)12

Q: which of the following is true about the iq scores of american children? a)american white children score, on average, four to eight iq points below american black children. b)although the difference in iq scores has been shrinking over the past several decades, a substantial gap remains. c)over the past several decades, the difference in iq scores between american white children and american black children has grown. d)american black children fall midway between white and hispanic children in average iq score.

Q: mr. klakkit provides his fourth-graders with lessons that emphasize respect and caring for others and resistance to unfavorable peer pressure. mr. klakkit is trying to improve his students _________ intelligence. a)spatial b)intrapersonal c)emotional d)linguistic

Q: in school-age children, adolescents, and adults, ________ intelligence is positively associated with self-esteem, leadership skills, and life satisfaction, and negatively related to depression and aggressive behavior. a)spatial b)emotional c)analytical d)bodily-kinesthetic

Q: gardners _________ and __________ intelligences include a set of capacities for dealing with people and understanding oneself that has become known as emotional intelligence. a)linguistic; musical b)spatial; bodily-kinesthetic c)interpersonal; intrapersonal d)interpersonal; social

Q: kyle recognizes and classifies all varieties of animals and plants. according to gardner, kyle excels in _____________ intelligence. a)spatial b)naturalist c)linguistic d)logico-mathematical

Q: thad is sensitive to the sounds, rhythms, and meaning of words. according to gardners theory of multiple intelligences, thad should consider which of the following careers? a)therapist b)navigator c)composer d)journalist

Q: rosanna scores highly in gardners spatial intelligence. based on these test results, which of the following occupations might rosanna be best suited for? a)writer b)engineer c)sculptor d)biologist

Q: nyse has the ability to discriminate complex inner feelings and to use them to guide her own behavior. according to gardner, nyse has a strong __________ intelligence. a)intrapersonal b)interpersonal c)naturalist d)bodily-kinesthetic

Q: howard gardner proposes at least ________ independent intelligences. a)two b)four c)six d)eight

Q: which of the following parents is most likely to mention cognitive traits when asked for their idea of an intelligent first grader? a)boupha, a cambodian immigrant to the united states b)lupe, a mexican-american c)chi, a vietnamese immigrant to the united states d)cindy, a caucasian-american

Q: _________intelligence reminds us that intelligent behavior is never culture-free. a)analytical b)creative c)practical d)experiential

Q: noah thinks more skillfully than others when faced with novelty. given a new task, noah applies his information-processing skills in exceptionally effective ways, rapidly making these skills automatic so that working memory is freed for more complex aspects of the situation. according to sternbergs theory, noahs strengths lie in ________ intelligence. a)analytical b)creative c)practical d)experiential

Q: andrei skillfully adapts his thinking to fit with both his desires and the demands of his everyday world. when he cannot adapt to a new situation, andrei tries to shape it to meet his needs. according to sternberg, andrei excels in ________ intelligence. a)analytical b)creative c)practical d)experiential

Q: nianzu quickly applies learning and memory strategies to new situations and engages in self-regulation and metacognitive monitoring of her own learning. according to sternberg, nianzu excels in ________ intelligence. a)analytical b)creative c)practical d)experiential

Q: sternbergs triarchic theory of successful intelligence is comprised of which of the following broad interacting intelligences? a)experiential, interpersonal, and academic b)fluid, crystallized, and social c)contextual, verbal, and spatial d)analytical, creative, and practical

Q: a major shortcoming of the componential approach is that it a)focuses too much on cultural-bias in intelligence testing. b)regards intelligence as entirely due to causes within the child. c)has not generated enough research. d)does not try to uncover the underlying basis of iq.

Q: ___________ is/are a good predictor of iq. a)well-developed gross-motor skills b)inhibition skill c)slow, steady nervous system function d)rem brain-wave patterns during sleep

Q: professor diaz is conducting a study to determine whether a childs information-processing speed is related to her iq. he is conducting a a)functional assessment. b)factor analysis. c)componential analysis. d)dynamic assessment.

Q: many psychologists and educators came to prefer the wechsler intelligence tests because they offered ____________ long before the stanford-binet. a)both a measure of general intelligence and a variety of factor scores b)a measure of general intelligence c)fact-oriented information d)componential analysis

Q: _____________ was designed to downplay culture-dependent information, which is emphasized on only one factor (verbal reasoning). a)the stanford-binet intelligence scales, fifth edition, b)the wechsler intelligence scale for children-iv c)sternbergs triarchic theory d)gardners theory of multiple intelligences

Q: the stanford-binet intelligence scales a)include only a verbal mode in its 10 subtests. b)assess general intelligence and five intellectual factors. c)are only used to test children ages 6 to 16. d)are the most culture-free measure of intelligence available.

Q: the __________ items on an intelligence test are assumed to assess more biologically based skills. a)verbal b)spatial reasoning c)fact-oriented d)culturally based

Q: unlike group tests, individually administered intelligence tests a)permit large numbers of students to be tested at once. b)are useful in instructional planning. c)must be given by trained individuals. d)identify children who require more extensive group evaluation.

Q: factor analysis identifies a)normative ages for correct responses to items on an iq test. b)which items on an iq test are reliable. c)whether an iq test actually measures intelligence. d)which items on an iq test are strongly correlated with each other.

Q: test designers use __________ to identify the various abilities that intelligence tests measure. a)normative data b)observational studies c)confidence intervals d)factor analysis

Q: around age ____, iq becomes more stable than it was at earlier ages, and it correlates well with academic achievement. a)3 b)4 c)6 d)8

Q: encouraging students to _______ and making sure they ______ are essential for solid mastery of basic math skills. a)memorize math facts; remember them b)apply strategies; know why certain strategies work c)memorize math rules; have a calculator d)have calculators; know how to use them

Q: in teaching mathematics, teachers should focus on a)computation drills alone. b)number sense alone. c)a blend of the drill in computing and number sense methods. d)rote memorization of math facts and rules.

Q: rodneys first-grade teacher exclusively uses a phonics approach to teaching reading. she emphasizes decoding new words and learning the relationship between letters and sounds. with so much emphasis on basic skills, rodney could a)become deficient in understanding the overall meaning of a passage. b)shift from learning to read to reading to learn. c)fail to master letter-sound correspondences. d)decrease his fluency in decoding words.

Q: yolanda entered school low in phonological awareness. without ________, yolanda will probably be behind her agemates in text comprehension skills. a)early phonics training b)reading across the curriculum c)metacognitive training d)special education services

Q: when teachers ___________, first graders show greater literacy progress. a)rely exclusively on the whole language approach b)rely exclusively on the phonics approach c)combine real reading and writing with teaching of phonics d)focus on reading aloud without stopping to concentrate on comprehension

Q: the phonics approach to reading a)claims that as long as reading is kept meaningful, children will be motivated to discover the specific skills they need. b)stresses the relationship between letters and sounds, thus enabling children to decode words. c)stresses an appreciation for word concepts in a story context. d)allows children to decipher meanings of words by reading the words around them.

Q: mrs. markie, a first-grade teacher, believes that, from the beginning, children should be exposed to text in its complete form so that they can appreciate the communicative function of written language. mrs. markie takes a ___________ approach to teaching reading. a)whole-language b)phonics c)reciprocal d)hierarchical

Q: as children make the transition from emergent literacy to conventional reading, _________ continues to facilitate the process. a)whole-language instruction b)private speech c)phonological awareness d)reciprocal teaching

Q: children who acquire effective self-regulatory skills develop a sense of a)metacognition. b)academic integrity. c)academic self-efficacy. d)false belief.

Q: throughout elementary and secondary school, a)most children fail to apply memory strategies. b)self-regulation predicts academic success. c)most children show a utilization deficiency. d)most children show a control deficiency.

Q: aili is aware that she should attend closely to her teachers directions, group items when memorizing, and reread a complicated paragraph to make sure she understands it, but she does not always engage in these activities. aili is not yet good at a)sustained attention. b)applying memory strategies. c)cognitive self-regulation. d)metacognition.

Q: because school-age children have difficulty putting what they know about thinking into action, they are not yet good at a)cognitive self-regulation. b)metacognition. c)problem solving. d)conservation.

Q: appreciation of ________________ greatly assists children in understanding others perspectives. a)theory of mind b)second-order false belief c)elaboration d)cognitive self-regulation

Q: _________ is a persons set of beliefs about mental activities. a)rote memorization b)conceptual organization c)elaboration d)theory of mind

Q: children who are expert in an area a)are highly motivated. b)acquire knowledge slowly, but accurately. c)have difficulty making sense of information that is outside their area of expertise. d)have difficulty organizing information.

Q: elaboration is most likely to be used by a)preschoolers. b)children in early elementary school. c)adolescents and young adults. d)children with adhd.

Q: elaboration is a later-emerging memory strategy because it requires a)a great deal of mental effort and working-memory capacity. b)concrete pieces of information. c)combining rehearsal and organization. d)a greater digit span.

Q: five-year-old charlotte is asked to memorize a list of words. charlotte will probably a)organize well, with strong memory benefits. b)organize inconsistently, but still receive moderate memory benefits. c)switch from organization to elaboration strategies with successful memory benefits. d)organize inconsistently, with little or no memory benefits.

Q: when studying for a test, peter remembers the unrelated words cellular and canine by generating the following mental image, the canine is talking on a cellular phone. which memory strategy is peter using? a)rehearsal b)organization c)elaboration d)chunking

Q: when studying for his geography test, brett groups states together by region. what memory strategy is he using? a)organization b)elaboration c)listing d)rehearsal

Q: when her 10-year-old son comes home from school, mrs. calder sits down with him and organizes his homework. she makes a list for him of what to tackle first and what to put off until later. she does not ask her son to help with this task. mrs. calder a)is helping her son develop planning strategies. b)is helping her son with his utilization deficiency. c)might be robbing her son of opportunities to plan. d)might be creating an effective strategy use for her son.