Q&A Hero

Q: an 11-year-olds reaction time is ________ a 5-year-olds. a)twice as fast as b)half as fast as c)about equal to d)five times as fast as

Q: luke, age 11, can throw a ball harder than he could at age 7. when he is jumping, he can propel himself further off the ground. this increasing ability is known as a)flexibility. b)agility. c)force. d)balance.

Q: danica, age 9, executes difficult tumbling routines. since she started gymnastics at age 4, danica has become more pliable and elastic. this means that danica has improved a)agility. b)flexibility. c)balance. d)force.

Q: between 6 and 12 years of age, hyrum demonstrates quicker, more accurate movements. this means that hyrum has improved a)agility. b)flexibility. c)nimbleness. d)pliability.

Q: as bree gets older, how will her batting abilities change? a)her speed will increase but accuracy will stay the same. b)her speed will stay the same but her accuracy will improve. c)batting motions will involve her entire body. d)batting motions will primarily involve her upper body.

Q: which of the following is true about changes in running, jumping, and gait variations during middle childhood? a)skipping ability, present in early childhood, decreases. b)sideways stepping appears around age 9 and becomes more fluid with age. c)running speed increases from 12 feet per second at age 6 to over 18 feet per second at age 12. d)the average 8-year-old cannot accurately jump and hop from square to square.

Q: at age 6, a ball thrown by a girl travels an average speed of ____ feet per second. a)29 b)39 c)56 d)78

Q: compared with preschoolers, school-age children are a)physically less pliable. b)physically more elastic. c)more agile, but less able to balance. d)stronger, but less agile.

Q: school-age children sometimes believe that sharing a coke causes aids because they a)lack the cognitive skills necessary for understanding biological causes of disease. b)think diseases are punishment for doing something bad. c)view illnesses in superstitious ways. d)generalize their knowledge of familiar diseases to unfamiliar ones.

Q: which of the following children is the most likely to make the following statement: you get a cold when your sinuses fill up with mucus. colds come from viruses. a)jared, a 6-year-old b)gina, an 8-year-old c)david, a 10-year-old d)olivia, a 13-year-old

Q: at what age are children most likely to begin understanding that illness can be caused by contagion? a)4 or 5 b)6 or 7 c)9 or 10 d)12 or 13

Q: imparting health concepts to school-age children is difficult because they a)are far more concerned about schoolwork, friends, and play. b)have time perspectives that relate past, present, and future. c)are typically rebellious, and so information provided to them by an authority figure is likely to be ignored. d)are skeptical of the media and advertising, which are making a huge effort to promote healthy living.

Q: which of the following is true about health education for school-age children? a)health, particularly physical fitness, is usually an important goal for children. b)children cannot see the connection between engaging in preventive behaviors now and experiencing later health consequences. c)children learn health information best through the teaching of health-related facts. d)children have a good sense of how internal organs work, but they do not yet connect specific behaviors with health.

Q: most efforts to impart health concepts to school-age children have a)little impact on behavior. b)a moderate impact on behavior. c)significant impact on behavior when combined with school curriculum. d)significant impact of behavior when combined with food rewards.

Q: if you asked 6-year-old martin how to keep himself healthy, he would probably say a)it has to do with how internal organs work. b)it is important to eat right so the body can build new muscles and bones. c)he does not understand the question. d)it is a matter of eating vegetables and wearing a jacket when the weather is cold.

Q: during the preschool and early school years, children a)have a good understanding of what is inside the body but do not apply this knowledge to explain causes of illness. b)do not have a good understanding of what is inside the body but do understand biological causes of illness. c)do not have much biological knowledge to bring to bear on their understanding of health and illness. d)have limited understanding of illness unless they have experienced a serious threat to their health.

Q: which of the following children is the most likely to be a risk-taker? a)betsy, whose parents are safety-conscious b)frank, whose parents strictly supervise his activities c)deanna, whose parents consistently enforce rules d)donald, whose parents use punitive discipline

Q: parents a)often underestimate their childs safety knowledge. b)often underestimate their childs physical abilities. c)have little influence on childrens safety knowledge. d)must be educated about childrens age-related safety capabilities.

Q: which of the following is true about childhood injuries? a)injury fatalities decrease from middle childhood into adolescence. b)injury rates for girls rise considerable above those for boys. c)motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of injury fatalities in middle childhood. d)sports-related injuries are the second leading cause of injury in middle childhood.

Q: __________ is related to asthma in middle childhood. a)obesity b)enuresis c)otitis media d)myopia

Q: the most frequent cause of school absence is a)oversleeping. b)asthma. c)the flu. d)the common cold.

Q: when anne engages in intense exercise, particularly in cold weather or during allergy season, her bronchial tubes fill with mucus and contract. this causes her to cough and have serious breathing difficulties. anne has a)nocturnal enuresis. b)asthma. c)emphysema. d)bronchitis.

Q: on average, illness causes children to miss about ____ days of school per year. a)3 b)8 c)11 d)14

Q: children experience a somewhat higher rate of illness during a)toddlerhood. b)the preschool years. c)the first two years of elementary school. d)the last two years before the onset of adolescence.

Q: mikkah is 8 years old and experiences nocturnal enuresis. his parents have decided against any type of treatment, feeling that he will outgrow it. his parents should know that a)treatment in middle childhood has immediate positive psychological consequences. b)enuresis is not something that can be outgrown. c)doing nothing is, in fact, the most effective treatment for enuresis. d)without medical intervention, he runs a high risk of having this problem reoccur throughout his life.

Q: seven-year-old derek is having problems with bedwetting at night. which of the following is probably true? a)derek has not seen a health professional about his problem. b)derek will outgrow this problem by age 8 or 9. c)when dereks parents punish him for wetting, he wets less often. d)dereks problem is a learned behavior, rather than a biological issue.

Q: the most effective treatment for enuresis is/are a)stimulants. b)a urine alarm. c)anxiety medication. d)punishment.

Q: one of the most common causes of enuresis is a)the use of prescription antidepressant drugs, which increase the amount of urine produced. b)abnormalities in the childs urinary tract or bladder. c)falling asleep in a room that is too warm or using too many blankets. d)a hormonal imbalance that permits too much urine to accumulate during the night.

Q: ________ percent of u.s. school-age children suffer from nocturnal enuresis, which refers to ________. a)twenty; nightmares b)ten; bedwetting during the night c)five; a brief period when breathing stops temporarily d)ten; fear of the dark

Q: as many as _____ percent of low-ses children develop some hearing loss as a result of repeated middle ear infections. a)5 b)10 c)20 d)30

Q: the eustachian tube becomes longer, narrow, and more slanted during middle childhood, resulting in a)more frequent bouts of otitis media. b)higher rates of strep throat. c)lower rates of sinus infections. d)reduced incidence of otitis media.

Q: myopia is one of the few health conditions that a)decreases with age. b)can be entirely prevented through changes in behavior. c)increases with family income. d)is unique to industrialized nations.

Q: parents who tell their children not to read in dim light for fear of ruining their eyes are a)voicing well-founded concerns. b)repeating unfounded old wives tales. c)unnecessarily scaring their children. d)actually putting the children at further risk for myopia.

Q: which of the following children is most likely to have myopia? a)travis, who lives in a high-ses household b)devin, whose parents have good eyesight c)chen, who weighed 8 pounds at birth d)hallie, whose lives in a low-ses household

Q: school-age children with low birth weights show an especially high rate of a)myopia. b)otitis media. c)malnutrition. d)presbyopia.

Q: by the end of the school years, nearly ____ percent of all children have myopia. a)15 b)25 c)35 d)45

Q: ________is the most common vision problem in middle childhood. a)presbyopia b)tunnel vision c)astigmatism d)myopia

Q: schools can help reduce obesity by a)serving fewer meals. b)offering more sports. c)providing additional recess time. d)having adults chose meals for overweight children.

Q: rewarding children for ________ seems to increase their sense of personal control of exercising. a)time spent exercising b)giving up inactivity c)eating less d)documenting daily physical activity

Q: the most effective interventions for childhood obesity are a)family-based and focus on changing behaviors. b)crash diets. c)school-based programs. d)competitive sports.

Q: between the 1970s and the 1990s, due to increasingly busy lives and the growing assortment of high-calorie snack foods, average daily food intake rose by almost ______ calories. a)100 b)200 c)300 d)400

Q: research reveals that when presented with supersized food portions, individuals increase their food intake on average by ________ percent. a)5 to 10 b)10 to 15 c)20 to 25 d)25 to 30

Q: _________ constitutes one-sixth of the caloric intake of the average american age 2 and older. a)palm oil b)saturated fat c)fructose d)fiber

Q: as an overweight girl, maggi is _______ than her average-weight peers. a)more likely to reach puberty late b)less likely to suffer from depression c)more likely to be socially isolated d)more likely to be given financial aid for college

Q: _________ is related to obesity. a)breastfeeding b)reduced sleep c)a fast metabolism d)vegetarianism

Q: obese children ________ than average-weight children. a)eat more slowly b)are more responsive to internal huger cues c)are less responsive to external stimuli associated with food d)chew their food less thoroughly

Q: jordas parents are immigrants. as children, they suffered from long periods of food deprivation. as a result, they pressure jorda to eat. this practice could contribute to a)disrupting jordas appetite control centers in the brain. b)jorda becoming overweight. c)jorda attaching great value to treats. d)jorda becoming malnourished.

Q: jonathan, age 10, was born underweight because his mother smoked during pregnancy. jonathan is at risk for a)obesity. b)anorexia. c)bulimia. d)a fast basal metabolism.

Q: which of the following children is at risk for excessive weight gain? a)lauralee, whose parents are average weight b)stewart, who lives in a stressful family environment c)donato, who was breastfed for two years d)donna, whose parents are vegans

Q: obese children a)are at a risk for social difficulties, but not emotional problems. b)are likely to have at least one obese parent. c)usually decide when to eat on the basis of hunger. d)are less likely than average-weight peers to spend many hours watching television.

Q: childhood obesity in china a)is practically nonexistent. b)is especially high in rural regions. c)has reached 10 percent in cities. d)has decreased in the past 25 years.

Q: in developing countries, rates of obesity are a)increasing rapidly. b)stablizing. c)decreasing slowly. d)decreasing rapidly.

Q: an obese child is more than ____ percent over healthy weight, based on body mass index. a)15 b)20 c)25 d)30

Q: studies conducted in kenya, egypt, and mexico revealed that the a)quality of food strongly predicted favorable cognitive development in middle childhood. b)age at which government-sponsored food programs were available was more important than vitamin supplements. c)quantity of food strongly predicted favorable cognitive development in middle childhood. d)regularity of vitamin supplementation was more important than the quality of food.

Q: pax suffers from malnutrition. which of the following statements is probably correct? a)pax will be nonresponsive to stressful situations. b)pax will respond with greater fear to stressful situations. c)pax will exhibit normal motor skills, but altered psychological functioning. d)pax will display normal psychological functioning, but delayed motor functioning.

Q: willeminas mom is concerned that she is not eating a well-balanced diet. one solution is to a)make sure she eats three healthy meals a day, but allow at least one junk food snack between meals. b)keep cheese, fruit, raw vegetables, and peanut butter readily available for snacks. c)make sure to have new, novel healthy food items available for snacks. d)allow her to make her own food choices because children naturally select balanced diets.

Q: school-age children report which of the following after eating junk foods? a)they feel better. b)they focus better. c)they are happier. d)they feel sluggish.

Q: eating an evening meal with parents leads to a diet a)lower in fruits. b)higher in soft drinks. c)lower in fried foods. d)lower in vegetables.

Q: androgens a)decrease among boys at puberty. b)affect brain organization and behavior in many animal species. c)increase among girls at puberty. d)contribute to girls lower activity level.

Q: around age 7 or 8, an increase in _______ occurs in children of both sexes. a)androgens b)estrogens c)brain circuitry d)endocrine

Q: researchers believe that brain functioning may change in middle childhood because of a)the rapid brain growth during that time period. b)an overabundance of gray matter. c)the influence of hormones. d)the decrease in white matter in the corpus callosum.

Q: milos neurotransmitters are not present in appropriate balances. he has begun to experience seizures and loss of motor control. milo may suffer from a)epilepsy. b)cerebral palsy. c)muscular dystrophy. d)autism.

Q: when neurotransmitters are not present in appropriate balances, a)cognitive performance increases. b)children may suffer serious developmental problems. c)social adjustment improves. d)the ability to withstand stress increases.

Q: secretions of __________ are related to cognitive performance. a)the frontal lobes b)particular neurotransmitters c)the corpus callosum d)growth hormone

Q: gray matter a)replaces white matter in middle childhood. b)consists largely of myelinated nerve fibers. c)increases steadily throughout childhood and adolescence. d)declines as synaptic pruning and death of surrounding neurons proceed.

Q: white matter a)increases steadily throughout childhood and adolescence. b)consists mostly of neurons and synapses. c)begins to decline in middle childhood. d)contains fewer myelinated nerve fibers than does gray matter.

Q: the weight of the brain increases by ____ percent during middle childhood and adolescence. a)5 b)10 c)15 d)20

Q: which of the following is a cause of malocclusion? a)sleeping with a bottle at night b)eating too many sweets c)wearing braces d)crowding of permanent teeth

Q: a common way to treat a malocclusion is by a)requiring regular teeth cleaning. b)filling all cavities. c)putting braces on the teeth. d)flossing at least three times per week.

Q: janice, age 7, is an eager thumb sucker. as a result, janice is at risk for a)tooth decay. b)a malocclusion. c)gum disease. d)a tongue thrust.

Q: wendi, a dental hygiene student, is visiting a second grade classroom to teach 26 children proper brushing techniques. based on u.s. averages, how many students can she expect to see with some tooth decay? a)4 b)9 c)13 d)20

Q: dental health affects a childs a) resistance to disease. b)personality. c)speech. d)iq.

Q: most children need help with flossing until about ____ years of age. a)6 b)9 c)12 d)15

Q: grace, a third grader, is beginning to get many of her permanent teeth. her mom is concerned because graces permanent teeth seem much too large. what can you tell graces mom? a)graces permanent teeth will appear shorter as they settle in to her jaw. b)as grace loses all 24 of her primary teeth, the permanent teeth will appear smaller. c)as graces neck and torso grow, her teeth will appear smaller. d)graces jaw and chin bones will grow to accommodate the newly erupting teeth.

Q: between the ages of 6 and 12, ___ primary teeth are lost and replaced by permanent teeth. a)14 b)16 c)20 d)24

Q: kyras muscles are adapting to her enlarging skeleton. as a result, she will probably a)experience a brief period of enhanced physical coordination. b)display unusual physical dexterity of movement. c)notice a slight decrease in muscular strength. d)experience nighttime growing pains.

Q: emma, age 8, can turn cartwheels, do the splits, and do handsprings. this is probably due to which two factors of growth in middle childhood? a)ligaments not firmly attached to bones; increasing muscle strength b)hardening of the bones; tightening of ligaments c)muscles that are loosely attached to bones; undeveloped muscle tone d)underdeveloped hip and knee joints; muscles that do not fully develop until adolescence

Q: during middle childhood, the bones of the body a)stop growing. b)shorten and narrow. c)lengthen and broaden. d)are firmly attached to ligaments.

Q: in regions with widespread poverty, famine, and disease, a secular _________ has occurred. a)increase in height b)increase in weight c)increase in obesity d)decrease in body size

Q: the larger size of todays children is mostly due to a)food additives. b)a faster rate of physical development. c)a cultural change in body image. d)widespread immunization.