Q&A Hero

Q: during the final months of pregnancy, the fetus a)gains more than 5 pounds and grows 7 inches. b)spends the majority of the day awake. c)assumes a right-side-up position. d)gains less than 2 pounds and grows less than 3 inches.

Q: monica provides her fetus with stimulation specially designed to enhance later mental development. monica should know that a)playing classical music is likely to have a long-lasting impact on cognitive development. b)reading aloud is likely to have a long-lasting impact on cognitive development. c)later experiences can override the impact of fetal stimulation. d)prolonged exposure to sounds is just as harmless to fetal inner-ear structure as they are to the mature ear.

Q: a study involving the fetal heart rates response to auditory stimuli during the third trimester suggests that fetuses a)cannot hear sounds from the outside world. b)can remember for at least a brief period. c)cannot distinguish between their mothers voice and a strangers voice. d)cannot distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar melodies.

Q: during the third trimester, a)the fetus spends the majority of the day awake. b)painkillers should be used during any surgical procedures performed on a fetus. c)fetuses can hear bodily noises but not noises that occur outside of the womb. d)higher fetal activity is linked with abnormal neurological development.

Q: in one study, more active fetuses during the third trimester became 1-year-olds who __________ than those who were less active prenatally. a)could better handle frustration b)less readily interacted with unfamiliar adults c)were more fearful d)less readily interacted with toys

Q: synchrony between fetal heart rate and motor activity peaks between _______ and _______ weeks. a)20; 22 b)24; 26 c)27; 29 d)30; 34

Q: carmen is prematurely delivering her baby at 28 weeks. the baby will probably a)not survive. b)need oxygen assistance to breathe. c)experience intense pain. d)spend the next few weeks with no periods of alertness.

Q: the age of viability occurs sometime between _______ and _______ weeks. a)18; 22 b)20; 24 c)22; 26 d)26; 30

Q: saras doctor is looking inside her uterus using fetoscopy. her 22-week-old fetus may react by a)grabbing at the light. b)holding its toes. c)shielding its eyes. d)kicking its legs.

Q: from the twentieth week until birth, a)brain weight increases tenfold. b)glial cells decrease at a rapid rate. c)the fetus is viable. d)brain growth slows.

Q: during the second trimester, a)convolutions appear on the surface of the brain. b)the fetus takes on the beginnings of a personality. c)lanugo appears over the entire body. d)the fetus can distinguish the tone and rhythm of different voices.

Q: during her first prenatal visit, latoyas doctor explains that the _______ prevent(s) the skin from chapping during the long months spent bathing in the amniotic fluid. a)villi b)vernix c)glial cells d)chorion

Q: which of the following statements is true about zolas third month of pregnancy? a)she should be able to feel the baby move. b)she should avoid regular exercise. c)she should be able to hear the heartbeat through a stethoscope. d)she should have gained at least 10 pounds since becoming pregnant.

Q: mel wonders when he will be able to find out the sex of his baby. you tell him that he should be able to detect the sex with ultrasound as early as the _____ week of pregnancy. a)ninth b)twelfth c)fifteenth d)eighteenth

Q: during the third month of pregnancy, a)the fetus can suck its thumb. b)tiny buds become arms, legs, fingers, and toes. c)neuron production begins. d)the eyes, ears, and nose form.

Q: during the period of the fetus, the a) developing organism increases rapidly in size. b) most rapid prenatal changes take place. c) heart begins to pump blood. d) brain is formed.

Q: the developing organism responds to touch during the ________ month of pregnancy. a)first b)second c)third d)fourth

Q: during the second month of pregnancy, the a)embryo reacts to light. b)embryo kicks and bends its arms. c)heart begins to pump blood. d)heart develops separate chambers.

Q: at the beginning of the embryonic period, the ________ system develops fastest. a)nervous b)circulatory c)digestive d)skeletal

Q: the ________ becomes the nervous system. a)ectoderm b)mesoderm c)endoderm d)trophoblast

Q: the most rapid prenatal changes take place during the a)period of the zygote. b)period of the fetus. c)period of the embryo. d)final trimester.

Q: the placenta is connected to the developing organism by the a)uterine wall. b)amnion. c)chorion. d)umbilical cord.

Q: valerie, 2-months pregnant, wonders how food and oxygen are delivered to the developing organism. you should tell valerie that the ___________ performs this function. a)chorion b)amnion c)placenta d)neural tube

Q: as many as _____ percent of zygotes do not survive the first two weeks. a)20 b)30 c)40 d)50

Q: the _______ produces blood cells until the developing liver, spleen, and bone marrow are mature enough to take over this function. a)amnion b)chorion c)placenta d)yolk sac

Q: between the seventh and the ninth days after fertilization, _________ occurs. a)the period of the embryo b)the period of the fetus c)implantation d)cell duplication

Q: the ________ becomes the new organism. a)embryonic disk b)trophoblast c)amnion d)chorion

Q: the period of the zygote lasts a)for about 13 weeks, or a trimester. b)from fertilization to implantation. c)for about 6 weeks. d)from conception to fertilization.

Q: following conception, the one-celled ________ multiplies and forms a(n) ________. a)blastocyst; zygote b)blastocyst; embryo c)zygote; blastocyst d)embryo; fetus

Q: most conceptions result from intercourse during the a)first week of the menstrual cycle. b)last week of the menstrual cycle. c)day of ovulation and the two days following it. d)two days preceding ovulation and the day of ovulation.

Q: the ovum can survive for _____ after it is released into the fallopian tube. a)a couple of hours b)one day c)four days d)six days

Q: sperm can survive for up to a)twelve hours. b)two days. c)four days. d)six days.

Q: the __________ secretes hormones that prepare the lining of the uterus to receive a fertilized ovum. a)ovaries b)corpus luteum c)fallopian tubes d)cervix

Q: research on childbearing reveals that a)fertility problems do not increase for men between ages 25 and 45. b)fertility problems among women do not show any increase until age 40. c)reproductive technologies are equally successful among younger and older parents. d)a 45-year-old man is less fertile than a 25-year-old man.

Q: which of the following statements is true about birthrate trends between 1970 and 2008? a)the birthrate increased during this period for women 20 to 24 years of age. b)the birthrate decreased during this period for women 25 years of age and older. c)for women in their thirties, the birthrate more than doubled during this period. d)the greatest decline in the birthrate during this period was for women in their thirties.

Q: which of the following statements is true about only children? a)they are more intelligent than children with siblings. b)they are as well-adjusted as children with siblings. c)they have more emotional problems than children with siblings. d)they are less intelligent than children with siblings.

Q: which of the following statements is supported by research on family size? a)parental quality declines as new children are born. b)new births lead to an increase in maternal affection toward older siblings. c)limiting family size increases the chances of having children with high intelligence scores. d)parents who have many children tend to reallocate their energies.

Q: which of the following was a finding by the u.s. national longitudinal survey of youth? a)mothers with lower intelligence test scores tend to have larger families than mothers with higher scores. b)mothers with small families are usually less well-off economically than mothers with larger families. c)first-born children in large families are more intelligent than their younger siblings. d)only children have lower intelligence test scores than children with siblings.

Q: the average number of children per couple in north america today is a)3.1. b)2.7. c)2.2. d)1.8.

Q: when asked about the disadvantages of parenthood, americans cite _____________ most often. a)loss of freedom b)financial strain c)loss of privacy d)work conflicts

Q: in the united states today, ______ percent of married couples bear children. a)50 b)60 c)70 d)80

Q: today, the issue of whether to have children is a a)biological given. b)compelling social expectation. c)matter of true individual choice. d)matter of legacy.

Q: define and provide an example of niche-picking.

Q: describe range of reaction and canalization, including how each of these concepts helps us to understand how heredity and the environment interact.

Q: summarize the benefits of establishing familyneighborhood ties.

Q: how does educating girls impact the welfare of families, societies, and future generations? what impact does it have on family health?

Q: discuss direct and indirect influences on family functioning, and provide an example of each.

Q: list and describe the steps that prospective parents can take before conception to increase their chances of having a healthy baby.

Q: summarize factors that account for the dramatic rise in fraternal twinning and other multiple births in industrialized nations over the past several decades.

Q: which of the following individuals is the most likely to score high in impulsivity, according to research on smoking? a)daniel, who has a dd genetic makeup and a mother who smoked during pregnancy b)reba, who has a dd genetic makeup and a nonsmoking mother c)john, who has a dd genetic makeup and a mother who smoked prior to becoming pregnant d)samantha, who has a db genetic makeup and a mother who smoked during pregnancy

Q: research suggests that by itself, the dd genotype is a)related to impulsivity. b)unrelated to impulsivity, overactivity, or oppositional behavior. c)related to overactivity. d)related to oppositional behavior.

Q: jada provides her baby with a healthy diet, which promotes brain growth, leading to new connections among nerve cells, which transform gene expression. this sequence opens the door to new geneenvironment exchanges, such as advanced exploration of objects and interaction with caregivers. this is an example of a)niche-picking. b)canalization. c)epigenesis. d)range of reaction.

Q: according to the concept of epigenesis, a)development results from ongoing bidirectional interactions between heredity and all levels of the environment. b)childrens genetic makeup causes them to receive, evoke, and seek experiences that actualize their inborn tendencies. c)heredity restricts the development of some behaviors to just one or a few outcomes. d)childrens genetic inheritance constrains their responsiveness to varying environments.

Q: the relationship between heredity and the environment is a)a one-way street. b)strongest for intelligence. c)best measured using heritability estimates. d)bidirectional.

Q: niche-picking helps us understand why ____________ pairs report similar stressful life events influenced by personal decisions and actions more often than other pairs. a)same-sex fraternal twin b)other-sex fraternal twin c)identical twin d)adopted sibling

Q: which of the following age groups does the most niche-picking? a)infants b)toddlers c)preschoolers d)adolescents

Q: niche-picking is an example of a(n) ___________ geneticenvironmental correlation. a)passive b)evocative c)active d)dynamic

Q: grace, a musically talented youngster, joins the school orchestra and practices her violin. this is an example of a(n) ____________ geneticenvironmental correlation. a)passive b)evocative c)active d)dynamic

Q: marcus, a cooperative, attentive child, receives more patient and sensitive interactions from his parents than they give to erica, his distractible, inattentive sister. this is an example of a(n) ____________ geneticenvironmental correlation. a)passive b)evocative c)active d)dynamic

Q: denyse and david are both actors and have enrolled their children in acting classes. this is an example of a(n) ____________ geneticenvironmental correlation. a)passive b)evocative c)active d)dynamic

Q: according to the concept of geneticenvironmental correlation, a)the environments to which we are exposed determine which genes are expressed in our phenotypes. b)our genes influence the environments to which we are exposed. c)heredity restricts the development of some behaviors to just one or a few outcomes. d)our genes influence how we respond to the environment.

Q: which of the following seems to be strongly canalized? a)intelligence b)motor development c)personality d)emotional development

Q: a behavior that is strongly canalized a)is easily modified by environmental conditions. b)varies greatly with changes in the environment. c)develops similarly in a wide range of environments. d)influences the environment to which the individual is exposed.

Q: range of reaction reveals that a)individuals usually respond similarly to the same environment. b)unique blends of heredity and environment lead to both similarities and differences in behavior. c)twins are more alike than other siblings because they are raised in the same environment. d)our genes influence the environments to which we are exposed.

Q: in an extremely understimulating environment, both bella and alice would have low intelligence. however, in a highly stimulating environment, alices performance would greatly exceed bellas performance. this is an example of a)canalization. b)niche-picking. c)reaction range. d)geneticenvironmental correlation.

Q: heritability estimates a)give precise information on how personality traits develop. b)are likely to diminish the role of heredity because the environments of twin pairs are less diverse. c)tell researchers how environment can modify genetic influences. d)are controversial measures because they can easily be misapplied.

Q: a heritability estimate of .3 for activity level would indicate that differences in __________ could explain ____ percent of the variation in activity level. a)the environment; 30 b)heredity; 70 c)heredity; 30 d)the environment; 3

Q: in a kinship study of intelligence, which of the following sibling pairs will likely share a high correlation? a)max and martin, nontwin brothers b)jabar and tobias, identical twins c)marci and sonia, fraternal twins d)mary jane and susan, nontwin sisters

Q: dr. dimera is interested in measuring the extent to which individual differences in complex traits in a specific population are due to genetic factors. when conducting research, dr. dimera will most likely rely on a)heritability estimates. b)epigenesis. c)canalization. d)geneticenvironmental correlation.

Q: behavioral geneticists a)have identified the variations in dna sequences associated with most psychological disorders. b)argue that the effects of the environment account for only a small amount of variation in behavior. c)are still limited to investigating the impact of genes on complex characteristics indirectly. d)have identified the genes that underlie most polygenic traits, such as intelligence and personality.

Q: in the united states, a)a significant portion of government spending is devoted to improving quality of child care. b)the childrens defense fund is the most vigorous special interest group devoted to the well-being of children. c)the convention on the rights of the child engages in research, public education, and legal action on behalf of children. d)unicef is the most vigorous special interest group devoted to the well-being of american children.

Q: which of the following is an accurate statement about the convention on the rights of the child? a)the united states was one of the first countries in the world whose legislature ratified it. b)opponents maintain that the conventions provisions would shift the burden of child rearing from the state to the family. c)although it includes the rights to freedom of thought and freedom of religion, it does not include the right to a free compulsory education. d)the united states is one of only two countries in the world whose legislature has not yet ratified it.

Q: which of the following is a reason why attempts to help children and youths have been difficult to realize in the united states? a)while good social programs are inexpensive, they must compete for a share of the countrys economic resources. b)cultural values of interdependence and responsibility to others have made federal programs unnecessary. c)children cannot vote or lobby to protect their own interests. d)public policies aimed at fostering childrens development do not yield valuable returns.

Q: in the united states, affordable child care is a)usually high in quality. b)fairly easy to find. c)in short supply. d)the norm.

Q: which of the following is true about how the united states ranks on key measures of childrens health and well-being? a)the united states ranks in the top 10 on most key measures of childrens health. b)the united states ranks higher than poland and germany on the childhood poverty indicator. c)the united states ranks higher than canada in public expenditure on childrens healthcare. d)the united states does not rank well on any key measure of childrens health and well-being.

Q: extended-family living is associated with a)more positive motherchild interaction during the preschool years. b)increased antisocial behavior in adolescents. c)decreased self-reliance in adolescents. d)lower rates of adolescent pregnancy and parenthood.

Q: in the united states today, african-american parents ______________ than caucasian-american parents. a)live farther away from extended-family members b)see fewer relatives during the week c)perceive their relatives as less important in their lives d)more often live in extended-family households

Q: ____________ tends to increase as cultures become more complex. a)collectivism b)interdependence c)individualism d)social harmony

Q: in individualistic societies, people a)define themselves as part of a group. b)are largely concerned with their own personal needs. c)value an interdependent self. d)readily endorse public policies for low-ses families.

Q: in __________ societies, people stress group over individual goals. a)individualistic b)independent c)collectivist d)industrialized