Q&A Hero

Q: _____, which use(s) economic incentives in a designated area to encourage investment, attract(s) businesses to an area.a. Redliningb. Enterprise zonesc. Urban renewald. Disinvestment

Q: . Urban renewal, which rehabilitates a rundown area, usually results in a. new job opportunities for the poor. b. improved housing for the poor. c. displacement of the poor who are living there. d. an increase of the poor population in the renewed area.

Q: _____ is a decision by a bank not to make loans in a particular area. a. Urban renewal b. Redlining c. Disinvestment d. Deindustrialization

Q: According to the principle of diffusion of responsibility, the _____ bystanders to an incident that there are, the _____ likely people are to help. a. fewer; less b. fewer; more c. more; more d. better armed; more

Q: The term alienation was coined by a. Max Weber. b. Herbert Gans. c. Homer Hoyt. d. Karl Marx.

Q: The _____ model shows the impact of radial highways on the movement of people and services away from the central city to the outskirts. a. peripheral b. multiple-nuclei c. radial d. sector

Q: In the invasion"succession model, one group of people _____ another group whose racial"ethnic or social class characteristics differ from their own. a. welcomes b. rents housing to c. intermarries with d. displaces

Q: The result of the multiple-nuclei model is that a. services are not spread evenly throughout the city. b. heavy manufacturing is excluded. c. the city has a single center. d. services are spread evenly throughout the city.

Q: The sector model modified the concentric zone model by a. excluding wholesale and light manufacturing. b. placing sectors, like pie slices, that cut through the concentric zones. c. excluding lower-class residential areas. d. including upper-class residential areas.

Q: In the concentric zone model of Burgess (19..25.), commuters live in Zone a. 1. b. 2. c. 3. d. 5.

Q: _____ describes the relationship between people and their environment, such as land and structures. a. Environmentalism b. The multiple-nuclei model c. Invasion"succession cycle d. Human ecology

Q: . In the process of _____, people move from cities to suburbs. a. urbanization b. gentrification c. suburbanization d. rural rebound

Q: A _____ is a community located just outside of a city. a. megalopolis b. gentrified area c. suburb d. metropolis

Q: Jim bought a foreclosed house in a rundown part of town. The price was a bargain. The place needed a great deal of fixing up, but it was located right smack in the middle of town. Others like him were also moving into the area and fixing up old houses. Jim was taking part in a. building a suburb. b. gentrification. c. an edge city. d. development of a megaregion.

Q: A(n) _____ is a large clustering of service facilities and residential areas near highway intersections that provides a sense of place to people who live, shop, and work there. a. suburb b. edge city c. city d. megaregion

Q: The most rural state in the United States is a. Maine. b. California. c. New York. d. Michigan.

Q: The world's largest megacity is a. Tokyo. b. New York. c. Mexico City. d. Mumbai.

Q: The U.S. Census Bureau divides the United States into 27.4 a. tax bases. b. suburbs. c. metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). d. sub-states.

Q: A(n) _____ merges megacities and nearby populated areas into an even larger mass of people. a. edge city b. metropolis c. city d. megaregion

Q: When a city has 10. million or more residents, it is a(n) a. evolved city. b. megacity. c. megaregion. d. metropolitan statistical area (MSA).

Q: A _____ is an urban area consisting of at least two metropolises and their many suburbs. a. megacity b. megaregion c. city d. megalopolis

Q: A central city surrounded by smaller cities and their suburbs is a(n)a. megacity.b. metropolis.c. megaregion.d. edge city.

Q: _____ is the process by which an increasing proportion of a population lives in cities and has a growing influence on the culture. a. Urbanization b. Suburbanization c. Urban decline d. Gentrification

Q: A _____ is a place in which a large number of people are permanently based and do not produce their own food. a. city b. metropolitan statistical area (MSA) c. suburb d. megalopolis

Q: Approximately how many cities with over one million residents does the world presently have? a. three b. 24. c. 15.1. d. 50.0

Q: _____ refers to women bearing only enough children to reproduce the population. a. Slow population growth b. Negative population growth c. Zero population growth d. An inverted population pyramid

Q: The reason that China has about 30. million fewer females than males under the age of 20. is a. male infanticide. b. girls are often not counted in official statistics. c. "raising a boy is like watering someone else's plant." d. female infanticide.

Q: The growth rate a. is always a positive number. b. can be a negative number. c. ignores migration. d. can be a positive number or a negative number, but not zero.

Q: "Growth rate equals births minus deaths plus net migration" is the a. basic demographic equation. b. statistician's mantra. c. crude birth rate. d. crude migration rate.

Q: A reason that it is difficult to forecast population growth is that a. the mathematics are unsound. b. politicians tamper with it, rewarding more births or discouraging more births. c. no one agrees on what the basic demographic equation is. d. birth and death statistics are not kept.

Q: According to the functionalist perspective, what positive functions does religion serve?

Q: According to Durkheim, what are the three elements of religion?

Q: According to Bowles and Gintis (19..76), what characteristics of society match which characteristics of schools?

Q: Describe gatekeeping.

Q: How do schools bring about social integration?

Q: The American attitude toward the variety of religions can be summed up asa. incredulity.b. disdain for every religion except what one deems the correct religion.c. ignoring them all.d. tolerance.

Q: With hundreds of denominations in the United States,a. there is no dominant religion.b. the Episcopal Church is the dominant religion.c. Roman Catholicism is the dominant religion.d. historical black churches make up the dominant religion.

Q: In the United States, the _____ of churches is based on _____. a. integration; law. b. segregation; law. c. segregation; custom. d. integration; custom.

Q: In the United States, religion is a. independent of status consistency. b. stratified by social class. c. mainly made up of sects. d. unaffected by social class.

Q: It is difficult to tell where _____ ends and society's dominant culture begins, because they are so integrated. a. a cult b. an ecclesia c. a sect d. evangelism

Q: All religions began as a. ecclesia. b. sects. c. animism. d. cults.

Q: Although larger than a cult, a _____ still feels substantial hostility from and toward society. a. religion b. sect c. church d. state religion

Q: Taken literally, _____ is an extraordinary gift from God. a. charisma b. evangelism c. ecclesia d. a sect

Q: A(n) _____ is a new religion with few followers, whose teachings and practices put it at odds with the dominant culture and religion. a. sect b. ecclesia c. church d. cult

Q: How do sociologists today react to Weber's thesis that religion held the key to modernization? a. The theory is generally reviled. b. Sociologists continue to test Weber's theory. c. All sociologists agree with the theory. d. Weber's theory has had no influence on sociology.

Q: Weber used the term spirit of capitalism to describe the desire to accumulate capital a. to deprive the poor of the means to live. b. as an end in itself. c. in order to help those less fortunate. d. in order to spend it.

Q: _____ is the transformation of traditional societies into industrial societies.a. Modernizationb. The Protestant ethicc. Animismd. Reincarnation

Q: Before the American Civil War, Southern ministers used scripture to defend slavery from the pulpit. This is an example of the use of religion to a. question authority. b. foment change. c. legitimate social inequalities. d. stress that we are all equal in the eyes of God.

Q: _____ said that religion is the opium of the people. a. Weber b. Marx c. Robertson d. Ch Guevara

Q: Religion supports the status quo and helps to maintain social inequalities, according to the _____ perspective of sociology. a. functionalist b. born again c. symbolic interactionist d. conflict

Q: When we have a sudden awareness of the supernatural or a feeling of coming in contact with God, this is a(n) a. religious experience. b. example of ritual. c. religious symbol. d. example of cosmology.

Q: Cosmology refers to a. astronomy. b. values about how we ought to live. c. teachings or ideas that provide a unified picture of the world. d. a religious experience.

Q: In religion, _____is (are) observances or rites often intended to evoke a sense of awe of the sacred. a. symbols b. rituals c. sacred texts d. artwork

Q: When it comes to persecution, the history of religion shows that a. persecution is universally condemned. b. religion is frequently used as a justification for persecution. c. persecution occurred in past centuries, but not in the present century. d. persecution is universally encouraged.

Q: One of the positive functions of religion is to a. provide emotional comfort in times of need. b. persecute nonbelievers. c. justify war. d. justify terrorism.

Q: After doing a survey of worldwide religions, Durkheim defined _____ as beliefs and practices that separate the profane from the sacred and unite its adherents into a moral community. a. delusion b. the church c. the truth d. religion

Q: Things that are not connected with religion, but are instead part of ordinary, everyday life, Durkheim calleda. profane.b. sacred.c. profound.d. the church.

Q: _____, for Durkheim, meant things connected with the supernatural. a. Church b. Sacred c. Profane d. Belief

Q: Concerning deaths in school shootings, the trend over the last 20. years is _____ deaths. a. a decrease in b. a slight increase in c. no change in d. a doubling of

Q: High school administrators across the nation have faked their graduation rates in order to a. not lose funding. b. show that they value honesty above all else. c. help failing students. d. improve educational standards.

Q: _____ refers to high school graduates who have never mastered things they should have learned in grade school. a. Mediocrity b. Grade inflation c. Functional illiteracy d. IQ adjustment

Q: With _____, students get passed from one grade to the next despite failing to learn the basic materials. a. increasing literacy b. increased standards for teachers c. grade inflation d. social promotion

Q: _____ refers to higher grades given for the same work. a. Social promotion b. Grade inflation c. Rising standards d. Grade deflation

Q: From the 19..60s to the present, verbal scores in the SAT have a. risen slightly. b. risen greatly. c. remained the same. d. declined.

Q: Research shows that the power of _____ can help you to rise to many challenges in college and in life. a. negative expectations b. self-expectancy c. signaling d. blaming oneself

Q: Researchers found that from kindergarten to fifth grade, when children have equal test scores, _____ receive higher grades. a. girls b. students with poorer behavior c. boys d. the more difficult students

Q: In a self-fulfilling prophecy, the assertion was originally _____, and becomes _____.a. true; falseb. true; truec. false; trued. false; false

Q: Through _____, a student may influence teacher perceptions and receive higher grades. a. signaling b. showing off c. lack of cooperation d. disagreement with the teacher

Q: In a classic study by Ray Rist, it was determined by observation that each child's journey through school was essentially a. haphazard and unpredictable. b. completely like the other children's. c. determined by the eighth day of kindergarten. d. determined by the end of fifth grade.

Q: Of those who complete high school, a higher percentage of _____ go on to college. a. whites b. African Americans c. Latinos d. conflict theorists

Q: Regardless of whether children have high or low ability, they are more likely to go to college if their parents a. did not go to college. b. have high income. c. come from a lower social class. d. have low income.

Q: From a conflict perspective, school funding a. is actually quite equitable in the United States. b. is irrelevant to the larger struggle. c. shows its true colors by being based on property taxes. d. is stacked against the poor in some, but not all, states.

Q: Intelligence tests a. help to keep the social class system intact. b. use neutral questions rather than culturally biased questions. c. perform a useful function for society, according to conflict theorists. d. are geared to help lower-class children perform well.

Q: Part of the hidden curriculum, according to conflict theorists, is a. obedience to authority. b. to make the United States the top nation in the world in math scores. c. actually forbidden by law. d. questioning authority.

Q: Conflict theorists look at a. the benefits of education. b. reproduction of the social class structure by the educational system. c. the usefulness of the hidden curriculum. d. the way that education helps undermine the dominance of the elite.

Q: Girish found himself in honors classes or special, smaller, more innovative versions of regular classes as soon as he entered high school. He had not asked for this; it just happened automatically, based on his performance in middle school and perhaps some tests he had taken along the way. Girish's experience is an example of a. the credential society. b. home schooling. c. cultural transmission of values. d. tracking.

Q: _____ refers to a function of education that funnels people into a society's various positions. a. Home schooling b. Social placement c. Manifest function d. Promoting the brightest

Q: Both mainstreaming and _____ refer to helping people to become part of the mainstream of society. a. gatekeeping b. credential society c. home schooling d. inclusion

Q: Inez was able to name the first few presidents of the United States from memory by the time she was in fifth grade. Schools extol a society's founders and pass on a society's core values through a. inclusion. b. gatekeeping. c. the cultural transmission of values. d. habit.

Q: _____ are the unintended consequences of people's actions. a. Manifest functions b. All functions c. Latent functions d. Only negative results