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Sociology
Q:
A sense of historical, cultural, and sometimes ancestral connection to a group of people who are imagined to be distinct from those outside the group is known as a(n):
a. nation.
b. nationality.
c. ethnicity.
d. lineage.
e. culture.
Q:
Explain how European colonial expansion gave rise to "race" and racism.
Q:
Explain the concept of "racialization" and how it applies to Middle Eastern people in the United States.
Q:
Compare and contrast the concepts of individual racism with institutional racism. Provide examples from the class to support your points.
Q:
Explain how race is constructed in Brazil.
Q:
Identify three factors that determine race in the Dominican Republic.
Q:
Explain what is meant by the concept of"white privilege."
Q:
Explain how and why "Jim Crow" came to the American South.
Q:
In at least two cultures discussed in the text, wealth is a factor in determining race. Explain how money can have an effect on racial determination, a supposedly biological classification, and provide an example from the class.
Q:
Explain why geneticists state that dividing people into "races" by skin color is as logical as dividing them by earwax.
Q:
Compare and contrast how "races" have been constructed in two different cultures discussed in the text. What similarities are there, and how are they different? What does this tell us about the concept of "race" in general?
Q:
Explain how and why the "one drop rule" was traditionally used to determine race in American culture.
Q:
Explain how the idea of "white" or "whiteness" changed over time in the United States.
Q:
Identify three reasons why anthropologists feel that the concept of "race" is a flawed system of classification, and give an example to support each reason.
Q:
Compare and contrast the concepts "genotype" and "phenotype."
Q:
When one country completely dominates a territory and its people politically, economically, and militarily, it is known as:
a. colonialism.
b. communism.
c. despotism.
d. imperialism.
e. racism.
Q:
A system of economic, military, and political control of one country over another is referred to as:
a. communism.
b. racism.
c. despotism.
d. imperialism.
e. colonialism.
Q:
The British Empire's military, economic, and political control over Malaysia was an aspect of British:
a. colonialism.
b. fascism.
c. imperialism.
d. globalism.
e. raj.
Q:
In many countries, members of the dominant ethnic or racial group tend to favor other members of their own group, give them the benefit of any doubt, and take what other members say more seriously. Minorities are often discounted as less important or even hostile for insisting on being treated fairly. In the United States, this is called:
a. white privilege.
b. nepotism.
c. insiders.
d. cronyism.
e. patronage.
Q:
People from the Middle East have been considered "white" in the United States for some time, but since September 11, anyone with brown skin who seems foreign or strange is now considered "different" and possibly an enemy. This is an example of:
a. discrimination.
b. segregation.
c. eugenics.
d. individual racism.
e. racialization.
Q:
A set of ideas about a group of people, such as "All Irishmen are drunks who beat their wives" or "All Arabs are terrorists," that then makes it seem natural and normal to discriminate against them is referred to as:
a. group racism.
b. institutional racism.
c. eugenics.
d. racist ideology.
e. fascism.
Q:
Practices like segregation that separate groups of people and relegate one group to inferior conditions like run-down schools while the other group gets top-of-the-line schools with the latest equipment is an example of:
a. institutional racism.
b. eugenics.
c. group racism.
d. drop down.
e. fascism.
Q:
A person who believes that Italians are somehow "inferior" and therefore refuses to give an Italian person a job is demonstrating:
a. racist ideology.
b. individual racism.
c. fascism.
d. nativism.
e. eugenics.
Q:
The experience of the African American community of Corona, New York, who prevented developers from degrading their neighborhoods with an elevated train, is an example of:
a. institutional racism.
b. personal racism.
c. racial ideology.
d. resisting racism.
e. reverse racism.
Q:
The tendency of people of European descent in the United States to favor people like themselves and give them the benefit of any doubt is known as:
a. cultural hedging.
b. fascism.
c. social capital.
d. stratified whiteness.
e. white privilege.
Q:
What is described in the text as "an invisible package of unearned assets" that are the legacy of generations of racial discrimination?
a. white privilege
b. culture of poverty
c. social capital
d. stratified whiteness
e. fascism
Q:
In order to make discriminatory ideas and behavior seem reasonable and normal, societies invoke popular ideas about racial differences that are known as:
a. racial ideology.
b. racialization.
c. nativism.
d. fascism.
e. colonialism.
Q:
A set of popular ideas about race that allows the discriminatory behaviors of individuals and institutions to seem reasonable, rational, and normal is referred to as:
a. colonialism.
b. fascism.
c. nativism.
d. racialization.
e. racial ideology.
Q:
When a person acts on personal prejudiced beliefs and discriminates against someone based on imagined differences between them, this is referred to as:
a. alienation.
b. individual racism.
c. miscegenation.
d. private racism.
e. profiling.
Q:
Personal prejudiced beliefs and discriminatory actions based on race constitute:
a. alienation.
b. institutional racism.
c. miscegenation.
d. individual racism.
e. eugenics.
Q:
Individual thoughts and actions and institutional patterns and policies that create unequal access to power, resources, and opportunities based on imagined differences among groups are referred to as:
a. ethnocentrism.
b. prejudice.
c. racism.
d. ethnocide.
e. genocide.
Q:
When cultural institutions, policies, and systems such as school and justice systems are used to enforce discrimination based on imagined differences among groups, this is known as:
a. racialization.
b. racial ideology.
c. profiling.
d. institutional racism.
e. fascism.
Q:
Patterns by which racial inequality is structured through key cultural institutions, policies, and systems are referred to as:
a. discrimination.
b. fascism.
c. institutional racism.
d. racial ideology.
e. racialization.
Q:
Malaysians divide people into three "biological" groups, Brazilians have more than three hundred, and Americans divide people into three, four, or even five of these groups called:
a. clines.
b. ethnicities.
c. phylogenies.
d. biomes.
e. races.
Q:
What study claims to be a science, but in reality only promotes the idea that biological races exist and favors one race over others?
a. fascism
b. Zionism
c. eugenics
d. institutional racism
e. segregation
Q:
Laws in the United States that allowed such things as "white only" swimming pools, restaurants, schools, beaches, and the like, similar to apartheid in South Africa, were known as:
a. antimiscegenation.
b. Jim Crow.
c. white supremacy.
d. eugenics.
e. segregation.
Q:
The widespread idea in the nineteenth century that it was okay to discriminate against nonwhite people (Italian, Irish, Jewish, and African) because they were biologically different, and not fully human, was called:
a. eugenics.
b. institutional racism.
c. fascism.
d. miscegenation.
e. white supremacy.
Q:
A marriage between a white person and someone of an "inferior race" was referred to as:
a. degradation.
b. miscegenation.
c. hypodescent.
d. dilution.
e. mixing.
Q:
What is another name for the "one drop rule" that is used for determining race?
a. eugenics
b. racial ideology
c. hypodescent
d. personal racism
e. nativism
Q:
Wealth is a factor in determining race in what two countries?
a. Brazil and Malaysia
b. the Dominican Republic and Malaysia
c. Brazil and the United States
d. Brazil and the Dominican Republic
e. Malaysia and United States
Q:
To apply stereotypical traits to a group of people based on their "racial" ancestry is called:
a. discrimination.
b. prejudice.
c. racial ideology.
d. racialization.
e. segregation.
Q:
To categorize, differentiate, and attribute a particular racial character to a person or group of people is referred to as:
a. stereotyping.
b. racial ideology.
c. discrimination.
d. prejudice.
e. racialization.
Q:
A questionable science that claims to be improving the human race by advocating in favor of certain races and unequal treatment for others is:
a. Aryanism.
b. eugenics.
c. fascism.
d. institutional racism.
e. nativism.
Q:
A pseudoscience attempting to scientifically prove the existence of separate human races to improve the population's genetic composition by favoring some races over others is known as:
a. racialization.
b. nativism.
c. institutional racism.
d. eugenics.
e. Aryanism.
Q:
What term describes policies favoring native-born inhabitants over new immigrants?
a. nativism
b. eugenics
c. racism
d. supremacy
e. colonialism
Q:
What rule assigns the children of racially "mixed" unions to the subordinate group?
a. miscegenation
b. hypodescent
c. racialization
d. drop down
e. eugenics
Q:
After the Civil War, many states passed laws mandating the segregation of American citizens of European and African descent. These policies were known as:
a. antimiscegenation.
b. caste.
c. discrimination.
d. "darky" laws.
e. Jim Crow.
Q:
Which term refers to laws implemented after the US Civil War to legally enforce segregation, particularly in the South, after the end of slavery?
a. caste
b. discrimination
c. Jim Crow
d. "darky"
e. antimiscegenation
Q:
The concept that people of European descent are superior to all others is:
a. fascism.
b. Nazi ideology.
c. racism.
d. white supremacy.
e. Zionism.
Q:
A belief that whites are biologically different from and intellectually superior to people of other races is referred to as:
a. fascism.
b. miscegenation.
c. Nazi ideology.
d. racism.
e. white supremacy.
Q:
A historical term meant to belittle and vilify "mixed" marriages is:
a. alienation.
b. degradation.
c. maligning.
d. miscegenation.
e. motley.
Q:
What is a demeaning historical term for interracial marriage?
a. alienation
b. miscegenation
c. mixing
d. maligning
e. degradation
Q:
Many societies in the world divide people into groups based on supposed biological and social/intellectual differences. These groups are called:
a. clines.
b. ethnicities.
c. phylogenies.
d. races.
e. taxa.
Q:
What is a flawed system of classification, with no biological basis, that uses physical characteristics to divide the human population into supposedly discrete groups?
a. ethnicity
b. Linnaean system
c. phylogeny
d. race
e. clinal system
Q:
People who believe that civic policies should favor native-born people over immigrants espouse the concept of:
a. eugenics.
b. "home first."
c. nationalism.
d. nativism.
e. Zionism.
Q:
The idea that government policies should favor people born in the United States over immigrants such as Mexicans or Canadians (legal or otherwise) is known as:
a. eugenics.
b. "home first."
c. nativism.
d. Zionism.
e. nationalism.
Q:
A person may inherit a genetic pattern for above-average height, but may only reach average height due to poor nutrition. This is an expression of that person's:
a. genotype.
b. phenotype.
c. nature.
d. DNA.
e. cline.
Q:
If a person inherits genes for a dark complexion and blue eyes from his or her parents, this refers to:
a. biome.
b. phenotype.
c. genotype.
d. race.
e. DNA.
Q:
Despite different societies' efforts to divide people into different biologically discrete groups, genetic evidence shows that human variation is:
a. bushy.
b. clinal.
c. discontinuous.
d. lineal.
e. separated.
Q:
All human beings of every "race" share what percentage of their DNA?
a. 75 percent
b. 80 percent
c. 90 percent
d. 98 percent
e. 99.9 percent
Q:
Geneticists point out that dividing people by skin color is as logical as dividing them by:
a. brain size.
b. earwax.
c. eyelashes.
d. facial hair.
e. toenails.
Q:
The specific inherited genetic patterns of a person or organism are called its:
a. ethnicity.
b. genotype.
c. inheritance.
d. phenotype.
e. race.
Q:
The way people actually look is the result of their genetic traits and the environment they live in. This is known as their:
a. DNA.
b. inheritance.
c. ethnicity.
d. phenotype.
e. race.
Q:
The way genes are expressed in a person's physical form as the result of genotype interaction with environmental factors refers to that person's:
a. race.
b. ethnicity.
c. phenotype.
d. genetic inheritance.
e. DNA.
Q:
What comprises all of the inherited genetic factors that provide the framework for an organism's physical form?
a. genotype
b. race
c. RNA
d. chromosome
e. phenotype
Q:
Identify where Neandertals are located in the human evolutionary chain and how they are similar physically to other modern Homo sapiens.
Q:
Summarize how the dramatic increase in intelligence and use of material culture in Homo accelerated with the appearance of Homo sapiens about 350,000 yBP.
Q:
Explain how the peppered moth is a powerful example of natural selection in evolution.
Q:
Summarize the process of how sickle-cell anemia is an example of natural selection at work in the human population.
Q:
Describe the relationship between solar radiation, vitamin D, and skin color as examples of adaptation and natural selection.
Q:
Describe the four types of adaptation that have contributed to human survivability.
Q:
Contrast the two theories on the ultimate fate of the Neandertals.
Q:
What are the five categories in which paleoanthropologists have grouped our immediate ancestors? Briefly define each.
Q:
What are the differences between absolute dating techniques and relative dating techniques?
Q:
Imagine the classroom as a distinct population with unique genes. Explain how genetic drift would occur over several generations and why it is more effective in a smaller population.
Q:
Explain how the principle of natural selection has been a contributor to evolutionary theory. Discuss examples where this has occurred in a population.
Q:
Mutations are often caused by an environmental agent or spontaneously with no impact on an individual's health. However, without mutations there would be no evolution. Explain.
Q:
Describe the influence of biblical teachings on the origins of life. Using examples to make your points, explain how evolutionary theory and religion became a lightning rod for the battle over the teaching of evolution in the education arena.
Q:
Explain the process of fossilization. Relate some of the critical factors necessary for fossilization of an organism to be successful. Why are fossils rare?
Q:
People from the high-altitude highlands of South America develop larger lung capacity in order to process more oxygen; however, if these individuals move to a lower altitude, the size does not reverse because:
a. acclimatization is permanent.
b. advantageous phenotypic traits are genetically determined.
c. this trait is a variation that results from only genetic factors.
d. this is a permanent developmental adaptation.
e. this adaptation changes the individual's DNA.