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Sociology
Q:
Explain how globalism has enabled flexible accumulation, and how it works. Provide an example from the class.
Q:
The text notes that increasing migration is one of the key dynamics of globalism. Explain where people are moving and why. What effect is this having on people around the world?
Q:
Time-space compression is one of the key dynamics of globalism. Explain just exactly what time-space compression is and how it works, and give an example.
Q:
Bronislaw Malinowski spent two years doing participant observation among the people of the Trobriand Islands, and there he learned about the islanders' beliefs and customs regarding trade, warfare, marriage, sex, and death. What kind of anthropologist was Malinowski? Explain how participant observation works and what kind of information it provides. Name another topic you could study this way and how you would do it.
Q:
Explain the difference between a descriptive linguist and a sociolinguist. If you knew the last speaker of a language and wanted to preserve that language, who would you call and why?
Q:
Compare and contrast how historic and prehistoric archaeologists investigate past human life and explain what insights can be gained.
Q:
Explain why anthropologists study nonhuman primates like apes and monkeys.
Q:
Explain how globalization is affecting the Marshall Islanders and why they are concerned about what happens in industrial countries. Do they have a reason to be troubled? What about other countries?
Q:
Explain how anthropologists have had to adapt to the impact of global forces on the communities they study.
Q:
Describe how local communities react to global forces influencing and mingling with local cultures. Support your description with an example from the class.
Q:
Describe how changes in transportation technology in the nineteenth century led to the development of anthropology.
Q:
The environmental issues that so concern people like the Marshall Islanders are aggravated by companies taking advantage of lax environmental regulations. What aspect of globalism does this demonstrate?
a. environment dodging
b. flexible accumulation
c. increasing immigration
d. rapid change
e. time-space compression
Q:
It is impossible to study a local community today without considering the effect of:
a. climate change.
b. diversity.
c. increased migration.
d. global forces.
e. time-space compression.
Q:
Global forces are expanding rapidly and moving into local communities everywhere. The author notes that many people in local communities respond with:
a. active resistance.
b. cloaked fear.
c. mass expulsion.
d. religious zeal.
e. violence.
Q:
Research that compares two communities to examine links between them is referred to as:
a. cross-linked.
b. multi-sited.
c. globalized.
d. bilocational.
e. descriptive.
Q:
In order to understand how any group of people lives in our global world today, it is necessary to explore not only the customs, beliefs, and other aspects of their local culture but also:
a. environment and climate.
b. global influences.
c. religion and belief systems.
d. political systems.
e. production and exchange.
Q:
The belief that one's own culture or way of life is normal and natural is known as:
a. consensus.
b. conventionality.
c. ethnocentrism.
d. normalcy.
e. parochialism.
Q:
Anthropology developed during an intense period of globalism in which century?
a. fifteenth century
b. sixteenth century
c. seventeenth century
d. eighteenth century
e. nineteenth century
Q:
The author states that pollution, population growth, climate change, and overfishing are serious issues, and nature may not be able to adapt to:
a. human activity.
b. glacial activity.
c. global warming.
d. intensification.
e. offshore drilling.
Q:
What key dynamic of globalization is characterized by movement of people not only between countries but also within the individual countries themselves?
a. ease of transportation
b. flexible accumulation
c. increasing migration
d. population drive
e. time-space compression
Q:
The dramatic impact of globalization in the past and even more so today is driven by what kind of changes?
a. internal and external migration patterns
b. perceptions of time and space
c. greenhouse gasses and weather patterns
d. transportation and communication technologies
e. rapid development and crashes
Q:
Nepali building roads in India, Filipino maids in Saudi Arabia, and Turkish street repairmen in Germany are examples of which global dynamic?
a. time-space compression
b. international migration
c. transportation technology
d. uneven development
e. increasing migration
Q:
South Korea has developed amazingly, with huge corporations making vast amounts of money and giving everyone there a high standard of living, while the vast majority of people in the Central American nation of Guatemala are plagued by extreme poverty, violence, and poor living conditions. This is an example of:
a. uneven development.
b. neocolonialism.
c. marginalization.
d. differential monetization.
e. elitism.
Q:
Changes in communication technology that have allowed military spouses to switch from mailing letters to their partners in Afghanistan to chatting with them on Skype are an example of what dynamic of globalism?
a. Internet communication
b. rapid change
c. flexible adaption
d. technological accumulation
e. time-space compression
Q:
Walmart's transformation from a "Made in America" company to one with five thousand factories in China is an example of:
a. uneven development.
b. workload migration.
c. flexible accumulation.
d. time-space compression.
e. global expansion.
Q:
The dramatic transformations of economics, politics, and culture are characteristic of what dynamic of contemporary globalism?
a. uneven development
b. flexible accumulation
c. rapid change
d. time-space compression
e. dynamic expansion
Q:
Swift economic development and wealth among some groups while others are pushed into extreme poverty are due to:
a. flexible accumulation.
b. uneven development.
c. neocolonialism.
d. marginalization.
e. economic elitism.
Q:
When companies move their production facilities around the world to take advantage of cheaper labor and lower taxes, this is called:
a. marginal exploitation.
b. technological migration.
c. labor-tax compression.
d. uneven development.
e. flexible accumulation.
Q:
We refer to changes in the way we think about how long something should take or how far away people are as:
a. flexible time scales.
b. uneven development.
c. key dynamics.
d. time-space compression.
e. technological innovation.
Q:
The worldwide intensification of interactions among human beings across national borders is referred to as:
a. time-space compression.
b. outsourcing.
c. globalism.
d. increasing migration.
e. density of acquaintance.
Q:
Which discipline of anthropology studies human beings in the present and from the past through the excavation and analysis of material artifacts?
a. archaeology
b. cultural anthropology
c. ethnography
d. ethnology
e. physical anthropology
Q:
Who describes spoken languages and preserves them as written languages?
a. linguistic archaeologists
b. descriptive linguists
c. ethnolinguists
d. historic linguists
e. sociolinguists
Q:
The study of the full scope of human diversity, past and present, and the application of that knowledge to help people understand each other define what aspect of anthropology?
a. ethnology
b. fieldwork
c. holism
d. inclusivity
e. bridge building
Q:
What field of anthropology studies monkeys, apes, and other nonhuman primates?
a. evolutionary biology
b. paleoanthropology
c. paleoprimatology
d. primatology
e. sociobiology
Q:
What kind of anthropologists explore ancient rift valleys and deep caves looking for ancient landforms with fossils of human ancestors to understand human evolution?
a. prehistoric archaeologists
b. evolutionary biologists
c. paleoanthropologists
d. Darwinian anthropologists
e. paleoprimatologists
Q:
What kind of researchers work to record languages that are disappearing by finding the last speakers and making recordings and dictionaries to preserve them for the future and for language revitalization?
a. descriptive linguists
b. salvage anthropologists
c. cultural anthropologists
d. sociolinguists
e. linguistic archaeologists
Q:
People who make comprehensive studies of languages and their component parts are:
a. descriptive linguists.
b. sociolinguists.
c. paralinguists.
d. cultural anthropologists.
e. language specialists.
Q:
The field of anthropology that explores genetics and evolution and looks at our closest relatives in the animal kingdom to gain a greater understanding of what it means to be human is known as:
a. evolutionary biology.
b. paleoanthropology.
c. physical anthropology.
d. primatology.
e. sociobiology.
Q:
Anthropologists take a comprehensive approach to understanding human beings, and this is accomplished through:
a. exploring the past.
b. the four-field approach.
c. looking at biology.
d. participant observation.
e. cross-fertilization.
Q:
Anthropologists who explore all aspects of human culturefrom war and violence to love, sexuality, and child rearingand look at the meanings that people from all over the world place on them are known as:
a. archaeologists.
b. sociolinguists.
c. sociologists.
d. ethnologists.
e. cultural anthropologists.
Q:
Which field of anthropology uses participant observation as a research strategy?
a. historic linguistics
b. cultural anthropology
c. primatology
d. archaeology
e. descriptive linguistics
Q:
A researcher who studies how the Latin language of ancient Rome changed into the Romance languages of today (French, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, and Italian) is practicing what type of anthropology?
a. descriptive linguistics
b. comparative research
c. classical linguistics
d. classical archaeology
e. historic linguistics
Q:
When anthropologists compare the polygyny of Mormon fundamentalists in Utah to Muslim tradition, which allows a man to have as many as four wives, they are doing what kind of analysis?
a. ethnological
b. holistic
c. ethnographic
d. affinal
e. polygamous
Q:
Cultural anthropologists like to hang out with the people they are studying as they work, celebrate, dance, or play games, and ask lots of questions while they are doing it. This is known as:
a. ethnocentrism.
b. participant observation.
c. active research.
d. cognitive study.
e. ethnology.
Q:
The belief that one's own culture or way of life is normal and natural, and viewing the different practices of other people as strange and unnatural, is called:
a. myopia.
b. relativism.
c. narrow-mindedness.
d. shortsightedness.
e. ethnocentrism.
Q:
Dr. Robin Lakoff explores how men and women use language differently and how this regularly leads to miscommunication between them. What type of linguist is she?
a. genderist
b. sociolinguist
c. morphologist
d. descriptive linguist
e. phonologist
Q:
The study of fossils and ancient DNA to trace changes in human ancestors over time involves which specialization of anthropology?
a. prehistoric archaeology
b. forensic anthropology
c. paleoanthropology
d. historic archaeology
e. biogenetics
Q:
In the study of immigration, anthropologists look at physical differences between populations, how the groups involved conceive of themselves and others, what they say about those other groups, and how these groups related to others in the past. This is an example of what aspect of anthropology?
a. ethnology
b. globalism
c. elitism
d. holism
e. organicism
Q:
In late nineteenth-century debates on American immigration, many scholars and government officials privileged immigrants from northern Europe over those from southern Europe, such as Italians and Greeks, because the officials felt these southern people were a separate and inferior biological race with primitive ways. This is an example of:
a. elitism.
b. ethnocentrism.
c. genocide.
d. ethnocide.
e. caste boundaries.
Q:
People are biological creatures as well as rational human beings. In order to gain a complete understanding of any aspect of human behavior, the field of anthropology adopts what strategy?
a. four-field approach
b. cultural evolution
c. sociobiology
d. ethnobiology
e. syncretism
Q:
The study of how people use language in its cultural context is known as:
a. descriptive linguistics.
b. ethnology.
c. participant observation.
d. sociolinguistics.
e. paralanguage.
Q:
William Rathje's garbage study to analyze the behavior of residents of Tucson, Arizona, is an example of what field of anthropology?
a. classical archaeology
b. ethnographic fieldwork
c. ethnology
d. historic archaeology
e. contemporary excavation
Q:
What do prehistoric archaeologists use to reconstruct human behavior?
a. material remains
b. written records
c. oral accounts
d. ceremonial reconstruction
e. genetic analysis
Q:
Cultural anthropologists analyze and compare data on different cultures using the method known as:
a. ethnocentrism.
b. ethnographic analogy.
c. cultural relativism.
d. sociolinguistics.
e. ethnology.
Q:
What is considered the most distinctive feature of being human?
a. tool use
b. the wheel
c. bipedal locomotion
d. language
e. migration
Q:
Who studies how language changes over time?
a. historic linguists
b. sociolinguists
c. paleoanthropologists
d. ethnologists
e. linguistic archaeologists
Q:
What do historic archaeologists have access to that sets them apart from other archaeologists?
a. processual methods
b. written records
c. large cities
d. social capital
e. formal art
Q:
Ethnographic fieldwork is the primary research strategy of which field?
a. archaeology
b. biological anthropology
c. historic linguistics
d. cultural anthropology
e. sociolinguistics
Q:
What field traces the history of human evolution by reconstructing the human fossil record?
a. prehistoric archaeology
b. primatology
c. evolutionary archaeology
d. genetics
e. paleoanthropology
Q:
Anthropology looks at the complete diversity of human life across space and time, and this reflects the field's commitment to:
a. thoroughness.
b. holism.
c. transnationalism.
d. globalism.
e. human development.
Q:
What type of anthropologist studies people from a biological perspective as well as how humans have evolved over time?
a. physical anthropologist
b. prehistoric archaeologist
c. cultural evolutionist
d. historic linguistic
e. evolutionary archaeologist
Q:
Archaeology is the study of cultures in:
a. Europe and the Middle East.
b. Africa and Asia.
c. the human past.
d. the New World.
e. the Old World.
Q:
Globalism is driving rapid change in human activities. Give an example of one of these rapid changes and explain the positive and negative effects on the people of the world.
Q:
What is the significance of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990? How has it impacted people with disabilities?
Q:
How are people with disabilities victims of institutional discrimination? Provide examples for your explanation.
Q:
How has the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) been valuable in addressing problems of the elderly?
Q:
What is ageism? Explain why the elderly can be an asset to an employer.
Q:
Write a note on homophobia. Provide two examples of prejudice against homosexuals.
Q:
Describe the economic status of the elderly in the United Sates.
Q:
Provide a comparison of older adults with other subordinate or minority social groups.
Q:
Cathy, a supporter of gay rights, is of the opinion that promoting gay marriages is attempting to become like the dominant group and adopting their social practices. She thinks that when individuals forsake their own attributes to become a part of a different culture, it is a waste of energy. Cathy is referring to ________ of gays.
a. blended identity
b. visitability
c. mixed status
d. assimilation
Q:
Which of the following is true of the consequences following the ruling of United States v. Windsor in 2013?
a. Support for same-sex couples has gradually decreased.
b. Opponents to gay marriage are using rejection of business with gays to express their views.
c. The move for legalizing gay marriage has discontinued at the state level.
d. Federal government has taken up measures against the states where gay marriages are legal.
Q:
In 2013, United States v. Windsor was instrumental in the Court declaring that ________.
a. the federal government holds all decision making powers when it comes to same-sex marriages
b. same-sex marriages are to be made legal in all states
c. same-sex marriages must be recognized by the federal government in the states where it is legal
d. same-sex marriages must be derecognized by the states where it was earlier declared legal
Q:
The Defense of Marriage Act of 1996 ________.
a. supported federal recognition of same-sex marriages
b. defined marriage as between one man and one woman
c. received immense criticism from the public from the time of its passing
d. allowed states to recognize same-sex marriages
Q:
Which of the following is true of "Don"t ask, don"t tell" policy?
a. The policy failed to end discrimination against homosexual personnel in the military.
b. The President had unanimous support even from his opponents to institute the policy.
c. The policy allowed openly gay and lesbians to serve in the military for the first time.
d. The policy applies to all federal agencies not just the military.
Q:
The "don"t ask, don"t tell" policy of the military means ________.
a. homosexuality cannot be questioned at the time of recruitment
b. lesbians and gay men can continue to serve in the military as long as they keep their homosexuality secret
c. lesbians and gay men serving in the military should not reveal their homosexuality even when questioned about it
d. commanders cannot investigate military personnel on suspicion of homosexuality
Q:
In 2000, in the case of the Boy Scouts organization, the Supreme Court ________.
a. endorsed that opposition to homosexuality was part of the organization's message
b. supported the right of the organization to exclude gay members
c. ruled against the organization's claim to a constitutional right to exclude gay members
d. could not reach a verdict on the organization's claim to a constitutional right to exclude gay members
Q:
In 1986, the Supreme Court in Bowers v. Hardwick ruled that the Constitution ________.
a. does not endorse that heterosexual relations alone are to be considered normal
b. does not hold any view regarding the sexuality of people
c. does not protect homosexual relations, even in the privacy of one's home
d. considers all sexual relations within the confines of one's home a private matter
Q:
In 1920s, the homosexual organizations in the United States were primarily ________.
a. public charities
b. lobbyists
c. self-help groups
d. rebellious groups
Q:
The ________, passed by the Congress, extended hate-crime protection to gay men and lesbians.
a. Matthew Shepard Act
b. Civil Rights Movement
c. Americans with Disabilities Act
d. Defense of Marriage Act