Q&A Hero

Q: Which of the following is a disadvantage of the continuing territorial status of Puerto Rico? a. Island cannot enter into free-trade agreements. b. Island cannot receive federal funds. c. Island cannot retain representation in the Olympic Games. d. Islanders cannot retain their language and culture.

Q: An advantage of Puerto Rico's continuing territorial status is that ________. a. islanders can have voting representation in Congress b. island can enter into free-trade agreements and participate in the global economy c. islanders can enjoy U.S. citizenship with a distinct national identity d. islanders who work for organizations funded by the United States can evade federal income taxes

Q: ________ refers to continuing dependence of former colonies on foreign countries. a. Neocolonialism b. Orientalism c. Nativism d. Postcolonialism

Q: Among the institutions Spain imported to Puerto Rico was ________. a. maquiladoras b. familism c. panethnicity d. slavery

Q: Neoricans refer to ________. a. Puerto Rican refugees who enter the United States illegally b. Puerto Ricans who return to their island from New York c. Puerto Ricans who are granted permanent residency in the United States d. Puerto Ricans who live in Europe

Q: Which of the following statements is true of the population of Puerto Ricans in the United States? a. Puerto Ricans find their papers scrutinized less closely than do other U.S. citizens. b. Puerto Ricans dominate the Latino scene in New York City. c. Puerto Ricans are now finding it increasingly difficult to adjust with the mainland culture. d. Puerto Ricans are now more dispersed throughout the mainland's cities.

Q: Which of the following factors has contributed to the migration of Puerto Ricans to the mainland United States? a. the prevalence of crony capitalism in the mainland b. the environmental degradation and desertification of the island c. the absence of legal restrictions against travel to the mainland d. the increasingly expensive air transportation in the island

Q: The Jones Act of 1917 granted ________ to Puerto Ricans. a. autonomy b. religious freedom c. citizenship d. commonwealth status

Q: Puerto Rico's value for the United States, as it had been for Spain, was mainly its ________. a. technological environment b. strategic location c. climatic condition d. cultural orientation

Q: Which of the following statements is true of mixed status? a. It is concerned with religious orientations rather than citizenship. b. It magnifies the usual pressures within a family. c. It becomes problematic when the noncitizens are legal. d. It becomes problematic when the noncitizens are well documented.

Q: A significant aspect of familism is the godparent-godchild relationship known as ________. a. campadrazgo b. curanderismo c. bracero d. vendido

Q: Which of the following statements is true of familism? a. It has had the positive effect of encouraging youths to stay independent and not rely on their family to provide for them. b. It has been viewed as having a positive influence solely on Mexican American nuclear families. c. It is generally regarded as good because an extended family provides emotional strength in times of crisis. d. It has had the positive effect of encouraging youths with a bright future by ensuring that they take advantage of the right opportunities.

Q: ________ means pride and closeness in the family, which results in family obligation and loyalty coming before individual needs. a. Familiar spirit b. Familiarity c. Nepotism d. Familism

Q: The most important organization or social institution among Mexican Americans is ________. a. the National Farm Workers Association b. the hui kuan c. the church d. the family

Q: ________ is a commonly used by Mexican Americans and other Latinos to interpret their illnesses. a. Campadrazgo b. Bracero c. Maquiladora d. Curanderismo

Q: Which of the following statements is true of the trends in healthcare prevalent among Hispanics? a. Illegal Hispanic immigrants seek regular medical treatment in the United States. b. Hispanics as a group have easy access to the healthcare system more often than any other racial or ethnic group. c. The rates of preventable diseases such as lead poisoning are higher in Hispanics. d. Healthcare is a popular profession among the Hispanic or Spanish-speaking community.

Q: People's opportunities to provide themselves with material goods, positive living conditions, and favorable living experiences are referred to as ________. a. life cycles b. life extensions c. life chances d. life expectancies

Q: Which of the following statements is true of transnationals? a. They have a formal organizational structure. b. They began as volunteer-driven social organizations. c. They have cut off all links with their home countries. d. They function with a profit motive.

Q: ________ are immigrants who sustain multiple social relationships that link their societies of origin and settlement. a. Neoricans b. Transnationals c. Mojados d. Suffragists

Q: Which of the following statements is true of hometown clubs? a. They collect money for improvements in hospitals and schools that are beyond the means of the local people back home. b. They accept remittances only from entities situated in Mexico. c. They are professional organizations that operate on a profit basis. d. They are recreational clubs started with the motive of connecting fellow Mexican American migrants with each other.

Q: ________ are nonprofit organizations that maintain close ties to immigrants' societies of origin in Mexico and other Latin American countries. a. Mojados b. Sundown clubs c. Maquiladoras d. Hometown clubs

Q: Which of the following statements is true of maquiladoras? a. They are owned by Mexican nationals. b. They are located in the United States along the Mexican border. c. They are required to provide insurance benefits to their workers. d. They are exempt from paying Mexican taxes.

Q: ________ are foreign-owned manufacturers located in Mexico along the United States border. a. Marielitos b. Maquiladoras c. Mojados d. Neoricans

Q: The term Borderlands refers to the area of ________. a. land that acts as a major gateway to the United States for illegal immigrants from Mexico b. land that is neither controlled by Mexico nor by the United States c. employment located on the U.S.-Mexico border that is reserved for illegal immigrants d. a common culture along the border between Mexico and the United States

Q: Csar Chvez and the United Farm Workers succeeded in ________. a. ensuring high employment rates for laborers irrrespective of their residential status b. making federal and state governments more aware of the exploitation of migrant laborers c. helping the migrant laborers acquire the necessary skills and expertise required for the job d. providing job security for migrant laborers by ensuring permanent jobs for them

Q: For Csar Chvez, organizing migrant farm workers was challenging because ________. a. they had no savings to pay for organizing or to live on while striking b. they came from different ethnic backgrounds and practiced different religions c. they could not work harmoniously with each other due to language differences d. they feared being boycotted as they lacked the expertise and skills

Q: The best known Hispanic leader for economic empowerment was ________. a. Reies Tijerina b. Csar Chvez c. Reies Lpez d. Henry Cisneros

Q: The immigration or the apprehension of illegal aliens is not likely to end in the United States because of ________. a. political vendetta b. religious intolerance c. economic conditions d. environmental factors

Q: Among contemporary Mexican Americans, the term ________ connotes pride in a pluralistic Spanish, Native American, and Mexican heritage. a. mojados b. Neoricans c. curanderismo d. La Raza

Q: For Mexican Americans, the key term La Raza literally refers to ________. a. the government b. the church c. the state d. the race

Q: In 1964, illegal border crossings by Mexicans increased because ________. a. legal crossings became more difficult b. the bracero program was reinstated c. immigration quotas for Mexicans became relaxed d. the United States introduced an open border policy

Q: The term wetbacks refers to ________. a. Mexicans who secretly swim across the Rio Grande b. contract workers who are imported from Mexico c. Mexicans who cross the border in compliance with immigration policies d. migrant workers from Mexico who are granted permanent residency

Q: ________ refers to a derisive slang for Mexicans who enter the United States illegally. a. Braceros b. Mojados c. Marielitos d. Neoricans

Q: Which of the following statements is true of the bracero program? a. It was devised to recruit labor from poor Mexican areas for U.S. farms. b. It restricted migration across the border by Mexican laborers. c. It was supervised by the United States exclusively. d. It abruptly came to an end in 1942 after some interruptions.

Q: Which of the following statements is true of repatriation? a. The program's objective was to curb the unprecedented population growth. b. The program was officially considered unconstitutional. c. Only illegal Mexican immigrants were to be repatriated. d. Only people born in the United States of Mexican background were to be repatriated.

Q: The program of deporting Mexicans during the 1930s was called ________. a. los mojados b. repatriation c. Operation Wetback d. the bracero program

Q: In the 1930s, the ________ brought pressure on local governments to care for the growing number of unemployed and impoverished. a. Great Depression b. World War I c. Mexican Revolution d. Special Force Operation

Q: Which of the following statements represents the trends in immigration of Mexicans to the United States? a. The years before World War I restricted Mexican refugees from entering the United States. b. The Mexican revolution of 1909"1922 limited Mexican immigrants from entering the United States. c. World War I curtailed the flow of people from Europe, leaving the labor market open to Mexican Americans. d. Increasing poverty in the Southwest United States decreased the number of Mexicans across the border.

Q: Which of the following statements reflects the uniqueness of immigration from Mexico? a. the small-scale movement of immigrants that takes place occasionally for a considerable amount of time b. the proximity of Mexico that encourages immigrants to maintain strong cultural ties with their homeland c. the aura of legality that has surrounded and influenced the Mexican migrants' approach toward Anglos d. the return visits to Mexico by Mexican Americans that take place once in a lifetime

Q: Which of the following statements is true of immigration from Mexico? a. Immigration from Mexico to the United States remains unrestricted through legislation after 1965. b. The border between the United States and Mexico is strictly monitored constantly. c. Almost all immigrations from Mexico are legal in nature. d. Immigration from Mexico has been a continuous large-scale movement for most of the last hundred years.

Q: A generalization that can be made about the many segments of the Mexican American population in the nineteenth century is that ________. a. they were the dominant group in the Southwest b. they assimilated into the dominant culture fully c. they were regarded as a conquered people d. they were considered arrogant and rude

Q: With citizenship, the United States was to guarantee ________ in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. a. religious freedom b. a separate territory c. political autonomy d. free and fair trade

Q: Texas, California, and parts of Arizona and New Mexico were acquired by the United States as a result of the ________. a. Mexican revolution b. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo c. Treaty of the Borderlands d. Allotment Act

Q: The ________ is referred to as "the Mutilation." a. Treaty of Paris b. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo c. Spanish-American War d. Mexican-American War

Q: ________ refers to families in which one or more is a citizen and one or more is a noncitizen.

Q: Spain relinquished control of ________ in the Treaty of Paris in 1898.

Q: A form of holistic health care and healing, or Latino folk medicine, is called ________.

Q: Which of the following statements is true of Puerto Ricans? a. They elect their own governor. b. They are known as Chicanos. c. They trace their roots to the Mayan and Aztec civilizations. d. They have their own voting representation in Congress.

Q: ________ was a Mexican American who crusaded to organize migrant farm workers. a. Reies Lpez b. Csar Chvez c. Vicente Lpez d. Luis Gutierrez

Q: The term mojados refers to ________. a. legal immigrants b. wetbacks c. braceros d. contracted laborers

Q: ________ are contracted laborers brought to the United States from Mexico after the Depression. a. Braceros b. Wetbacks c. Marielitos d. Mojados

Q: Which of the following statements reflects the Mexican experience in the United States? a. Mexican Americans who inherited land proved no match for Anglo lawyers. b. Mexican Americans' interests won whenever Mexican Americans and Anglo interests conflicted. c. Mexican Americans were granted grazing privileges for their cattle on public lands. d. Mexican Americans were regarded as a group of unconquered people.

Q: The term Chicanos refers to ________. a. Puerto Ricans b. Cuban Americans c. Mexican Americans d. Dominicans

Q: Describe the immigration patterns of Central and South Americans to the United States.

Q: How have Central and South Americans contributed to the diversity of the Hispanic peoples in the United States?

Q: Describe the different stages of Cuban immigration to the United States. How does the economy and politics play a part in Cuban to U.S. migration?

Q: Discuss the economic picture for Hispanic Americans as compared to other ethnic groups in the United States.

Q: Do Hispanic Americans prefer a panethnic identity or an identity specific to their country of origin? What is the influence of social class and country of origin on their preferences?

Q: Discuss the trends in education among contemporary Latinos.

Q: Discuss color gradient as a social construction of race. Provide examples that reflect the continuum of color gradient.

Q: Central and South American immigrants ________. a. are always well-documented workers b. create a brain drain in their home countries c. experience lesser unemployment rates compared to Whites d. adapt to a new culture and urban life with ease

Q: Like Mexican Americans, the Salvadorans have created ________ or associations that relate to a specific village that receives remittances. a. colonias b. ethnonational clubs c. hometown clubs d. maquiladoras

Q: ________ have the highest level among Hispanics in remittances. a. Puerto Ricans b. Cuban Americans c. Mexican Americans d. Salvadoran Americans

Q: ________ are monies that immigrants send to their countries of origin. a. Tariffs b. Marielitos c. Remittances d. Bills

Q: Which of the following is a reason for the immigration of Central and South Americans to the United States? a. economic opportunities b. environmental degradation c. downward mobility d. political vendetta

Q: In the context of placing people into racial groups, social relations among Central and South American groups with each other, Latinos, and non-Latinos defy ________. a. naturalization b. nationalization c. repatriation d. generalization

Q: Immigrants from Central and South America ________. a. form coalitions with Cuban Americans, Mexican Americans, or Puerto Ricans b. lack formal education and shared modest skills c. have increased in numbers even faster than that of Mexicans or any other group d. share the same native tongue, Spanish

Q: Cuban Americans have selectively accepted ________. a. the policies promoted by the Republicans b. the wet foot policy c. Anglo culture d. being termed Marielitos

Q: Which of the following events will most likely influence Cuban exiles in the United States to return to Cuba? a. illegal immigrants being deported to Cuba b. young Cuban Americans accepting Anglo culture c. Cuban Americans taking an anti-Castro stand d. the communist government being overturned

Q: The early immigrants of the first Cuban wave ________. a. were mostly illiterates b. were predominantly Protestants c. had professional or managerial backgrounds d. did not have to make adjustments to the new life

Q: Which of the following is true about the current picture of Cuban Americans? a. Differences between Cuban Americans are eliminated as they follow a single Cuban American lifestyle. b. The primary adjustment among South Florida's Cuban Americans has been more to Whites than to Latinos. c. Cuban Americans have been able to immediately establish the kind of life they sought. d. The relations between Miami's Cuban Americans and other groups have not been perfect.

Q: The Cuban American presence is most notably felt in ________. a. Atlanta b. New York c. Miami d. El Paso

Q: The wet foot policy refers to the rule that ________. a. allows Cuban nationals who manage to actually reach the United States to remain b. Cuban nationals picked up at sea will be sent back to Cuba c. grants highly trained and skilled Cuban nationals a permanent residency d. grants permanent residency to Cuban nationals based on their educational qualification

Q: Which of the following statements is true about the transition phase of members of the freedom flotilla? a. Adapting to a new environment and culture was easy since it was a small core group. b. Government assistance to transitioned members was substantial. c. Most of the members failed to gain acceptance by the Hispanic community. d. Majority of the members found employment and applied for permanent residency.

Q: Which of the following is a similarity between freedom flotilla and Irish immigration? a. They represent immigration based on difficult economic conditions. b. They represent immigration based on the presence of color gradients. c. The refugees of both these migrations were called Marielitos. d. The refugees of both these migrations were exploited for political reasons.

Q: The term Marielitos applied to the third major migration from Cuba to the U.S. implies that these refugees were ________. a. undesirable b. highly talented c. Communists d. skilled professionals

Q: Marielitos refer to ________. a. clubs that maintain ties with Latin America b. the third wave refugees from Cuba c. immigrants from Puerto Rica d. foreign businesses that operate in Mexico

Q: The third wave of Cuban immigrants had a great deal of difficulty in adjusting to their new lives in the United States because ________. a. they were not welcomed by President Carter b. they lacked formal education and had fewer skills than previous groups c. they grew up with pro-American images and developed high expectations d. the legal movement between the two nations was halted

Q: During the 1980 Mariel boatlift, prisoners, mental patients, and drug addicts were sent to the U.S. from ________. a. El Salvador b. Dominican Republic c. Haiti d. Cuba

Q: The third wave of immigration from Cuba to the U.S. is referred to as ________. a. mulatto escape b. fiesta immigration c. freedom flotilla d. chain immigration