Q&A Hero

Q: The second wave of Cuban immigration began in 1965 as a result of the outcome of a(n) ________ between Cuba and U.S. a. missile crisis b. territory purchase c. war d. agreement

Q: Which of the following statements pertaining to the first wave of Cuban immigration to the United States is true? a. The first wave was started through a program of freedom flightsspecially arranged charter flights from Havana to Miami. b. Regular commercial air traffic was halted due to the severing of diplomatic relations by the United States with Cuba. c. The first wave was considered to be the most controversial to the extent that these refugees were socially undesirable. d. The first wave stopped with the missile crisis of 1962, when all legal movement between the two nations was halted.

Q: Cuban immigration increased tremendously ________. a. after the 1959 Cuban Revolution b. with the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act c. after Che Batista's assumption of power d. after the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962

Q: The third largest Hispanic minority group in the United States are ________. a. Puerto Ricans b. Mexican Americans c. Dominicans d. Cuban Americans

Q: Latinos adhering to ________ hold beliefs similar to those of evangelicals. a. Roman Catholicism b. Fundamentalism c. Pentecostalism d. Sectarianism

Q: Which of the following is true about non-Catholic religious Latinos? a. They tend to be older. b. They attend independent churches. c. They are least likely to attend services. d. They refrain from associating religion to their daily lives.

Q: Pentecostalism and similar faiths are attractive to many Latinos because ________. a. they hold beliefs against religious experiences such as faith healing b. they offer followers the opportunity to express their religious fervor openly c. they originate from the colonies of Central and South America d. they increase the likelihood of permanent residency to illegal immigrants

Q: Religious Latinos who are not Catholic ________. a. do not attend storefront churches b. feel religion is very important in their daily lives c. tend to be older d. are least likely to attend services

Q: Which of the following statements reflects the religious profile of Latinos? a. Majority of the first generation Latinos are Protestants. b. Majority of the third generation Latinos are Roman Catholics. c. Latinos are predominantly Catholics. d. Latinos are predominantly Evangelicals.

Q: The most important formal organization in the Hispanic community is the ________. a. court of law b. family c. Church d. government

Q: Latino community leaders derisively label candidates' fascination with Latino concerns near election time as ________. a. Hispanic politics b. Marielitos c. Mestizo d. Fiesta politics

Q: Which of the following statements reflect the political trends prevalent amongst Latinos? a. Many Latinos resent that every four years the political movers and shakers rediscover that they exist. b. Majority of Hispanic voters in the United States prefer the Republicans over the Democrats. c. Many Hispanics are least interested in voting as they fear being deprived of their permanent residency status. d. Majority of the Latinos vote for political parties that promote policies with strict immigration laws.

Q: The Hispanic community's ________ influences politicians to try and gain their support. a. rapid growth in population b. increased commitment to a single party c. limited participation in elections d. decreased voter registrations

Q: The Democrats promoted policies that ________. a. allowed those who immigrated illegally as children a path to permanent residency b. encouraged self-deportation for those who immigrated illegally as children c. encouraged immediate deportation upon detection of illegal immigrants d. focused primarily on strict immigration laws with a motive to alienate Latinos

Q: Which of the following statements is true about the political presence of Hispanics prior to the 2010 Congressional elections? a. The Hispanic presence at the polls had always lived up to the expectations. b. Hispanics were not interested in voting at the polls. c. Many Hispanics were ineligible to vote under the U.S. Constitution. d. Hispanics represented a majority among the electoral candidates.

Q: Federal law requires bilingual ballots in voting districts where at least ________. a. 50 percent of the population back up democratic candidates b. 5 percent voters do not speak English c. 71 percent voters in the district are ineligible to vote due to insolvency or lunacy d. 10 percent of the population is physically disabled or handicapped

Q: Established political parties began recognizing Latinos as a force in the election process primarily through the ________. a. poor Hispanic presence at the polls b. policies that have facilitated English voters c. growth of the Hispanic population d. Hispanic presence outside conventional political activities

Q: Many Hispanics were ineligible to vote under the U.S. Constitution because ________. a. of the unavailability of bilingual voting information b. they were noncitizens c. they were not interested in voting d. political parties refrained from acknowledging them

Q: The central political issue for Puerto Ricans and Cuban Americans has been the ________. a. lack of recognition of the growing Latino presence by political parties b. residential status of their respective citizens c. political ambitions of their illegal immigrants d. political future of their respective island homelands

Q: ________ was a labor organizer who crusaded to organize migrant farmworkers. a. Csar Chvez b. Fidel Castro c. Reies Lpez d. Vicente Fox

Q: ________ is key to both education and the future economic development of Hispanics. a. Cultural fragmentation b. Prejudiced perception c. Language acquisition d. Social discrimination

Q: Which of the following statements represent the educational trends prevalent amongst Latinos? a. They are more likely to succeed in completing college faster than their White classmates. b. They are more likely to agree that a college degree is unnecessary to get ahead in life. c. They are more likely to aspire to enroll in colleges compared to the Whites. d. They are more likely to have a bachelor's degree than their White counterparts.

Q: Which of the following statements is true about Latinos in relation to education? a. The most important complicating factor in educational attainment for Latinos is immigration status. b. Latinos are often stigmatized as being more academically challenged than their White and Asian American peers. c. The level of attainment by Latinos as measured by years of schooling completed beyond high school remains high. d. A negative side of Latinos is that they exhibit low aspirations in continuing school.

Q: When compared to African Americans, Latinos ________. a. do not send money abroad to help relatives b. have limited prospects of a brighter future c. are more geographically mobile d. have lower levels of median wealth

Q: Which of the following statements is true about the income and poverty trends of Latino households? a. Latinos are likely to continue to earn much more annually and also fall back on their many financial resources. b. The income of Latinos has grown at a faster rate than White Income. c. Latinos have a stronger financial background than other cultural groups. d. The gap between the Whites and the Latinos in both income and poverty levels has remained relatively constant.

Q: Which of the following statements is true about Latino groups in relation to their economic status? a. They have stronger financial resources to fall back on. b. They have stronger financial backgrounds than other cultural groups. c. Their income is on par with the average White income. d. Their income has gradually increased over the years.

Q: ________ are characteristic of Hispanic households. a. Low levels of wealth b. High financial resources c. High levels of accountability d. Low indemnity levels

Q: Which of the following economic trends is prevalent among Hispanics? a. Hispanics as a group have far overreached the number of White children in poverty. b. Poor Hispanic children are least likely to have a working parent than White or Black children. c. Hispanic households appear to have slightly lower levels of median wealth than the African American households. d. Hispanic households average more than 12 cents for every dollar in wealth owned by White non-Hispanic households.

Q: Terms such as mulatto Colombians and mestizo Hondurans refer to a(n) ________. a. biological race b. ethnic class c. color gradient d. social gradient

Q: A ________ places people along a continuum from light to dark skin color rather than in two or three distinct racial groupings. a. color gradient b. color hypothesis c. color perspective d. color paradox

Q: Identify a panethnic name used to identify Americans of Spanish or Latin American origin. a. Guatemalans b. Puerto Ricans c. Hispanics d. Cubans

Q: Which of the following states is home to the largest numbers of Hispanics? a. New York b. Montana c. Hawaii d. California

Q: Legal status is a major issue within the Latino community, except for ________. a. Mexican Americans b. Columbians c. Cubans d. Puerto Ricans

Q: Which of the following Latino communities are citizens by birth? a. Columbians b. Mexican Americans c. Puerto Ricans d. Cubans

Q: Nearly two-thirds of Hispanics in the United States are ________. a. Colombians b. Puerto Ricans c. Cuban Americans d. Mexican Americans

Q: Immigration often produces a(n) ________, which is the immigration of skilled workers, professionals, and technicians to the United States from countries which are in great need of professional workers.

Q: Refugees of the third major migration, the 1980 Mariel boatlift, from Cuba to the United States are called ________, referring to Mariel, the fishing port from which the boats departed.

Q: ________ refers to a type of evangelical Christianity that is growing in Latin America and is clearly making a significant impact on Latinos in the United States.

Q: What is the dry foot policy? a. It refers to the rule that allows asylum to Cubans who reach the United States. b. It refers to the law that makes new Cuban immigration illegal. c. It refers to the law that gives refugee status to any Cuban who leaves Cuba. d. It refers to the rule that allows asylum to Cubans who are picked up at sea.

Q: In the context of Latinos' political presence, the ________ have clearly garnered the allegiance of Hispanics. a. Republicans b. Dictators c. Democrats d. Communists

Q: A complicating factor for Latinos in educational attainment is ________. a. the exorbitant amount of tuition and admission fees b. the lack of Latino teachers to cater to the needs of Latino students c. the need for proficiency in English d. the limited aspirations of Latinos to continue their education

Q: The sharp White"Black divide is absent in home countries of the Latinos, where race, if socially constructed, tends to be along a ________. a. conflict perspective b. functionalist perspective c. contact hypothesis d. color gradient

Q: Which of the following statements about panethnicity is true? a. A majority of the Latinos in the U.S. tend to take on the label of being "White" or being "Black". b. Younger immigrants tend to be more panethnic than their parents. c. The Cuban saying "No soy Hispano, soy Cubano" refers to a rejection of panethnicity. d. A majority of U.S.-born Latinos are viewed as a third collective group in addition to White and Black Americans.

Q: Which of the following statements is true about the identity of Hispanics? a. Latinos and Hispanics feel they share a common name since they share a common identity. b. Non-Hispanics often view the diverse group of Latino Americans as one collective group. c. Hispanics share a common historical identity. d. Hispanics share a common cultural identity.

Q: The development of solidarity between ethnic subgroups, such as Hispanics, is called ________. a. panethnicity b. ethnocentrism c. assimilation d. marginalization

Q: Proposals to improve educational opportunities for African Americans often argue for ________. a. additional school hours b. better educated teachers c. more adequate funding d. improved extracurricular programs

Q: Racial and ethnic groups realize that formal schooling is the key to ________. a. social mobility b. affirmative action c. redlining d. differential justice

Q: In theory, ________ are enacted to ensure that specific standards of housing construction will be satisfied.

Q: In 1965, the U.S. Department of Labor released a report entitled The Negro Family: The Case for National Action commonly referred to as the ________.

Q: ________ is a term used by sociologist Max Weber to refer to people who share similar levels of wealth and income.

Q: One of the big hurdles faced by African American politicians is ________. a. garnering votes from the Black community b. meeting eligibility criteria for contesting local elections c. being considered representatives of the Black community d. acquiring the money necessary to seek a major office

Q: ________ refers to the tendency to view crime as less socially significant if the victim is viewed as less worthy. a. Victim profiling b. Victim redlining c. Victim discounting d. Victim tracking

Q: Which of the following factors creates residential segregation in the United States? a. Government policies do not effectively enforce anti-bias legislation. b. Policies of banks create barriers based on gender to financing home purchasing. c. The prejudicial policies of real estate companies allow people from minority groups to enter into "correct" neighborhoods. d. Public housing policies make it difficult for the poor to locate housing in inner-city neighborhoods.

Q: ________ is associated with speaking proper English or with cultural preferences like listening to rock music rather than hip-hop. a. White primary b. Acting White c. Acting Black d. Black primary

Q: Which of the following statements is true of segregation in schools? a. The Blacks study with the Whites in apartheid schools. b. Diverse student population guarantees an integrated, equal schooling environment. c. Tracking has the effect of decreasing White-Black classroom interaction. d. Tracking leads to desegregation at the classroom level.

Q: Which of the following practices in schools, especially middle and high schools, intensifies segregation at the classroom level? a. tracking b. redlining c. racial profiling d. assimilating

Q: Which of the following statements is true of the education of African Americans? a. Blacks as a group have always attained the same level of education as Whites as a group. b. African American children are more likely to have formal prekindergarten education than are White children. c. African American schoolchildren who stay in school are guaranteed equal opportunities in life. d. Black children generally drop out of school sooner and, therefore, are less likely to receive high school diplomas.

Q: Despite Barack Obama's election to the presidency in 2008, what are the trends in the election of African Americans to political office? Do you think you will see more African Americans elected to high office in the near future?

Q: Discuss the social implications of differential justice and victim discounting. How is the system of justice compromised by these practices?

Q: According to Robert Hill, what are the five strengths of African American families that allow them to function effectively in a hostile (racist) society?

Q: Discuss the reasons behind the high unemployment rates of young African Americans. According to the federal government's Bureau of Labor Statistics, who are considered unemployed?

Q: Explain William J. Wilson's claim "class has become more important than race" in The Declining Significance of Race. What did critics of this comment have to say?

Q: Discuss the five primary factors that create residential segregation in the United States.

Q: Explain the five factors that account for the reversal in progress of African Americans in higher education.

Q: Which of the following is true about African Americans in relation to politics? a. After the election of a Black President, African Americans have received an equal share of the political pie. b. Non-Black voters have difficulty seeing Black politicians as anything other than representatives of the Black community. c. Locally elected Black officials find it easy to make the jump to statewide office. d. Non-Black voters have expressed their faith that the views of Whites and other non-Blacks will be well represented by an African American.

Q: Population specialist Evelyn Kitagawa estimated the "excess mortality rate" to be 20 percent because of poor health linked to ________. a. age b. sex c. class d. occupation

Q: Professor of Ethics at Harvard Medical School, Harriet Washington, coined the term ________ to refer to the separate and unequal healthcare system in the United States. a. medical deprivation b. medical segregation c. medical discounting d. medical apartheid

Q: Which of the following statements is true of the Tuskegee syphilis study? a. Most of the participants of the study were White men who were suffering from syphilis. b. After the discovery of effective treatments for syphilis in 1945, the Black men who participated in the study were given immediate medical assistance. c. The study established a strong feeling of trust in the American healthcare system among contemporary African Americans. d. In the study, Black men in Alabama were left untreated with syphilis so that researchers could observe the progression of the disease.

Q: Which of the following reasons can be attributed to the underrepresentation of African Americans while seeking medical care? a. history of mistreatment b. low cost of treatment c. inexperience of medical practitioners d. unreliability of medical reports

Q: In the context of healthcare, which of the following statements is true of Blacks? a. Hypertension is believed to be a critical factor in Blacks' high mortality rates from heart disease, kidney disease, and strokes. b. Blacks, over the years, have received separate and equal healthcare facilities as those received by Whites in the United States. c. Black men are less likely to fall victim to unrelenting stress, heart disease, and cancer than their White counterparts. d. Blacks are overrepresented while seeking medical care, donating blood, or signing up for organ donation.

Q: In sociologist Howard Waitzkin's view, the stress resulting from racial prejudice and discrimination helps explain the higher rates of ________ found among African Americans than among Whites. a. arthritis b. tuberculosis c. hypertension d. AIDS

Q: Drawing on the conflict perspective, sociologist Howard Waitzkin suggests that ________. a. racial tensions contribute to the medical problems of African Americans b. death resulting from hypertension is twice as common in Whites as in Blacks c. significant differences exist among segments of the population with Blacks living longer than Whites d. Blacks are overrepresented while seeking medical care, donating blood, or signing up for organ donation

Q: Compared with Whites, Black men have higher death rates from ________. a. respiratory disease b. heart disease c. AIDS d. diarrhea

Q: W. E. B. Du Bois noted that crime was difficult to address precisely because ________. a. it is an action that stands alone and is viewed in isolation b. it is a phenomenon that stands as a symptom of countless wrong social conditions c. it is an involuntary act that is committed without any premeditation d. it is a deed that is committed with the motive of depicting a sense of supremacy over others

Q: In the context of the criminal justice system, studies demonstrate that ________. a. African Americans often evade formal arrest by hiring private attorneys b. African Americans are less likely to be victims of violent crimes than Whites c. majority of the violent crimes against Whites are perpetrated by African Americans d. police often deal with African American youths more harshly than with White youngsters

Q: The fact that Whites are dealt with more leniently than Blacks, whether at the time of arrest, indictment, conviction, sentencing, or parole represents ________. a. redlining b. differential justice c. residential segregation d. victim discounting

Q: In the context of criminal justice, which of the following statements is true of Blacks? a. Blacks are more likely to be able to afford private attorneys than Whites. b. Crimes involving Black victims are viewed as more socially significant than those involving White victims. c. Most of all the violent crimes against Whites are perpetrated by Blacks. d. Blacks are more likely to be victims of violent crimes than are Whites.

Q: ________ refers to a systematic interview of ordinary people that is carried out annually to reveal how much crime occurs. a. Censoring b. Victim discounting c. Victimization survey d. Redlining

Q: ________ can separate industrial and commercial enterprises from residential areas. a. De facto segregation b. Zoning laws c. Redlining d. Tracking

Q: In theory, zoning laws are enacted to ensure that ________. a. specific standards of housing construction will be satisfied b. low-income people will be kept out of wealthy communities c. cultural minority groups are prevented from buying homes in affluent neighborhoods d. zero population growth will be maintained in counties