Q&A Hero

Q: ________ refers to the practice of discriminating against people trying to buy homes in minority and racially changing neighborhoods. a. Zoning b. Redlining c. Tracking d. Neutralizing

Q: Reasons identified as contributing to residential segregation in the United States include ________. a. prejudicial policies of real estate companies that steer people to the "correct" neighborhoods b. bank policies that create barriers based on class to finance home purchasing c. court decisions that dismantle exclusionary housing practices d. public housing policies that make it difficult to locate housing for the poor in inner-city neighborhoods

Q: The key factor in the great disparity between the Black and White family wealth was the failure of African Americans to ________. a. inherit wealth from their ancestors b. have a strong achievement orientation c. maintain a strong work orientation d. accumulate wealth through home buying

Q: Which of the following statements is true of the housing situation of African Americans? a. African Americans differ from Whites because their housing has been restricted through discrimination. b. The quality of Black housing is superior to that of Whites at all income levels. c. Statistics has indicated that Black housing has deteriorated in recent years throughout the United States. d. African Americans pay a meagre proportion of their income for shelter.

Q: The most common feature of African American households is ________. a. the presence of grandparents residing in the home b. the absence of extended living arrangements c. a weak religious orientation d. the strong presence of a patriarchal structure in the family

Q: The most consistently documented strength of the Black family is the presence of ________. a. a strong male wage earner b. subsidized childcare for working mothers c. an extended family household d. a strong nonreligious orientation

Q: The study that outlined a tangle of pathology with the Black family at its core was the ________. a. Moynihan Report b. Journal Citation Report c. Ebony and Ivory Report d. Journal of Black Studies

Q: Which of the following statements is true of African American families? a. Poor Black families often include only one wage earner. b. In two-parent Black families, an egalitarian pattern of decision making is rare. c. Blacks are less likely than Whites to care for children and the elderly in an extended family network. d. Working-class Blacks indicate a greater desire for their children to attend college than do working-class Whites.

Q: According to Robert Hill of the National Urban League and Morgan State University, which of the following characteristics is typical of African American families? a. a high social status b. low achievement aspirations c. a strong work orientation d. rigid family roles

Q: Which of the following strengths of African American families allows them to function effectively in a hostile society? a. strong entrepreneurship skills b. strong kinship bonds c. strong educational background d. strong financial background

Q: Which of the following statements is true of the stability of African American families? a. Single-parent African American families are necessarily deprived, while two-parent families are always secure and happy. b. The tradition of extended family among poverty stricken African Americans eases the burden of raising a child. c. The absence of a husband in single-parent African American households means that no one shares in childcare. d. In African American single-parent families, the absent parent is more often the mother.

Q: For African Americans, the family reflects the legacy of ________. a. high income b. dependable assets c. racism d. low stability

Q: Which of the following statements is true of African Americans in relation to employment? a. The official unemployment rate includes African Americans who are effectively unemployed. b. The percentage of African Americans in professional and managerial occupations has dropped drastically. c. African Americans are underrepresented in high-status and high-paying occupations. d. The taboo against putting Blacks in jobs in which they would supervise Whites has strengthened.

Q: Which of the following is an example of underemployment? a. Susan dropped out of high school and was never able to find a job. b. Jerry received a master's degree in engineering but worked as a lab technician when he couldn"t find a job as an engineer. c. Jay worked in the accounting department of a company but couldn"t get transferred to the marketing department. d. John received a bachelor's degree in sales and marketing and was recruited as a sales manager at a pharmaceutical company.

Q: Underemployment refers to working ________. a. voluntarily on a part-time basis b. voluntarily on a permanent basis c. at a job for which one is overqualified d. at a job for which one is underqualified

Q: The federal government's Bureau of Labor Statistics counts as unemployed people only those who ________. a. are actively seeking employment b. hold a full-time job and are seeking another job c. have temporarily given up looking for employment d. are being employed only intermittently

Q: Which of the following factors explains why official unemployment rates for young African Americans are so high? a. a low number of White middle-class women in the labor force b. increased competition from immigrants c. more experience and expertise than most White men and women d. the need to support their families

Q: One of the factors that explains why official unemployment rates for young African Americans are so high is that ________. a. many African Americans are seen as socially capable by the White society b. many African Americans receive low financial aids c. Black middle-class men continue to be in the labor force even at an old age d. many African Americans live in the depressed economy of the central cities

Q: Which of the following statements is true of the employment picture of Blacks? a. The taboo against putting Blacks in jobs in which they would supervise Whites has strengthened. b. Black unemployment rate is significantly lesser than that of Whites in the best economic times. c. Black employees are the first to be fired as the business cycle weakens. d. The employment picture is quite promising for Black workers aged 16 to 24.

Q: Which of the following is a reason for the higher unemployment rates of African Americans? a. lack of dependable assets b. lack of credibility c. lack of skills and expertise d. lack of initiative

Q: Sociologist William J. Wilson pointed out that ________. a. programs must be developed to confront ethnic and racial discrimination rather than class subordination b. young Blacks were competing unsuccessfully with young Whites c. class has ceased to be of concern as educated Blacks are entering the middle class d. the poor are socially isolated and have shrinking economic opportunities

Q: In his research, sociologist William J. Wilson pointed to the "compelling evidence" that young Blacks ________. a. embraced the oppositional culture of acting White b. were competing successfully with young Whites c. were socially isolated d. had shrinking economic opportunities

Q: Pointing to the increasing affluence of African Americans, sociologist William J. Wilson concluded that ________. a. class has become more important than race in determining black life-chances in the modern industrial period b. class has ceased to be of concern as more educated Blacks are entering the middle class c. programs must be developed to confront ethnic and racial discrimination rather than class subordination d. the overriding goal of the Black middle class is to achieve petty social values and become acceptable to White society

Q: The term ________ refers to a person's material assets, including land and other types of property. a. income b. equity c. indemnity d. wealth

Q: Income refers to ________. a. material assets, including land and other properties b. salaries, wages, and other money received c. currency exchange rates d. tangible and intangible assets

Q: W. E. B. Du Bois argued that ________. a. when racism decreases, class issues become more important b. what Black students need is segregated or mixed schools. c. exploitation should be eradicated so that all classes of people can be considered equal d. race has ceased to be of concern as educated Blacks are entering the middle class

Q: E. Franklin Frazier, a Black sociologist, identified that the overriding goal of the African American middle class was to ________. a. maintain strong group solidarity within the Black community b. endeavor to preserve the cultural heritage c. work for the upward mobility of the poorest segment of the Black community d. achieve petty social values and become acceptable to White society

Q: Many characterizations of the African American community have been attacked because ________. a. they represent the legacy of racism and low income across many generations b. they place too much focus on African Americans in high-paying occupations c. they overemphasize the poorest segment of the African American community d. they underemphasize the success achieved by African Americans

Q: Which of the following statements best represents the pattern of higher education for Blacks? a. Attention to a growing number of racial incidents on predominantly White college campuses has discouraged African Americans from considering college. b. Pushing for higher standards in educational achievement without remedial courses has encouraged minority students to attend college. c. Increased positive publicity about affirmative action has encouraged African Americans to consider college. d. More reliance on grants-in-aid than on loans has encouraged students who would be the first members of their families to attend college.

Q: The acting-White thesis overemphasizes ________. a. personal responsibility b. structural features c. intellectual abilities d. social mobility

Q: The characterization of associating acting White with speaking proper English or with cultural preferences is sometimes referred to as ________. a. authoritarian culture b. regressive culture c. Black culture d. oppositional culture

Q: Which of the following statements is true of acting White or acting Black? a. Acting White shifts the responsibility of low school attainment from the school to the individual and, thus, depicts an example of blaming the victim. b. The acting-White thesis overemphasizes structural features rather than personal responsibility. c. To equate acting White with high academic achievement has much empirical and cultural support. d. The primary stumbling block is not about being presented with similar educational opportunities but about acting White or acting Black.

Q: A common view advanced by some educators is that African Americans, especially males, do not succeed in school because they do not ________. a. consider their own culture as important as the culture of the majority b. take school and attending classes casually c. socialize with other Black students d. want to be caught acting White

Q: Taking school seriously and accepting the authority of teachers and administrators is a characteristic of ________. a. de facto segregation b. acting White c. de jure segregation d. White privilege

Q: The practice of placing students in specific curriculum groups based on test scores is referred to as ________. a. redlining b. gerrymandering c. profiling d. tracking

Q: The term apartheid schools has been coined to refer to schools that ________. a. are funded by elites b. are all Black c. exclusively have Whites teachers d. are reserved for Hispanics

Q: In 1974, the Supreme Court ruled in ________ that it was improper to order Detroit and the suburbs to have a joint metropolitan busing solution.a. Millikin v. Bradleyb. Plessy v. Fergusonc. Williams v. Mississippid. Shelley v. Kramer

Q: The type of school discrimination that results from residential patterns is called ________. a. de facto segregation b. tracking c. differential justice d. racial steering

Q: The U.S. Supreme Court issued its unanimous ruling in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas that ________. a. tracking in schools should be mandated to decrease segregation at the classroom level b. racial tolerance can overcome school segregation c. integrated schools operate effectively in segregated neighborhoods d. separate educational facilities are inherently unequal

Q: Describe the riff-raff theory and the alternative explanations for the urban riots.

Q: What did Martin Luther King, Jr. mean by civil disobedience? What were the elements of his strategy?

Q: Distinguish the tactics and ideology of the early civil rights period (1954"1965) from those of the period since 1965.

Q: Discuss the activism of A. Philip Randolph.

Q: Explain the concept of slavery reparation. How has the historical and social significance of slavery been marginalized?

Q: Describe the antislavery movement and its major goals. Why was racial equality not necessarily on the agenda of the abolitionists?

Q: Explain the significance of the Supreme Court decision pertaining to the lawsuit of Linda Brown et al. v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas.

Q: Discuss the theory of the talented tenth advocated by W. E. B. Du Bois.

Q: Discuss the aspects of slavery that destroyed the stability and continuity of family life for Black people.

Q: Which of the following statements is true of immigration of Black people to the United States?a. Major immigration of Black people to the U.S. took place in the first 100 years after the Civil War.b. African-born Blacks live in urban areas, while Caribbean Blacks are more dispersed.c. Lower cost of living for Black people has made the U.S. an attractive destination for Black people.d. Black immigrants are confronted by a society still deeply divided by race.

Q: To many people in the United States, the sheer size of the African American community has gone unnoticed because of ________. a. the underrepresentation of immigrants in television programs b. the relative concentration of the immigrants in certain urban areas c. the decreasing assimilation rate of immigrants into White middle-class society d. the restrictive legislation that make it difficult for people to emigrate from Africa

Q: Which of the following statements is true of religion in the African American community? a. African Americans are overwhelmingly Protestant. b. Africans who were brought involuntarily to the U.S. were Christians. c. A majority of African Americans belong to historically White churches. d. Judaism is embraced by most African Americans today.

Q: The Africans who were brought involuntarily to the Western hemisphere were seen as heathens and barbarians because ________. a. they were ethnocentric b. they were non-Christian c. they were not White d. they opposed slavery

Q: One reason for the popularity of Black Power among African Americans was that ________. a. it advocated the theory of the talented tenth for the development of Blacks b. it fought for the cause of an independent state for the Blacks c. it gave them the opportunity to take the law in their own hands d. it gave them a viable option for surviving in a segregated society

Q: Which of the following statements is true of Black Power? a. It facilitated the assimilation of Blacks into White upper-class society. b. It legalized marriage between Blacks and Whites. c. It gained wide acceptance among Blacks and even many Whites. d. It made amendments for the injustice of slavery.

Q: Stokely Carmichael's ideology differed from that of Martin Luther King, Jr.'s in that Carmichael rejected the goal of ________. a. assimilation into White middle-class society b. constitution of de jure segregation c. abolition of slavery in the United States d. representation in elected offices

Q: ________ was born not of Black but of White violence. a. The Niagara Movement b. Black Power c. The Civil Disobedience Movement d. Jim Crow

Q: Which of the following statements best defines rising expectations? a. the increasing sense of frustration that legitimate needs are being blocked b. the tendency to believe that one's culture and way of life are superior to all others' c. the unreliable generalizations about all members of a group d. the conscious feeling that expectations and current actualities are congruent

Q: The conscious feeling of a negative discrepancy between legitimate expectations and current actualities is called ________. a. restrictive covenant b. institutional discrimination c. cultural relativism d. relative deprivation

Q: Which of the following statements is true of urban violence and oppression in the 1960s and 1970s in the United States? a. Riots involving Whites and Blacks began in the 1960s. b. Most violence between Whites and Blacks had been large-scale collective action. c. Rioters included middle-class, working-class, and educated residents. d. The Black community expressed unsympathetic attitude toward rioters.

Q: The ________ is also known as the rotten apple theory because it discredited the rioters and left the barrel of apples, White society, untouched. a. exploitation theory b. talented tenth theory c. labeling theory d. riff-raff theory

Q: The ________ refers to the popular explanation that stated that riot participants were mostly unemployed youths who had criminal records, often involving narcotics, and who were vastly outnumbered by the African Americans who repudiated the looting and arson. a. conflict theory b. riff-raff theory c. color-blind theory d. exploitation theory

Q: Government records made public in 1973 revealed that the FBI ________. a. had infiltrated civil rights groups to discredit them b. had infiltrated the Ku Klux Klan to detect violent crimes against African Americans c. knew about Kennedy's assassination in advance d. believed civil rights activists were good and loyal Americans

Q: The enactment of the ________ on July 2, 1964, was hailed as a major victory and provided, at least for a while, what historian John Hope Franklin called "the illusion of equality." a. Bill of Rights Act b. Reconstruction Act c. Voting Rights Act d. Civil Rights Act

Q: One of the strategies developed by Martin Luther King, Jr. in disobeying unjust laws was ________. a. passively resisting evil b. being willing to accept suffering without retaliating c. seeking to defeat and humiliate opponents d. attacking the people who happen to be doing the evil

Q: In disobeying unjust laws, which of the following strategies did Martin Luther King, Jr. develop? a. acting with the conviction that the universe is with the unjust b. seeking to defeat and humiliate opponents c. actively but nonviolently resisting evil d. attacking people who happen to do evil rather than the forces of evil

Q: Martin Luther King, Jr. advocated ________. a. nonviolence b. pluralism c. separatism d. self-fulfilling prophecy

Q: ________ is based on the belief that people have the right to disregard the law under certain circumstances. a. Slavery reparation b. Civil disobedience c. Self-fulfilling prophecy d. Relative deprivation

Q: The Montgomery Improvement Association was headed by ________. a. Martin Luther King, Jr. b. W. E. B. Du Bois c. A. Philip Randolph d. Booker T. Washington

Q: When Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a crowded bus to a White man, her defiance led to the organization of the ________. a. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People b. National Advisory Commission c. Alabama National Guard d. Montgomery Improvement Association

Q: The motivation for the Brown v. Board of Education suit ________. a. came merely because Black schools had Whites as teachers b. came merely because Blacks were found to be economically disadvantaged c. did not come merely because Black schools were inferior d. did not come merely because Blacks were oblivious of an integrated educational experience

Q: The legal humiliation of de jure school segregation was attacked in the landmark decree of ________. a. Smith v. Allwright b. Brown v. Board of Education c. Plessy v. Ferguson d. Williams v. Mississippi

Q: ________ results from children being assigned to schools specifically to maintain racially separate schools. a. Racial formation b. Segmented assimilation c. Relative deprivation d. De jure segregation

Q: The military was desegregated by the order of President ________. a. Truman b. Roosevelt c. Kennedy d. Johnson

Q: In 1948, the Supreme Court finally declared in ________ that restrictive covenants were not constitutional. a. Smith v. Allwright b. Shelley v. Kramer c. Williams v. Mississippi d. Plessy v. Ferguson

Q: ________ are private contracts entered into by neighborhood property owners stipulating that property could not be sold or rented to certain minority groups, thus ensuring that they could not live in the area. a. Jim Crow laws b. De facto laws c. Restrictive covenants d. Slave codes

Q: The White primary elections endorsed in Jim Crow's formative period were finally challenged in the 1944 ________ decision. a. Smith v. Allwright b. Shelley v. Kramer c. Williams v. Mississippi d. Plessy v. Ferguson

Q: The ________ was founded in 1942 to fight discrimination with nonviolent direct action. a. Council of Discriminatory Practices b. Fair Employment Practices Commission c. National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders d. Congress of Racial Equality

Q: The racial disorders during World War II were paralleled by a growth in ________ as a means to achieve equality for Blacks. a. violent resistance b. civil disobedience c. militancy activism d. racial profiling

Q: The Ku Klux Klan had its largest membership just after ________. a. World War I b. Reconstruction c. Regeneration d. World War II

Q: Numerous riots broke out throughout the country with extreme violence against African Americans in the aftermath of ________. a. Reconstruction b. World War I c. the Great Depression d. World War II