Q&A Hero

Q: The ________ marked the merging of White liberalism and Black militancy, a coalition unknown since the end of the abolition movement and Reconstruction. a. Civil Rights Movement b. Riff-Raff theory c. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People d. National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders

Q: The founding of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is associated with ________. a. the Niagara Movement b. the National Urban League c. Congress of Racial Equality d. Southern Christian Leadership Conference

Q: W. E. B. Du Bois advocated the leadership of Blacks to be spearheaded by the ________. a. antislavery advocate b. White primary c. abolitionist d. talented tenth

Q: Politics of accommodation is associated with ________. a. Frederick Douglass b. Booker T. Washington c. W. E. B. Du Bois d. Jim Crow

Q: In 2010, Virginia Governor Bob McDonnell designated April as ________ without mention of slavery. a. Black History Month b. National Historic Preservation Month c. Confederate History Month d. National Native American Heritage Month

Q: Since 1989, Congressman John Conyers, a Black Democrat from Detroit, has annually introduced in Congress a bill to acknowledge the ________. a. representation of Negro enterprise and Negro civilization b. fundamental injustice and inhumanity of slavery c. relevance of the doctrine of "separate but equal" d. Black Power as a "cry of disappointment"

Q: ________ refers to the act of making amends for the injustice of slavery. a. Slavery reparation b. Reconstruction c. Slavery codification d. Relative deprivation

Q: The ________ forbade Black voting in election primaries. a. restrictive covenant b. de jure segregation c. Black primary d. White primary

Q: In Plessy v. Ferguson, the U.S. Supreme Court ________. a. supported the right of governments to deny the right to vote on the basis of race b. ended the practice racial discrimination by Whites c. upheld "separate but equal" accommodations for Blacks d. said that the states could not pass laws which created racial segregation

Q: The policy of "separate but equal" was defined as ________ by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1896. a. reasonable b. unacceptable c. racist d. discriminatory

Q: Jim Crow laws ________. a. mandated affirmative action b. gave White people their ultimate authority c. outlawed busing to achieve racial balance d. improved the position of African Americans in the society

Q: Jim Crow refers to ________. a. folk heroes of West Africans b. emancipation proclamations c. theories of the talented tenth d. racial segregation laws

Q: During the Reconstruction period, ________. a. marriage between Whites and Blacks was prohibited b. schools remained segregated c. Blacks were represented in elected office d. streetcars were exclusively reserved for the Whites

Q: The ________ of 1867 put each Southern state under a military governor until a new state constitution could be written, with Blacks participating fully in the process. a. Reconstruction Act b. De Jure Segregation Act c. Slavery Reparation Act d. Emancipation Proclamation Act

Q: The period from 1867 to 1877 is called ________. a. Regeneration b. Revolutionary Decade c. Decade of Equality d. Reconstruction

Q: The Emancipation Proclamation ________. a. worsened the status of the slaves in the country b. freed slaves only in the Confederacy c. released all the enslaved Blacks d. was declared void by the Supreme Court

Q: An aspect of Black enslavement was the slaves' own resistance to ________. a. naturalization b. Black Power c. racial formation d. servitude

Q: Which of the following statements is true of the attack on slavery? a. A slave was vulnerable to his or her owner's wishes, but slavery as an institution was not vulnerable to outside opinion. b. Enslaved Blacks who did not attempt to escape from the South resisted slavery through such means as violent resistance. c. A slave was counted as three-fifths of a person in determining population representation in the House of Representatives. d. Many Whites who opposed slavery, such as Abraham Lincoln, believed in racial equality.

Q: Antislavery advocates, including Whites and free Blacks, were called ________. a. White primaries b. abolitionists c. covenants d. assimilationists

Q: ________ is a sociohistorical process by which racial categories are created, inhabited, transformed, and destroyed. a. Racial formation b. Racial profiling c. Racial segregation d. Racial ethnocentrism

Q: Which of the following statements is true of the condition of slaves as evident through the research conducted by W. E. B. Du Bois and many others? a. Slave women were often identified as a slave man's possession. b. Slave parents decided at what age children would begin working in the fields. c. Slave couples could get their marriage registered in a court of law. d. Slave men's only recognized family role was to sire offspring.

Q: ________ refers to a deliberate effort to maximize the number of offspring. a. Racial profiling b. Slave breeding c. Slavery reparation d. Racial formation

Q: Which of the following was rare in dealing with violations of slave codes? a. branding b. physical abuse c. imprisonment d. mutilation

Q: According to the slave codes, ________. a. marriage between slaves was not legally recognized b. a slave could not legally buy or sell by special arrangement c. except Whites, no one else was allowed to teach a slave to read or write d. a slave could not testify in court against another slave

Q: Which of the following features of the slave codes demonstrates the subjugation of Africans in the United States? a. A slave could not possess property even if it was allowable by his or her owner. b. A slave could not testify in court against another slave. c. A slave could not legally buy or sell anything by special arrangement. d. A slave could not marry or even meet with a free Black.

Q: One of the central conditions on which slavery in the United States rested was that ________. a. the slave status was inherited b. slavery was for ten years c. slaves were considered mere laborers d. negotiation was used to maintain the system

Q: The first Africans in colonial America were indentured servants whose children were ________. a. designated as slaves b. born free people c. also indentured servants d. victims of abuse

Q: Martin Luther King, Jr. saw ________ as a "cry of disappointment" but acknowledged that it had a "positive meaning."

Q: ________ was the change introduced in the U.S. Constitution by the Thirteenth Amendment.

Q: ________ are communities from which non-Whites were systematically excluded from living.

Q: Which of the following factors has made the United States an attractive destination for Black people? a. legalization of interracial marriages b. restrictive legislations c. improved living conditions d. liberal immigration policies

Q: Active nonviolent resistance is an example of ________. a. the riff-raff theory b. civil disobedience c. segmented assimilation d. relative deprivation

Q: A particularly repugnant legal device for relegating African Americans to second-class status was the ________. a. restrictive covenant b. segmented assimilation treaty c. slavery reparation accord d. sovereignty pact

Q: The Niagara Movement's legacy was ________. a. documenting slave revolts that accelerated the intensity of oppression b. enduring poverty that gripped a large proportion of the descendants of slavery c. making amendments for the injustice of slavery d. educating a new generation of African Americans in the politics of protest

Q: According to W. E. B. Du Bois, which of the following statements best represents the talented tenth? a. privileged Blacks who would serve the interests of other Blacks in academics b. White elites who were willing to help advance the interests of Blacks in the United States c. Blacks who supported vocational education over academic programs d. disadvantaged Blacks who were victims of the atrocities committed by the Whites

Q: In 1898, the Supreme Court's decision in Williams v. Mississippi ________. a. upheld the right of the government to deny the right to vote on the basis of race, ethnicity, and social status b. approved the use of poll taxes, literacy tests, and residency requirements to discourage Blacks from voting c. strengthened Jim Crow laws and advocated the "separate but equal" accommodations for Blacks d. reaffirmed the importance of an integrated educational experience

Q: ________ are laws that defined the low position of slaves in the United States. a. Slave inventories b. Slave indentures c. Jim Crow laws d. Slave codes

Q: What is peyote? What stand has the government taken regarding its use?

Q: Why hasn"t tourism been able to improve the tribal economy significantly?

Q: Discuss the identity of Native Americans at a micro level.

Q: Write a brief note on the federal government's role in supporting the sovereignty of American Indians.

Q: Give an overview of the protest efforts made by Native Americans. Also, mention the outcome of the efforts made.

Q: Why was the passage of Termination Act of 1953 disastrous?

Q: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the Reorganization Act of 1934.

Q: Describe the Allotment Act of 1887. What was its outcome?

Q: Describe briefly the economic impact of casino gambling on the Native American community.

Q: Describe the provisions of the Employment Assistance Program. What were the consequences of implementing this program?

Q: ________ is a term used to describe efforts to ensure that hazardous substances are controlled so that all communities receive protection regardless of race or socioeconomic circumstances. a. Environmental justice b. Affirmative action c. Amalgamation d. Environmental refuge

Q: Congress amended the American Indian Religious Freedom Act in 1994 to allow Native Americans the right to ________. a. perform the Ghost Dance in public places on religious occasions b. possess and use peyote for religious purposes c. reclaim Native remains by tribes with authentic claims d. bury their dead on historically sacred tribal ground

Q: Which of the following is a hallucinogen? a. Ikwewag b. Boozhoo c. powwow d. peyote

Q: Which of the following statements is true of Native American treatments? a. They encourage patients to contribute to the healing benefits. b. They are no longer in practice due to pressure on Native Americans to assimilate. c. They tend to be invasive and recuperation is slow. d. They were derived from White culture's medicine.

Q: In 1955, the responsibility for healthcare for Indian Americans through the Indian Health Service transferred from the Bureau of Indian Affairs to the ________. a. American Medical Association b. Public Health Service c. tribal governments d. state governments

Q: Which of the following statements is true of tribally controlled colleges? a. They are specialized in providing primary education. b. They exclusively enroll the Native American women. c. They provide services such as counseling and childcare. d. They accept and encourage the assimilationist view.

Q: The assimilationist view argues that to succeed in larger White-dominated society, it is important for Native Americans to ________. a. start shedding the native beliefs and lifestyles as soon as possible b. promote embracing the past c. protest against the education system established by White-dominated society d. start using curricula that the Native American youth should learn in their homes and communities

Q: Which of the following best describes a kickout? a. It refers to a Native American student who leaves school due to an unproductive academic environment. b. It refers to a person or group blamed irrationally for another person's or group's problems or difficulties. c. It refers to a Native American who excels in life despite hardships faced in his or her childhood. d. It refers to a payment made to a casino operator in exchange of favors.

Q: Which of the following statements is true of education among the Cherokee tribe? a. Through the nineteenth century, schools run by the tribe were completely financed by the federal government. b. The tribe is opposed to learning the English language. c. By the mid-1800s, literacy for the tribe was still negligible. d. The tribe developed an extensive bilingual school system.

Q: The 1794 treaty with the Oneida Indians is primarily associated with ________. a. healthcare b. education c. senior citizen support d. pension to the handicapped

Q: Native Americans who oppose gambling on moral grounds do so because ________. a. they believe the playing field for gambling is uneven b. gambling detracts politicians from necessary public affairs c. they believe the casinos trivialize and cheapen their heritage d. they oppose to the contributions made to politicians involved in policies concerning gambling laws

Q: Which of the following statements is true of tribes that have opened casinos on reservations? a. The tribes do not pay taxes to local, state, or federal governments. b. Nationwide, the economic and social impact of the revenue from casinos is limited. c. Unemployment in the reservations has substantially increased despite the casinos. d. On the reservations that benefit from gambling enterprises, the family income is significantly higher than for the nation as a whole.

Q: In the context of the economic aspects of gambling, which of the following statements is true? a. The wealth from reservation casino gambling is evenly sourced and distributed among the recognized Indian tribes. b. Expansion of non-tribal gambling outlets has led to further growth in receipts on virtually all reservation gaming operations. c. Reservation casino gambling was boosted further during the recent recession. d. In 2011, the nationwide receipts from reservation casino operations have been more than Las Vegas and Atlantic City combined.

Q: In the context of casino gambling, the actual casinos are a form of ________. a. federal government enterprise b. tribal government enterprise c. private business operations d. public non-profit operations

Q: The 1988 Indian Gaming Regulatory Act ________. a. prohibits gambling that was once allowed under state law b. prohibits hunting of protected animals and birds near reservations c. allows for negotiated gambling agreements on reservations d. allows only Indians to gamble on reservations in accordance to their traditions

Q: Which of the following statements is true of Native American craftworks? a. Craftwork is the highest source of profits that meets the needs of Native Americans. b. The trading-post business has benefited Native American cultures. c. Selling objects as Native American crafts when it is not is a punishable crime. d. The Native American craftworks cannot be produced by mechanical duplication.

Q: In the context of tourism based on Native American heritage, which of the following statements is true? a. Tourists interpret their experiences to be conflicting with their previously held stereotypes of Native Americans. b. Enterprises related to tourism have achieved significant success to improve the tribal economy. c. Native foods and souvenirs are especially sought after by contemporary tourists conscious of the historical context. d. Tourism, in light of exploitation of tribal people, is a complex interaction of the outside with Native Americans.

Q: Which of the following statements is true of the economic development of Native Americans? a. Tourism is an important source of employment for many reservation residents. b. They are more likely to be occupied as managers or administrators. c. They have higher incomes and lower poverty rates. d. Casino gambling is prohibited on reservations according to the tribal tradition.

Q: Which of the following statements regarding the socioeconomic status of Native Americans is accurate? a. The contemporary Native American population lives entirely on reservations. b. The Native Americans living on reservations have good quality houses. c. Native Americans are a highly employed people. d. Native Americans are an impoverished people.

Q: The use of American Indian names as mascots for athletic teams is seen by the Native Americans as ________. a. a public insult b. racial profiling c. a hate crime d. de facto segregation

Q: Which of the following statements is true of a standard of ancestry established by recognized tribes? a. It is used to determine who is a tribal member. b. It is used to determine the health of a tribe member. c. It is a unanimously accepted procedure. d. It is independent of racial purity measures.

Q: Which of the following is true of the acknowledgment process established in 1978? a. It was established by the Department of Justice. b. According to it, the tribes are required to show that they are a blended group. c. It was established by the combined efforts of Native American tribes. d. It was setup to decide if any more tribes needed a government-to-government relationship.

Q: Which of the statements is true of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act? a. It was a step to resolve sovereignty of the Alaska Natives. b. The immigrants to Alaska gave up their claims of land in exchange for payments. c. It addressed Native hunting and fishing rights of the Alaska Natives. d. It laid down strict regulations for Alaska Native government.

Q: Which of the following is a macro level of American Indian identity? a. how individuals view themselves as American Indian b. the recognition of tribes c. how the perception of American Indians is recognized d. the status of members of a tribe

Q: Originally, the phrase pau wau referred to ________. a. native dances b. the medicine man c. the homeland d. apples

Q: In the United States, ________ dominate the national organizations, not only politically but also culturally. a. Plains tribes b. the Whites c. African immigrants d. European immigrants

Q: A visible activity of the American Indian Movement (AIM) has been its efforts to ________. a. gain clemency for Leonard Peltier, one of its leaders b. prove the criminal status of Dennis Banks, an AIM leader c. prohibit the release of the documentary Incident at Oglala d. organize a walk called the Trail of Tears

Q: Wounded Knee, South Dakota, is the site of the infamous assault in 1890 by ________. a. White ranchers b. the Iroquois tribe c. the Choctaw tribe d. the U.S. Army

Q: Which of the following statements is true of the Battle of Wounded Knee II of 1973? a. It took place between Cherokee and Apache tribes. b. It involved the occupation of the site of the infamous cavalry assault of 1890. c. The leader of the confrontation received no support, yet managed to get successful results. d. The occupation received negligible press coverage.

Q: Which of the following statements is true of the seizure of Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay, in 1969? a. The island was seized by members of the Alaska Indian Center. b. The island was an active maximum-security federal prison. c. The federal government was undecided about how to use it. d. The Whites cheated the Native Americans by paying them $24 for the property.

Q: Fish-ins argued in accordance with the ________. a. 1868 Fort Laramie Treaty b. 1854 Treaty of Medicine Creek c. 1934 Treaty of Relations d. 1944 Bretton Woods Agreement

Q: Which of the following statements is true of the American Indian Movement? a. The group was known for its conservative ideas. b. The group was created to provide jobs to American Indians. c. The group documented the relocation of American Indians. d. The group promoted programs for alcohol rehabilitation.

Q: The Indian Claims Commission was a significant development because it ________. a. played an important role in creating the National Congress of American Indians b. sits in judgment of Indians charged with criminal offenses c. is considered the most important civil rights organization for Native Americans d. created a patrol to monitor police actions and document charges of police brutality