Q&A Hero

Q: Which of the following statements is true of the National Congress of American Indians? a. It was registered as a lobby in Washington, DC. b. It brought out the sentiments of the Whites in America. c. It was formed in the aftermath of the American Indian Religious Freedom Act. d. It recommended that both Indian and non-Indian members pay equally in dues.

Q: ________, founded in 1944 in Denver, Colorado, was the first national organization representing Native Americans. a. The National Civic League b. The American Civil Liberties Union c. The Association of Young Americans d. The National Congress of American Indians

Q: Which of the following consequences of the Employment Assistance Program is accurate? a. It resulted in a Native American version of the brain drain. b. It increased the labor force on the reservation. c. It helped resolve all the problems of Native Americans in cities. d. It led to the destruction of all intertribal networks.

Q: Which of the following statements is true of the Employment Assistance Program? a. It is a successful program and is still in place for those who seek assistance. b. It involved setting up industries near reservations. c. It provided tax incentives that eventually paid for themselves. d. It relocated people away from reservations for better jobs opportunities.

Q: In the context of the Termination Act, the government orders on the Native Americans resulted in ________. a. the tribes becoming autonomous b. tribe members joining the federal services c. major economic upheaval for the affected tribes d. a strong bond between local government agencies and the tribes

Q: Which of the following statements is true of the Termination Act of 1953? a. It activated recommendations for a period of tax immunity for Americans. b. It provided funding for the essential federal services. c. It focused on individual needs in spite of maximizing costs. d. It resulted in the withdrawal of basic services such as road repair and medical care.

Q: The treaty in which the Sioux lost their land is known as the ________. a. 1868 Fort Laramie Treaty b. 1854 Treaty of Medicine Creek c. 1934 Treaty of Relations d. 1944 Bretton Woods Agreement

Q: Which of the following statements is true of the Cobell class action lawsuit? a. The case was filed under the trust arrangements created by the Reorganization Act. b. The case was filed on behalf of half a million Whites in the United States. c. The government had well documented records to present their case. d. The government was charged with cheating billions of dollars in royalties.

Q: Which of the following steps taken by the government since World War II has created a new meeting place for Native Americans in cities, far from their native homelands and the reservations? a. The Johnson-O"Malley Act b. The Reorganization Act c. The Indian Claims Commission d. The Employment Assistance Program

Q: Which of the following is true of the Indian Reorganization Act? a. It was readily accepted by all the tribes. b. It extended the Allotment Act for another 10 years. c. It allowed tribes to adopt a written constitution for themselves. d. It prohibited the tribes from electing a tribal council with a head.

Q: Which of the following was the objective of the Allotment Act? a. assimilation of Native Americans into the White society b. creation of a pluralistic society of Indians and non-Indians c. expatriation of Native Americans d. ethnic cleansing of Native Americans from the White society

Q: Much of the land deeded under the Allotment Act of 1887 eventually came into the possession of ________. a. the tribal leaders b. Native American families c. non-Indians d. the Black settlers

Q: Which of the following is true of the Allotment Act of 1887? a. It acquainted landowners with skills necessary to make a land productive. b. It encouraged Native Americans to sell their land. c. It assumed the Native Americans would become homesteaders. d. It prevented a land from being leased.

Q: In 1887, which of the following policies bypassed tribal leaders and proposed making individual landowners of tribal members? a. The Allotment Act b. The Reorganization Act c. The Indian Claims Commission d. The Alaska Native Settlement Act

Q: Which of the following statements is true of the Indian Removal Act of 1830? a. It was carried out to protect the American Indians from an epidemic. b. It led to annexation of tribal land in America. c. The Native Americans were well compensated for relocation. d. The migration was volunteered by the Native Americans.

Q: The Indian Removal Act of 1830, called for the relocation of ________. a. all northern tribes to the south b. all Eastern tribes across the Mississippi River c. all Western tribes across the Colorado River d. all Native Americans to the African continent

Q: The Bureau of Indian Affairs, created in 1824, was part of the ________. a. Department of Interior b. Department of Education c. Department of Justice d. Department of War

Q: Gradually, the policies directed from Europe toward the indigenous peoples of North America resembled the approach described in the world systems theory. Which of the following was the most important to the Europeans? a. the spiritual expression of the indigenous peoples b. the land the indigenous peoples occupied c. the sacramental use of peyote d. the fishing and hunting practices of the indigenous peoples

Q: Which of the following statements is true of warfare between Native American tribes? a. Their conflicts resulted in mass mortality. b. Their conflicts were European-initiated warfare. c. Their warfare was limited to specific campaigns designed for specific purposes. d. Their warfare was never for personal reasons.

Q: Which of the following statements is true of Native Americans? a. They are known for speaking a single language. b. They have their roots in the African continent. c. They include Whites and Hispanics. d. They are diverse in terms of cultures and religions.

Q: Which of the following statements is true of the early European explorers and immigrants of the Western hemisphere? a. Christopher Columbus was the first explorer to reach North America. b. The Europeans were hunters in search of wild game, including mammoths and long-horned bison. c. The Europeans had superior weaponry which gave them an advantage over the Native Americans. d. The indigenous people were immune to the diseases the explorers brought with them.

Q: ________ styles of dancing, singing, and costuming derived from the tradition of Plains tribes of Native Americans are spreading nationwide as common cultural traits.

Q: In 1824, ________ was created to coordinate the government's relations with the tribes and to maintain peace and friendly relations along the frontier.

Q: In the context of American Indian identity, which of the following refers to tribal self-rule and is recognition that tribes have vibrant economic and cultural lives? a. autonomy b. secularity c. diversity d. sovereignty

Q: Which of the following statements is true of fish-ins? a. They were protests held by Washington State officials against Native Americans. b. They were held by Native Americans to continue fish farming. c. They brought increased public awareness of the deprivations of Native Americans. d. The protests were held to safeguard White society's law.

Q: Which of the following statements is true of pan-Indianism? a. It is only observed among the Native Americans and not among other ethnic subgroups. b. It serves to host cultural events within a tribal community. c. Its proponents see the tribes as captive nations. d. It is a result of kinship among members of a tribe.

Q: ________ refers to intertribal social movements in which several tribes, joined by political goals but not by kinship, unite in a common identity. a. Pan-Indianism b. Neocolonialism c. Nativism d. Ethnocentrism

Q: The relocation of all Eastern tribes across the Mississippi River that lasted more than a decade is called ________. a. the Walk for Justice b. the Trail of Tears c. pan-Indianism d. the Ghost Dance

Q: The ________ takes the view that the global economic system is divided between nations that control wealth and those that provide natural resources and labor. a. world systems theory b. allotment act c. exploitation theory d. quota system

Q: What are secessionist minorities? Provide an example in which the Supreme Court has ruled in favor of secessionist minorities.

Q: Discuss the reception given to the Irish immigrants who came to the United States after the potato crop failure.

Q: How can the evidence of both, assimilation and the signs of ethnic identity, that support a pluralistic view of society be possible?

Q: What is the relative importance of religion and ethnicity in influencing social attitudes and behaviors?

Q: Describe how Italian Americans began to construct a social identity as assimilation proceeded.

Q: Discuss Marcus Hansen's principle of third-generation interest. Provide instances that have supported this principle.

Q: In 1995, the Supreme Court ruled that privately sponsored religious displays are permitted on public property if ________. a. a written permission has been sought from all the residents of the locality b. a member of the Congress votes for the displays c. other forms of expression are permitted in the same location d. members of other religions are also allowed to participate

Q: Which of the following statements best describes the intelligent design? a. Life can be intelligently explained using Darwin's evolutionary theories. b. There is no one intelligent way of explaining life. c. Life is so complex it could only have been created by a higher intelligence. d. The biblical account in Genesis explains life most appropriately.

Q: Which of the following statements is true of creationists? a. They favor banning missionary schools. b. They favor the literal interpretation of the Bible. c. They feel Darwinism is a more accurate account than intelligent design. d. They feel uncomfortable with intelligent design.

Q: In 1993, the Congress passed the Religious Freedom Restoration Act, which said________. a. the government may not enforce laws that "substantially burden" the exercise of religion b. that prosecuting people who use illegal drugs as part of a religious ritual is not a violation of the First Amendment guarantee of religious freedom c. that states may not require the teaching of creationism alongside evolution in public schools d. Congress may make laws respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof

Q: Which of the following statements is true of the Amish? a. They live in complete harmony with outside society. b. They favor coexistence in some form of cultural pluralism. c. They are an example of secessionist minorities. d. They favor most of the values and beliefs of the dominant culture.

Q: According to the U.S. Supreme Court, the government ________. a. should follow a policy of neutrality to maximize religious freedom b. should ignore religion c. may help religion by financing a new church building d. may obstruct religion by denying a church adequate police and fire protection

Q: Baptist, Episcopalian, Lutheran, Methodist, and Presbyterian are the five mainline churches of ________. a. Jews b. Roman Catholics c. Buddhists d. Protestants

Q: Research has consistently shown that denominations can be arranged in a hierarchy based on ________. a. education b. social class c. country of origin d. mother language

Q: Within Protestant churches, which of the following are characterized by Missouri Synod Lutherans, Southern Baptists, and Assembly of God? a. Liberals b. Moderates c. Conservatives d. Fundamentalists

Q: Within Protestant churches, which of the following characterizes the Moderates? a. Disciples of Christ, Methodists, and Presbyterians b. American Lutherans and American Baptists c. United Church of Christ and Episcopalians d. Missouri Synod Lutherans, Southern Baptists, and Assembly of God

Q: Which of the following statements is true of the ethnic diversity of the Roman Catholic Church? a. Ethnic diversity has continued in the Roman Catholic Church despite religious institution. b. There is no ethnic diversity in the Roman Catholic Church. c. The Roman Catholic Church accommodated immigrants only of a single nationality. d. Religious behavior has been the same for each ethnic group within the Roman Catholic Church.

Q: Beginning with which of the following president's administration, did the federal government make explicit efforts to include religious organizations? a. President George W. Bush b. President Clinton c. President Barack Obama d. President Ronald Reagan

Q: According to sociologist Robert Bellah, civil religion today is ________. a. diminishing in promoting collective identity b. becoming more conservative c. becoming more liberal d. not important to Americans

Q: ________ reflects that no single faith is privileged over all others. a. Civil religion b. Religious ethnicity c. Religious deprivation d. Model religion

Q: Which of the following statements best describes civil religion? a. It refers to a religion which states that life must have been created by a higher intelligence. b. It refers to the religious dimension that merges public life with sacred beliefs. c. It refers to courts restricting religious freedom. d. It refers to religious experiences such as faith healing.

Q: Which of the following religious groups is branched into Sunni and Shia? a. Jews b. Muslims c. Buddhists d. Hindus

Q: With regard to Orthodox, Conservative, Reconstructionist, and Reform factions, which of the following statements is true? a. They are dissimilar in their roots. b. They are different names for the same faction. c. They are factions of the Buddhist faith. d. They are factions of the Judaic faith.

Q: By far, the largest single denomination in the United States is ________. a. Judaism b. Islam c. Buddhism d. Catholicism

Q: A large, organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government is known as ________. a. civil religion b. denomination c. de jure segregation d. de facto segregation

Q: The term ________ has often been used in the United States to refer explicitly to religion. a. ethnophaulism b. pluralism c. ageism d. ethnocentrism

Q: Which of the following treatments did the Polish immigrants meet? a. They were considered cultured. b. They were stigmatized as outsiders. c. They were viewed as a clever community. d. They were treated as natives.

Q: Which of the following statements is true about the Poles? a. The Poles turned rebels when they found it difficult to adjust to a new culture and more urban way of life. b. The Poles who migrated were most likely to see themselves as forced immigrants than their European counterparts. c. The Poles who migrated were most likely families rather than male immigrants. d. The majority of the Poles who migrated were atheists.

Q: Male Polish immigrants who came alone often took shelter through a system of inexpensive boarding houses called ________. a. szlachta b. Little Italy c. Za Chlebem d. tryzmanie bortnkw

Q: The migration of Poles who sought improvement in their lives was known as ________. a. tryzmanie bortnkw b. Za Chlebem c. szlachta d. Intifada

Q: Which of the following statements is true of Italian Americans during the battle against Italy in World War II? a. Some Italian Americans experienced hatred and violence. b. Some Italian Americans were recruited by the federal government to specific offices by virtue of their ethnicity alone. c. Italian Americans did not participate in the battle. d. Italian Americans, who were citizens of Italy, were asked to guard an internment camp in Montana.

Q: Which of the following statements is true of the immigration of Italians in the 1920s? a. Their immigration increased due to higher quota by the national origins system. b. Mutual aid societies were set up to provide basic social services for them. c. Education was still not valued by them as a means of upward mobility. d. Becoming more educated helped ward off prejudice toward them.

Q: The fact that Italians often are characterized as criminal is an example of ________ toward White ethnics. a. victim discounting b. reverse discrimination c. respectable bigotry d. White privilege

Q: Italian Americans established special ties with the Black community in Southern society. Which of the following was a reason behind this? a. The Black community had acquired advanced degrees and professions. b. They received their jobs through labor contractors in Black community. c. Both groups found comfort in the same Catholic Church. d. Both groups were marginalized.

Q: Many Italians, especially in the early years of mass immigration in the nineteenth century, received their jobs through an ethnic labor contractor referred to as ________. a. the padrone b. the under God c. imam d. pau wau

Q: Which of the following paved the way for the Irish to become an integral part of the United States? a. supporting the advent of priesthood as an occupation b. importing a popular version of Catholicism c. building on strong community and family networks d. suffering their maltreatment in silence

Q: The ________ were the first immigrant group to encounter prolonged organized resistance. a. Polish b. Italians c. Irish d. Germans

Q: The Irish immigrants and their children who began to move into the more affluent urban areas ________. a. were referred to as the "shanty Irish" b. were successfully and immediately assimilated c. received derogatory remarks and comments d. quickly overtook the dominant White community

Q: The lower-class Irish immigrants were referred to as ________. a. desi b. peoplehood c. the lace curtain Irish d. the shanty Irish

Q: Which of the following statements is true of occupations assumed by the Irish Americans by 1910? a. The Irish Americans stayed away from positions in politics and labor unions. b. The priesthood was the professional occupation of choice for second-generation men. c. Irish women were unable to compete with their German and English immigrant counterparts to become schoolteachers. d. The Irish Americans were only able to seek employment as laborers.

Q: Which of the following statements is true about the Irish immigrants? a. The upper-class Irish immigrants were referred to as "shanty Irish." b. Direct competition with Black Americans was a common feature during the immigration stages. c. Irish immigrants stayed away from the church and viewed priesthood as an undesirable occupation. d. The Irish immigrants assumed more leadership positions in politics and labor unions.

Q: According to the dominant Whites of New England, the Irish were once thought to be worse than freed Blacks because the Irish ________. a. did not follow the Catholic church b. accepted the behavior that was expected of them c. had higher crime rates than others d. did not suffer their maltreatment in silence

Q: Nativist movements of the Irish were ________ movements. a. pro-Semitic b. pro-Catholic c. anti-immigrant d. anti-Protestant

Q: The Irish immigrants who fled to the United States to escape the potato famine were more likely to consist of ________. a. families b. single men c. single women d. young couples

Q: When the Irish immigrated to America during the potato famine, they ________. a. did not live in ethnic neighborhoods b. were welcomed by other White Americans c. encountered an emerging nativism d. could easily find jobs in the city

Q: After the American Revolution temporarily stopped the flow of immigration, ________ in Ireland spurred even greater movement to North America. a. relative deprivation b. religious intolerance c. deteriorating economic conditions d. de facto segregation

Q: Which of the following statements is true about German Americans in the twenty-first century? a. The German-American National Alliance declined membership to urban Protestant middle-class German Americans. b. With World War I and the rise of the Nazi era, most German Americans distanced themselves from the politics in Germany. c. With the end of wartime tensions, German Americans moved from having a single identity of White to multiple identities. d. German Americans were denied permanent residential status due to the Nazi tyranny in Germany.

Q: Which of the following statements is true of German immigrants in the early history of America? a. German became the national language owing to the large numbers of German immigrants. b. The proceedings of the Continental Congress were published in English but not in German. c. German Americans established bilingual programs in many public schools. d. The English Americans welcomed German immigrants and treated them equally.

Q: Luca claims his ancestors came from the country that was the largest single source of White immigrants to the United States. His ancestors were most likely from ________. a. England b. Ireland c. Mexico d. Germany

Q: Which of the following is true of maintaining ethnicity and assimilating into the dominant culture? a. The ethnic community members are under constant psychological stress. b. The ethnic community members may get a financial boost from the ethnic community. c. The ethnic community members get a negative self-esteem. d. The ethnic community members are inhibited from competing effectively in a larger society.

Q: The persistence of ethnic consciousness of a unique group that developed a cultural tradition distinct from that of the mainstream depends on ________. a. foreign birth b. a distinctive language c. experiences in the United States d. a unique way of life